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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
R.V.R. & J.C. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Chandramouliupuram, Chowdavaram, GUNTUR – 522019

V-Semester 2021
Subject Code: CS-226
Subject Name: Introduction to Operations Research
C ourse Handout

Instructor: Dr. V.Ramakoteswara Rao

Offered In: B.Tech., Mechanical Engineering

Prerequisites:

Mathematical Analysis is required

Course Objectives:

1. To impart knowledge in concepts and tools of Operations Research

2. To understand mathematical models used in Operations Research
3. To apply these techniques constructively to make effective business

Course Description with syllabus:

UNIT I

Linear Programming: Definition and Scope of Operations Research, Mathematical

formulation of the problem, graphical method, Simplex method, artificial basis technique,
dual Simplex method. Degeneracy, alternative optima, unbounded solution, infeasible
solution.

UNIT II

Transportation Problem: Introduction to the problem, LP formulation of a transportation

problem. Basic feasible solution by north-west corner method, Vogel's approximation
method, least cost method. Finding optimal solution by MODI method, degeneracy,
unbalanced transportation problem and Maximization in transportation model.

Assignment Problem: One to one assignment problem, optimal solutions, unbalanced

assignment matrix, travelling sales man problem, maximization in A.P.

UNIT III

Queuing Theory: Queuing systems and their characteristics. Classification, Models

Theory of Games: Introduction, rectangular two person zero sum games, solution of
rectangular games in terms of mixed strategies, solution of 2x2 games without saddle point,
concept of dominance to reduce the given matrix, Graphical method for 2xn and nx2 games.

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UNIT IV

Project Planning through Networks: Introduction, Basic steps in PERT/CPM techniques,

Network diagram representation, Rules of drawing network diagram, Fulkerson's rule, Time
estimates and Critical path in network analysis, floats, Project evaluation and review technique,
Application areas of PERT/CPM techniques.
Simulation: Introduction, Monte-Carlo Simulation, Application to Inventory Control,
Application to Queuing Problems
Course Outcomes
After completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Formulate and Solve Linear Programming Problems with different techniques
2. Able to build and solve Transportation Models and Assignment for Solving
Business Problems.
3. Understand the usage of game theory and Waiting line applications in different
real applications
4. Solve problems as networks and understand the Network Analysis. Able to solve
Simulation model problems.

CO-PO – PSO Mapping

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO P P P PS PS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O O O O1 O2
10 11 12

CO 3 3 1 3 3 1 2
1

CO 3 3 3 3 2 1 1
2

CO 3 3 2 1 1 3 1 3
3

CO 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 3
4

Learning Resources:

REFERENCES 1. Operations Research - H.A. Taha , Pearson , 7th Edition, June 2002.

2. Introduction to Operations Research - Hiller and Liberman, MGH, 7th Edition, 2002.
Text Books:
1. Operations Research - S.D. Sharma, Kedarnath Ram nath & Co, 2008.
2. Operations Research - Theory and Applications ,J.K Sharma, Macmillan Publications
India Ltd, 2013

Additional Reading Resources:

WEB REFERENCES :
 http://www2.informs.org/Resources/
 http://www.mit.edu/~orc/
 http://www.ieor.columbia.edu/
 h ttp://www.universalteacherpublications.com/univ/ebooks/or/Ch1/origin.htm
 http://www.wolfram.com/solutions/OperationsResearch/

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Structure of Weekly Classes:
(Lectures, videos, IOT techniques, highlighting concepts and applications)

Lecture Hours (as per timetable):

08:00 -10:00 (Tuesday)
12:00 -02:00 (Thursday)
CS-226(OR)
Lecture Plan:

UNIT-I
LINEAR PROGRAMMING

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 TOPIC NO.OF PERIODS

Introduction: The origin., Development of Operations Research, scope 1

Mathematical formulation of the problem 1

Graphical method, Exercises on graphical method 1

Simplex method 2

Artificial basis technique 1

Degeneracy 1

alternative optima 1

unbounded solution 1

Infeasible solution. 1

Dual Simplex method 1

UNIT-II
TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM
Introduction to the problem 1

formulation of a transportation problem 1

Basic feasible solution by north-west corner method 1

Vogel’s approximation method, 1

Least cost method. 1

Finding optimal solution by MODI method 1

degeneracy, 1

unbalanced transportation matrix 1

Maximization in transportation model. 1

ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM

One-to-one assignment problem, optimal solution 1

Unbalanced assignment matrix. 1

Traveling salesman problem, Maximization in AP 1

UNIT-III

THEORY OF GAMES

Introduction, Rectangular two person zero person, given matrix 2

Solution of rectangular games in terms of mixed strategies , solution of 2

2x2
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Concept of Dominance to reduce a matrix into nx2 form 1

Games without saddle points 1

Graphical method for 2xn and nx2 forms 1

QUEING THEORY

2
Queuing systems and their characteristics
3
Classification, Models

-(M/M/1:FCFS/∞/∞), (M/M/1:FCFS/N/∞).

UNIT-IV

PERT and CPM

Introduction ,Basic Concepts of PERT/CPM 1

Network Diagram Representation 1

Critical Path Analysis 1

PERT Problems 2

Application areas of PERT/CPM 1

SIMULATION

Definition and applications ,Mantel Carlo simulation. 2

Application to Inventory Control 2

Application to Queuing problems 2

Total Planned Sessions 48

Assessment Plan

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 Total
Assessment Dates Time Remarks
Marks
Assignment Test I
01.03.2021,19.04.2021 45 min 12 Paper Based
and Test II
Home Assignments
I & II / Quiz I & II 25.02.2021,12.04.2021 30 min 5 Paper Based
Mid Examination
01.03.2021,19.04.2021 90 min 18 Paper Based
I & II
End Examination 03.05.2021 180 min 60 Paper Based

Class Decorum
a. To empower students who are interested in learning, it is a requirement that
everyone maintains silence when the class is in session.
b. No use of mobile phone is allowed in the class. Use of mobile phone in the class will
be dealt with in accordance with the Code of Student Conduct.
c. Students have to maintain notebook for OR subject.
d. Assignment problems have to submit during the scheduled time.

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