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GE 117 - PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY

Lesson 9: Philippine Literature In The New Society
( 1971 - 1980 ) 3) Writers/Authors/Historians

OUTLINE  The Manila Review: The Philippine Journal of

1) Manner of literature of the New Society Literature and Arts
2) Relevant literary Works  The Archipelago : The International Magazine of the
3) Writers/Authors/Historians Philippines
4) National artist Awardees 1. Philippines Current Affairs
2. Culture
3. Travel
1) MANNER OF LITERATURE OF THE NEW
SOCIETY - - - Authors - - -
- The new society or the declaration of Martial Law did not  Poetry
defer the growth of Philippine literature. The Government  Ricardo de Ungria
itself led in the publication of the literary outputs of poets,  Edith Tiempo
fictionists, essayists, playwrights, and historians alike.  Bienvenido Santos
 Herminio Beltran, Jr.
 Luis Francia
- Almost all themes in most writings addressed the event
 Rolando Tinio
or progress of the country - like the green revolution, birth
control, proper nutrition, environment, white plague (war
and drugs), and pollution. The New society tried to prevent  Fictionist
 Linda T. Casper
pornography or those writings giving bad influences on the
 Julie Yap Daza
morals of the people.
 Rowena Torrevillas
 Erwin Castillo
 Donel Pacis
2) Relevant literary Works
 Carlos Bulosan
- The late President, Ferdinand E. Marcos himself  Conrado de Quiros
put out his writings on various subjects and in forms just as  Cirilo Bautista
varied.
 Article and Essay Writers:
 Revolution: Democracy  N.V.M. Gonzales
 TADHANA: History of Filipino People  Ricaredo Demetillo
- Supposed to be written in 19 Books, the series was  Eric CasiÑ o
never finished as anvisioned. Only five books were  Carlos Quirino I
printed; recounts the foundations of Filipino culture  Sagani Cruz
and the archipelagic genesis of the Philippines.  Nick Joaquin
 The Democartic Revolution in the Philippines  Teodoro Agoncillo
- Printed in 1977, this book argues the particularity  Ophelia A. Dimalanta
of the Philippine Martial Law. More than a
justification of Martial Law in the country, it offers the  Playwrights:
philosophy and ideology of those who now seek to  Nick Joaquin
restructure Phiilippines society.  Wifredo Nolledo
 Alfredo N. Salonga
 The New Philippine Republic Philippine  Adrian Cristobal
- This book defines the new - United States
Relations, and Philippine Foreign relations with other  Cultural Center of the Philippines ( CCP ) on
countries of the world relations that should veer September 10, 1969, the
towards an authentic Philippine sovereignty.  Folk Art Theater (FAT) on July 7, 1974
 Metropolitan Theater on December 17, 1978
 Five Years of the New Society
- This book contained his report card - his evaluation This included the revival of annual religious festivals and Folk
of what has been achieved during the first 5 years of rites such as:
Martial Law. It is supposed to answer two questions:  Viva Sto. NiÑo - January
(1) What exactly, has been achieved after 5 years of crisis  Kristo or Senaculo - Lenten Season
government?  Pamasko - December Christmas Festival
(2) How far has this vision for the future progressed?

 Dialogue with my People

4) National artist Awardees


Notes: the folk songs and arts are giving much importance
During This period
 The institution of the NATIONAL ARTISTS AWARD,
in 1972 gave further impetus to Filipino writers, film
directors and other artists to pursue their art with
greater zeal. Here are some of the awardees:
 1972 - Fernando Amarsolo for painting
 1973
- Jose Garcia Villa - Literature
- Amado V. Hernandez - Literature (Posthumous)
- Carlos Francisco - Painting
- Antonio Molina - music
- Juan Nakpil - Architecture
- Guilermo Tolentino - sculpture
 1976
- Lamberto Avellana - Theater
- Nick Joaquin - Literature
- Napoleon Abueva - sculpture
- Pablo Antonio - Architecture (Posthumous)
- Victorio Edades - Painting
- Jovita Fuentes - Music
 1982
- Carlos P. Romulo - writer, diplomat statesman
- Gerry de Leon - film director
LESSON 10: Songs Of THE NEW SOCIETY
Artist/Composers of Famous Songs of the
New Society
1) Freddie Aguilar
- (BORN FEBRUARY 5, 1953)
- ALSO KNOWN AS KA FREDIE
- is a Filipino folk musician, singer-songwriter. Regarded
as one of the pillars and icons of Original
Pilipino Music(OPM).
- He is best known for his rendition of "Bayan Ko",
which became the anthem of the opposition against
the regime of Ferdinand Marcos during the 1986
People Power Revolution
- and for his song "Anak", the best-selling Philippine
music record of all time.
- He is heavily associated with Pinoy rock.
- He is well known internationally, claiming fame as
one of the best musician- songwriters from the
Philippines.
2) Rey Valera
- was born on march 4, 1954 in meycauayan, bulacan,
luzon, philippines
 He is a composer and actor, known for Tayong
dalawa (1992), Maging sino ka man (1991) and
Videoke King (2002).
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 He received the Lifetime Achievement for Music
in the 8th Tinig Awards from The National
Press Club.
 In 1993, he was elected as one of the board
member of Filipino Society of Composers,
Arrangers, and Publishers (Filscap).
 One of his initial projects was to make a song for
the 12- year-old Sharon Cuneta. The song he
composed, "Mr. DJ" launched the young singer's
career. It was followed by his song, "Kahit Maputi
na ang Buhok Ko."
3) Sharon Cuneta
- born on 6 january 1966 in manila, philippines
 She is an actress and producer,
 known for
- Dapat ka bang mahalin? (1984),
- Babangon ako't dudurugin kita (1989) and
- Pasan ko ang daigdig (1987).
 a Filipina actress, singer, television host, and
socialite. She recorded the song Mr. DJ in 1978.
4) Francisco Santiago
- JANUARY 29, 1889 – SEPTEMBER 28, 1947
- was a filipino musician, sometimes called the father
of kundiman art song.
 Santiago's masterpiece was the "Concerto in B
flat minor" for pianoforte and orchestra and his
most famous piece "Kundiman, (Anak-
Dalita)".
 His other compositions are the kundiman
- "Sakali Man",
- "Hibik ng Filipinas",
- "Pakiusap",
- "Ang Pag-ibig",
- "Suyuan",
- "Alaala Kita",
- "Ikaw at Ako",
- "Ano Kaya ang Kapalaran?",
- "Hatol Hari Kaya?",
- "Sakali't Mamatay",
- "Dalit ng Pag-ibig",
- "Aking Bituin",
- "Madaling Araw" and
- "Pagsikat ng Araw".
5) Felipe Padil a De Leon
- MAY 1, 1912 – DECEMBER 5, 1992
 a composer, conductor, and scholar, who utilized
the essence of Filipino folk music to create
masterpieces.
 Known as a nationalist composer.
 He also wrote a march during the Japanese regime
entitled "Tindig, Aking Inang Bayan", and another
march "Bagong Pagsilang" during the martial law.
He wrote the popular Christmas carols, “Payapag
Daigdig” (1946), “Noche Buena” and “Pasko Na
Naman”, both in 1965.

6) Cinderel a (Filipino Band)
 a Filipino soft pop band that rose to prominence
in the 1970s.
 Cinderella's most recognized single is "T.L. Ako
Sa'yo" (loosely translated to "You're My True
Love", where T.L. stands for "True Love").
 Other stand-out songs include such eventual
classics as "Bato sa Buhangin" (Pebble Amongst
the Sand), "Sa Aking Pag-iisa" (In My Solitude) and
"Superstar ng Buhay Ko" (Superstar of My Life).
Lesson 11: Obsession by Amado Vinuya
Amado A. Vinuya
 BIRTHDATE: He was born on Manila in 1930.
 EDUCATION: He studied in the University of
Santo Tomas and the Far Eastern University.
 WORK BACKGROUND: Vinuya served as
editor and public information officer of the Manila
Health Department. A versatile worker, he has also
been a laborer, sanitary inspector, laboratory
technician, clerk, and radio announcer.
 ADDITONAL WORK BACKGROUND: Vinuya
also wrote fiction. He has a poetry collection with
preface written by Carlos P. Romulo, entitled
Pregnant Woman and Other Poems (1968).
Characters of the Story
1. Homer
- Main character of the story
- Suffered from Obsession Love Disorder.
2. Rosanna
- The selfish ex-wife of Homer.
3. Jasmine
- A punk girl and the one with Homer in the
cottage.
4. Robin
- The unknown character in the story
Setting of the Story
 At the office
 Phil’s Cottage
Overview of “Obsession”
 The short story, ‘Obsession’ revolves around the story of
a man who desperately wants to love and be loved. As a
result, he grew in him an obsession love disorder that
made a negative impact in his life. A story of a man who
made his obsession his “world” and thus when his
feelings were not reciprocated, he felt depressed and
isolated himself in a friend’s cottage where there he
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reflected on some things and eventually decided to take
his own life.
Plot Summary
 EXPOSITION
- It started when Jasmine and Homer went to Phil’s
cottage during winter.
 RISING ACTION
- When Homer and Jasmine arrived at Phil’s cottage.
Homer and Jasmine started to talk with each other
about the painting she had seen. While Jasmine was
listening to Homer, then she felt scared.
 CLIMAX
- Homer started kissing Jasmine from the cheek, eyes,
ear, and her neck. They started to argue the feelings of
Homer towards Jasmine and the obsession of Homer
 FALLING ACTION
- Jasmine protested Homer to stop what he has doing.
The two of them return to the city. Homer was very
upset that time and thought Jasmine and his ex-wife
were bitches.
 RESOLUTION
- Homer was terminated from his job and felt the
uneasiness and the depression of not being able to
see Jasmine. Thus, he went to Phil’s cottage until he
eventually died
Conflict of the story
 Man vs Self
 Man vs Society
Theme of the Story
 Obsession: An obsession is a way for damaged
people to damage themselves more
Identifying Cause-Effect Relationship
 What is Cause?
- Cause is the driving force in the text. It is the reason
that things happen. In essence, cause is the thing that
makes other things happen.
 What is Effect?
- Effect refers to what results. It is the what happened
next in the text that results from a preceding cause.
Cause = why something happened.
Effect = what happened
 Cause and effect are important elements of a text that
help the reader to follow a writer’s line of thought,
regardless of whether that text is fiction or nonfiction.
Importance of using cause and effect
 Cause and effect in a piece of writing help the
reader follow a coherent thread through the
material.
 In fiction, cause and effect help maintain
plausibility in plotlines.

Strategies to Identify Cause-Effect
 Signal words
- (cause: because, because of, since, as a result of,
etc.), (effect: so, therefore, this resulted in, etc.)
 Graphic Organizers
- (Fishbone Diagram, just a simple column like
what happened?’ & ‘why did it happen?’ and a
graphic representations arrows and images)
Lesson 12: The Dog Eaters by Leoncio P. Deriada
Leoncio P. Deriada (January 13, 1938 - April 3, 2019)
 Award-winning Filipino Poet, playwright, fictionist
and teacher.
 Studied BA English Degree in Ateneo De Davao
University, MA in English in Xavier (CDO) and
received his PhD degree at Siliman University
(Dumaguete).
 Father of contemporary West Visayan lietrature
 WORKS:
- The road to Mawab (1984)
- The week of the Whales (1994)
- The Dog-Eaters (1986)
- Ani, West Visayas (1989), Patubas (1995)
 Awards
- Palanca Awards Hall of Famer ?
- Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas
- Gawad CCP para sa Sining (2015)
- Blue Knight Award from Ateneo de Davao for
Outstanding Achievement in Literature
 Other Jobs
- Head, Sentro ng Wikang Pilipino (UP Visayas)
- Associate, UP Institute of Creative Writing.
- Professor Emeritus in Comparative Literature
(U.P. Visayas)
Characters of the Story
1) Victor
- the husband of Mariana
- A carpenter who’s also a former bouncer and
body builder. He married Mariana after he got
her pregnant
2) Mariana
- wife of Victor
- a college undergrad who married Victor at a
young age.
3) Ramir
- dog of victor which Mariana killed out of anger
and frustration.
4) Aling Elpidia
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- a fish and vegetable vendor who helped Mariana
abort her and Victor’s second child
Setting
 Place:
- Artiaga Street, Davao City specifically at the
house of Victor and Mariana.
 Time: 1970’s
Point of View
 3rd person omniscient (all-seeing)
OVERVIEW OF THE STORY
Victor who is former body builder and club bouncer married
Mariana who is an undergraduate college student because
she gets pregnant. Victor and his friends are always drinking
tuba early in the morning at Sergio’s Store with Dog dishes as
their pulutan. Mariana was very mad because it is not the life
she expected to have. She takes care of their 8 months old
and now she’s bearing another one in her womb. She can’t
stand it anymore and tried to abort her child by drinking
some herbal liquid which she bought desperately from Aling
Elpidia for 40 pesos. She and Victor has a quarrel. Victor
threw the bottle of herbal liquid out the window, and it was
broken. Mariana pounded Victor with her fists, but the man
carried it. Suddenly, Mariana saw Victor’s Dog Ramir, she
killed the dog. And for long time living in Artiaga Street,
Mariana cried.
STYLE
- The story is written in a richly detailed manner
- the author reveals the actual condition of the
characters in every scene or circumstance.
TONE
- very intense and strong
- Some instances in the story show sarcasm and humor
as observed in Marian and Victor’s dialogues.
LANGUAGE
- Light and very easily understood by the readers.
- The author used a typical language used by a common
lining.
Themes
 One’s anger must not be blamed to the innocents
around them for they can bring evil on oneself.
 The right to live is entitled to everybody even a
fetus or an animal.
IMAGE
- the house of Victor and Mariana shows their social
status.
- The image of the couple quarreling reveals that the
conflict of the story is man vs. man.
SYMBOLISM / ALLEGORY
 Ramir - Mariana’s life and relationship being noisy and
troubled
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 Bottle of Liquid - Mariana’s bitter feelings towards
her life.
 Dog meat - social economic status of the family.