Session 2: Tourism overview

• feotoo@must.edu.mo

• Use your student email address.

• Identify yourself by your preferred English
name and class (DE8)
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 Learning Objectives
• Understand what tourism is and its many definitions.
• Learn the components of tourism and tourism
management.
• Know the benefits and costs of tourism
• Appreciate how important this industry is to the
economy of the world and of many countries.
 Introduction
• Tourism is the leader in the production of new jobs.
• Tourism has developed an important part of the
economic foundation of many countries.
• Growth rate of services sector faster than any other.

Do you know which country love to travel to?

 Macau
• The small region of Macau has a per capita tourism income
 of $16,797 ( 人均旅遊收入 ). GDP/capita New estimate
43,000 -48,000 in 2021.
• Travel and tourism contributes to 51% of the total
employment of the country.

GDP by sector
Agriculture = 0%
(2016)
Industry = 6.3%
Service = 93.7%
 Seychelles( 位於南非東部，印度洋中西部一個群島國家 )

• Travel and Tourism

contributes to 24.7% of
the total GDP of this
country.
• About 26.3% of the total
employed people are
engaged in tourism
activities.
 Tanzania( 東非國家 )
• Tanzania saw 1,063,000
tourists in 2013. Its teeming
wildlife and natural beauty
is the reason why so many
tourists visit every year.

• Travel and Tourism

contributes 12.7% to the
total GDP.
 Fiji
• Fiji saw 660,590 arrivals in 2012. The islands are popular
tourist pullers and are heavily reliant on tourism for a living. 
 Travel and Tourism - World’s Largest Industry

• In 2021 it is estimated to account for:

– $11.9 trillion of Economic Activity
– 323.8 million jobs

Source: WTTC
 Top cities for international
tourists
• 1. Hong Kong: 26.55 million in 2016; 25.7 million expected in
2017 (-3.2% growth).
• 2. Bangkok: 21.25 million in 2016; 23.27 expected in 2017
(9.5% growth).
• 3. London: 19.19 million in 2016; 19.8 expected in 2017 (3.4%
growth).
• 4. Singapore: 16.6 million in 2016; 17.6 million expected in
2017 (3.4% growth).
• 5. Macau: 15.39 million in 2016; 16.3 million expected in 2017
(5.9% growth).

Why do people select these destinations

 Top cities for international
tourists
• 6. Dubai: 14.9 million in 2016; 16 million expected in 2017
(7.7% growth).
• 7. Paris: 14.39 million in 2016; 14.26 million expected in 2017
(-0.9% growth).
• 8. New York City: 12.65 million in 2016; 13.1 million expected
in 2017 (3.6% growth).
• 9. Shenzhen, China: 12.57 million in 2016; 12.96 million
expected in 2017 (3.1% growth).
• 10. Kuala Lumpur: 12.29 million in 2016; 12.8 million
expected in 2017 (4.5% growth).
 Top cities for international
tourists
• 11. Phuket, Thailand: 10.6 million in 2016; 12 million
expected in 2017 (14% growth).
• 12. Rome: 9.4 million in 2016; 9.6 million expected in 2017
(1.8% growth).
• 13. Tokyo: 9.27 million in 2016; 9.7 million expected in 2017
(4.8% growth).
• 14. Taipei: 9.2 million in 2016; 9.3 million expected in 2017
(1% growth).
• 15. Istanbul: 9.17 million in 2016; 8.6 million expected in
2016 (-5.8% growth)
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China

Search for the tourism slogans for

the following provinces

Beijing
Hebei
Shanxi
Shandong
Zhejiang
Fujian
Guangdong
Yunnan
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China
Beijing
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China

Hebei
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China

山西
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China

山東 (Shandong)
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China

浙江 (Zhejiang)
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China

福建 (Fujian)
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China

廣東 (Guangdong)
Tourism slogans for the provinces in China

雲南 (Yunnan)
 Tourism – Myths and Realities
Myths
The majority of tourism in the world is
international
Most tourism journeys in the world are by air
as tourists jet-set from country to country
Tourism is only about leisure holidays.
Employment in tourism means substantial
travel and the chance to learn language.
Large multinational companies such as hotels
chains and airlines dominate tourism.
Tourism is a straightforward sector demanding
little research or planning
Realities
Tourism in the world is predominantly
domestic (people traveling their own country).
Domestic tourism accounts for about 80% of
tourist trips.
The majority of trips are surface transport
(mainly by car.)
Tourism includes all types of purpose of visit,
including business, conference and education.
Most employment in tourism is in the
hospitality sector and involve little travel.
The vast majority of tourism enterprises in
every destination are SMEs
Tourism is a complex multi-sectoral industry
demanding high-level planning underpinned by
research to succeed.
 Quiz 1
• In order to define tourism, we need to consider
various groups/stakeholders that participate in and
are affected by this industry. What groups/
stakeholders do you think will be involved?

• Their perspective are vital to development of a

comprehensive definition.
Some tourism stakeholders
 What is Tourism?
• Four different
perspectives of tourism
can be identified:

• The tourist: The tourist

seeks various psychic and
physical experience and
satisfactions. The nature
of these will largely
determine the
destinations chosen and
the activities enjoyed.
 What is Tourism?
• The business providing
tourist goods and services:
Business people see tourism
as an opportunity to make a
profit by supplying the goods
and services that the tourist
markets demand.
 What is Tourism?

• The government of the host

community or area: politicians view
tourism as a wealth factor in the
economy of their jurisdiction.

• The government can lay an important

role in tourism policy, development,
promotion and implementation.
 What is Tourism?
• The host community: Local
people usually see tourism as
a cultural and employment
factor.
• Of importance to this group,
for example, is the effect of
the interaction between large
numbers of international
visitors and residents. This
effect may be beneficial or
harmful, or both.
 Definition of Tourism
• Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities,
and outcomes arising from the relationships and the
interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host
governments, host communities, and surrounding
environments that are involved in the attracting and
hosting of visitors.
 Definition by UNWTO
• Tourism defined as “ the
activities of persons traveling
to and staying in place outside
their usual environment for not
more than one consecutive
year for leisure, business and
other purpose”
 Tourism Category
• Tourism can be divided by four category:
1. International tourism
1. Inbound tourism: Visits to a country by nonresidents ( 非居
民國內觀光 )
2. Outbound tourism: Visits by residents of a country to another
country ( 一個國家居民到另一個國家觀光 )
2. Internal tourism : Visits by resident and non residents of the
country of reference( 居民和非居民在一國內觀光 )
3. Domestic tourism : Visits by residents of a country to their
own country ( 居民在本國觀光 )
4. National tourism : Internal tourism plus outbound tourism
( 一個居民在國內和出國後的觀光 )
 Traveler Terminology for Tourism.
• All types of travelers engaged in tourism are described as visitors.

• International visitors are persons who travel for a period not exceeding
twelve months to country other than the one in which they generally
reside and whose main purpose is other than exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place visited.

• Internal visitors are persons who travel to destination within their

country, that is outside their usual environment, for a period not
exceeding twelve months.
 Traveler Terminology for Tourism
• All travelers are subdivided into two further
categories:
• Same-day Visitors: Visitors who do not spend for the night in a
collective or private accommodation in the country visited.
• E.g. A cruise ship passengers spending four hours in a port or
days-trippers visiting attraction.
Traveler Terminology for Tourism
• Tourist: Visitors who travel to and stay in places outside their
usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not
more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other
purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated
from within the place visited”.
--- National Tourism
 Exercise 3: Identify the tourist

in the following situations:

•A family from Taipei visiting Taichung city for their
weekend
•A man from 珠海 attending a weekend business
conference in 廣州
•An Irish couple going to live in New York
•A group of school children on a day trip to the Art
Museum
•A boy swimming in his local swimming pool on the
weekend
 Quiz 3: Identify the tourist

• A Hollywood director flying to Ireland to spend

six months making a film
• A woman from Sydney flying to Auckland for the
day for a business meeting
• A Dublin teenager on a foreign exchange trip to
France
• A group of people from Singapore on a
pilgrimage to Fatima
• An Irish girl visiting her sister who lives in
Frankfurt