Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga

Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu keguruan

Ujian tengah Semester Genap TA 2021/2022
Jl. Marsda Adisucipto, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281

Mata Kuliah: FISIKA KUANTUM II Max mark: 140

Please check the appendix for mathematical Tools!

1. EASY A particle in a box with length of L moving stationary in it. The wave-
function correspond to the particle is
2 +iωt
ψ(x, t) = Ae−Kx , (1)
where K and ω are some constants.
(a) Normalize ψ(x, t) and find A! (15)
(b) Calculate the ⟨x̂⟩, ⟨x̂2 ⟩, ⟨p̂⟩ and ⟨p̂2 ⟩! (15)
q q
(c) Calculate ∆x = ⟨x̂ ⟩ − ⟨x̂⟩ and ∆p = ⟨p̂2 ⟩ − ⟨p̂⟩2 , does ∆x∆p ≥
2 2 h̄
2
hold? (15)
2
(d) What happens if we use ψ ∝ e+Kx instead of eq. (1)? (10)
2. MEDIUM As the matter of fact, the commutator has a physical meaning. Let’s
see, if [Â, B̂] = 0, means both observable  and B̂ can be measured simultaneously.
In contrary, if [Â, B̂] ̸= 0, both  and B̂ cannot be measured simultaneously.
(a) Check the commutator [L̂x , L̂y ], which are operator momentum of x and y
directions! (15)
(b) Give comment on the part 2.(a)! (10)
3. HARD (this question is taken from Int. Quantum Mechanics, D.J. Griffiths with
some modification)
The ”true” solution of the harmonic oscillator is
r 
1  mω 1/4 − mωx2 mω
ψ(x, t)n = √ e 2h̄ Hn x
2n n! πh̄ h̄
with Hn (z) can be described by
2 dn  −z2 
Hn (z) = (−1)n e−z e ,
dz n
which is the ’famous’ Hermitte polynomials
 (a) Write down the ψ(x, t)n with the n = 0 and n = 1! (15)
(b) With potential energy of the harmonic oscillator to be
  r
1 k
En = n + h̄ω ω= , (2)
2 m

where k and m are spring constant and mass respectively. if we shift the spring
with k → (1+ϵ)k, with ϵ ≪ 1. Rewrite eq. (2) with the shifted spring constant!
(Hint: use Taylor series and approximate!) (15)

4. TITAN Given the espectation value of total energy of the particle by

 2 Z ∞
p̂ p̂2
⟨Ê⟩ = = ψn∗ ψn dx (3)
2m 0 2m

(a) Express this ⟨Ê⟩ in raising and lowering operators â+ and â− , where
r
h̄mω
p̂ = i (â+ − â− ).
2
(15)
(b) The operator for p̂2 in 3 dimensional Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) is
 2
∂2 ∂2

2 2 ∂
p̂ = −h̄∇ = −h̄ + +
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2

However, if we transform it in spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ), we obtain

∂2
     
2 2 1 ∂ 2 ∂ 1 ∂ ∂ 1
p̂ = −h̄∇ = −h̄ 2 r + 2 sin θ + 2 2
r ∂r ∂r r sin θ ∂r ∂θ r sin θ ∂φ2

Find the expectation value of ⟨Ê⟩ in radial component r if

2
ψ(r, θ, φ) = Aer sin θ

(15)

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 Mathematical tools

(1) Γ(n) = (n − 1)! = (n − 1) × (n − 2) × (n − 3) × ...

(2) Γ(n + 1) = nΓ(n)
√
(3) Γ(1/2) = π
Z ∞ m+1


n Γ
(4) xm e−Kx dx = n
m+1
0 nK n )
(
(5) operator x̂ = x
∂ ∂ ∂
(6) operator p̂x = −ih̄ p̂y = −ih̄ p̂z = −ih̄
∂x ∂y ∂z
(7) operator L̂x = y p̂z − z p̂y L̂y = z p̂x − xp̂z L̂z = xp̂y − y p̂x

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