iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF EQUATIONS viii
CHAPTER TITLE
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of The Problem 2
1.3 Aim and Objectives 2
1.4 Overview of The System 3
1.5 Scope of The System 3
1.6 Outline of the System 4
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Review of Real-Time Face Mask Detection system 5
For Covid-19 Mitigation
2.2 Review of Face Mask Detection Using Machine Learning 8
2.3 Review of Face Mask Detection Using YOLOv3 9
2.4 Various Researches on Machine Learning Algorithm 10
2.5 Various Researches on Deep Learning Algorithm 12
2.6 Deep Learning Vs Machine Learning 15
2.7 Summary 16
3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 17
3.1 Object Detection 17
3.1.1 Types and Models of Object Detection 18
3.1.2 How Does Object Detection Work 19
3.1.3 Single-Stage Object Detectors 20
3.1.4 Two-Stage Object Detectors 21
3.1.4.1 Mask R-CNN 24
3.1.5 Object Detection Model Architecture 27
 iv

3.1.5.1 R-CNN Model Family 27

3.1.5.2 YOLO Model Family 27
3.1.5.3 CenterNet 28
3.2 YOLO (YOU ONLY LOOK ONCE) 28
3.2.1 Important of YOLO Algorithm 30
3.2.2 YOLO Architecture 30
3.2.3 How The YOLO Algorithm Works 31
3.2.3.1 Residual blocks 31
3.2.3.2 Bounding Box Regression 31
3.2.3.3 Intersection Over Union or IOU 33
3.2.3.4 Non-Max Suppression or NMS 33
3.2.4 YOLO Variants 33
3.2.4.1 YOLOv1 34
3.2.4.2 YOLOv2 35
3.2.4.3 YOLOv3 35
3.2.4.4 YOLOv4 36
3.2.4.5 YOLOv5 37
3.3 Summary 39
4 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 40
4.1 System Design of Face Mask Detection System 40
4.2 Flowchart for The System 40
4.3 Implementation of The System 42
4.4 Experimental Results 44
4.5 Accuracy of the system 50
4.6 Summary 52
5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 53
5.1 Conclusion 53
5.2 Future Work 53
REFERENCES 55