Connectivism & TESOL

Pratiwi Indah S (S892208005)

Lecturer :Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum,
 Table of Contents
○ Background of Connectivism
○ The Definition of Connectivism
○ The Principles of Connectivism Learning Theory
○ Connectivism in E-Learning & Blended Learning
○ The Application of Blended Learning
 Background of Connectivism

In the traditional learning environment of the late 19th to early 20th centuries, the theories of behaviorism,
cognitivism, and constructivism have been applied as the three axes of learning theory, whereas the mediating
effect of technology was ignored (Siemen, 2004).
Motivation for introduction of connectivism comes from notion that learning theories in frames of those three
learning theories promote the understanding that learning occurs only inside a person.
● Behaviorism : behavior should be focused on simple elements of stimuli and responses and is about
behavior change.
● Cognitivism : Learning is viewed as a process of inputs, managed in short term memory, and coded for
long term call.
● Constructivism : learners create knowledge as they attempt to understand their experiences (Driscoll,
2000, p.376)
 The Definition of Connectivism

“Connectivism is a modern learning theory that can get knowledge not only purely from teachers but also searching from many other internet
sources. Connectivism has been called, “A Learning Theory for the Digital Age” (Siemens, 2005). Siemens explains that in our digital age
learning takes place as a learner reaches out to gain and share information in a learning community. A learning community is a place where
similar ideas and interests are shared. Each learning community is a “node” and part of a larger network.

Connectivism is the integration of principles explored by chaos, network, complexity and self-organization theories (Siemens, 2004) :
Chaos Theory
Chaos means loss of predictability. Recognizing complex patterns and deep sensitivity on small changes in initial conditions are
important properties of learning and decision-making as well as key aspects of chaos theory.
Networks
Network models were acquired because of their applicability and simplicity. Networks are sets of relations between elements which
integrate those elements into a whole.
Complexity
Complexity means that there is an atmosphere that is disorganized or complicated. Because information comes so fast with digital
technology.
Self-Organization
This term usually refers to “the spontaneous formation of well organized structures, patterns, or behaviors, from random initial
conditions. Self-organization is according to Siemens a characteristic of knowledge on personal as well as on institutional or corporate
level.
 The Principles of Connectivism Learning Theory

Vesela (2013) made this discussion more obvious by applying the connectivism principles mentioned by Siemens (2006)
in foreign language learning as follows:

In foreign language learning, diversity can be seen in the meanings of words in various contexts and the existence of
variants of a language (e.g. regional).
Learning is a process of creating connections among the nodes by using a variety of information resources (books,
Internet, mass media, ICT, etc.).
E-learning uses a learning system that works without human interference. It is necessary to make use of its potential
(e.g. hyperlinks).
Foreign language learning is a life-long activity.
Maintenance of connections is important for continuous learning. Without continual practice, the ability to
communicate disappears. It is necessary not only to add new connections, but also to maintain and update the old
ones.
A foreign language cannot be learnt just as a set of words and phrases, it is important to see the connections among
the language networks.
Decision making process is a part of foreign language learning. The motivation increases when the learners decide to
go further in their study such as the case of learning a foreign language for specific purposes.
 Connectivism in E-Learning

E-Leaning is often known as virtual learning, online learning, distributed learning networked or also known as
web-based learning. Siemens (2006), in connectivism, learning is a network. George Siemen's connectivism theory
has implications for the use of learning using E-Learning. It is as an implication of connectivism theory is very
appropriate in responding to the current digital era. According to Downes (2008), Connectivism is considered as
one of the most prominent network learning theories that has been developed for e-learning contexts.
 The implications of Connectivism learning theory on the use of E-learning in learning activity :

1. Students can access learning resources quickly in seconds.

2. Students are actively involved in connecting various learning resources according to their
individual needs and adapted to learning objectives.
3. Students can study in groups with their friends and teachers by utilizing internet network
facilities and learning applications (very flexible in time and place)
4. Students always get updated knowledge through very fast information sources and this is the
goal of connectivism theory.
5. The existence of a continuous connection with learning resources allows for continuous learning
to occur.
 Connectivism in Blended Learning

Connectivist theory centres largely around technology, as well as freedom and the access to information
that this affords students. Blended learning balances the emphasis that we put on classroom learning and
learning from home
In blended Learning :
● Giving students more independence and control over their own learning creates an environment that is
less teacher led,
● More student-centric with a supporting teacher who is there to help in between online learning sessions
and in school class work.
 The Application of Blended Learning

1. Planning learning that allows for knowledge to be developed from a diversity of opinions
2. Acknowledging that learning can axist in non-human appliances and plan assessments that
acknowledge this
3. Teaching students how to find knowledge so that they can continue to learn beyond the classroom
4. Providing the learning activities that are current and provide up to date knowledge.
5. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), like the ones Siemens championed in the early days of
connectivism, put students in complete control of their learning, and even promoted interaction
between them to collectively find answers to questions.
6. MOOC that usually consists of a central online learning resource, such as a webinar or teacher led video,
then a dedicated forum consisting of the class students, a library of related resources to use and also
access to the internet and its ever expanding wealth of information.
 REFERENCES

F. Bell. (2011). Connectivism: its place in theory-informed research and innovation in technology-enabled learning,
IRRODL 12 98–118, https://doi.org/ 10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.902.

G. Conole, R. Galley, & J. Culver. (2011). Frameworks for understanding the nature of interactions, networking, and
community in a social networking site for academic practice, IRRODL 12 119–138,
https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl. v12i3.914.

J.G.S. Goldie. (2016). Connectivism: a knowledge learning theory for the digital age? Med. Teach. 38 1064–1069,
https://doi.org/10.3109/ 0142159X.2016.1173661.