INTRODUCTION OF ARCHERY

COURSE NAME : PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY 1 : ARCHERY

COURSE CODE : HPA 1022

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

NO NAME STUDENT ID SECTION

1 NUR AIN IZATTI BT MOHAMED BGN2124410262 69

ZAINI

2 ALYA NATASHA BGN212410280 69

3 MUHAMMAD FARHAT BIN FAIZAL BGN212410256 69

4 MUHAMMAD DANIAL IZZAT BIN BGN212410270 69

ABDUL LATIF

5 SAYED MOHAMAD AZEEM BIN BGN212410278 69

SAYED AZMAN

LECTURER NAME:MR AZZARUL SYAZMIR BIN ABDUL RASID

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Table of Contents

NO. TITLE

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 History Of Archery
1.2 Anatomy Of Archery
1.3 Rules Of Archery
1.4 Safety In Archery

2. TYPES OF ARCHERY & BOW

2.1 Types Of Archery

2.2 Types Of Bow

3 FUNCTION OF ARCHERY

3.1 Bow Arrows

3.2 Arrow

3.3 Bow Rope

4 BENEFITS-HOW IT IMPROVES ATHLETE’S PERFORMANCE

4.1 Improves your focus

4.2 Improves your hand-eye coordination

4.3 Improves your upper strength

4.4 Improves your social skills

4.5 Improves your confidence

5 Fitness Drill for Health Related Fitness

6 Fitness Drill for Skill Related Fitness

7 Conclusion

1. INTRODUCTION

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Archery is a sport demanding a range of skills from a steady hand, strong shoulders, flexible
muscles, a keen eye, and a cool disposition. Archery has several health and fitness benefits
as well as being an enjoyable and social sport.

Archery is an art, practice, or skill of propelling arrows with the use of a bow. A person who
participates in archery is typically known as an “archer” or a “bowman”. Besides, archery is
the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows. The word comes from the Latin
Arcus, meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat, in modern
times, it is mainly a competitive sport and recreational activity.

Archery equipment has improved in its technology since its humble beginnings, but the
sports remain essentially unchanged. Modern bows are made of a combination of wood,
coated with carbon fiber, fiberglass, or ceramic. The arrows consist of a carbon or aluminum
shaft with a steel head and can travel at speeds of around 149 mph (240 kph).

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1.1 HISTORY OF ARCHERY

Figure of 1.1 HISTORY OF ARCHERY

The history of the bow and arrow is entwined in the history of humanity. Archery initially
emerged as a technique for hunting and then later for warfare. The earliest evidence of
archery. Arrowheads made of flint dates to around 20,000 BC. It’s possible that early
humans were using bows and arrows even earlier.

Distinctive styles of equipment and technique developed in almost every region of the world.
In Asia, where warriors were often mounted on horseback, shorter composite bows became
popular, while longbows made of yew made England a military power through much of the
Middle Ages. Large communities of archers shooting traditional bows remain active today.

Archer became obsolete in warfare with the advent of gunpowder and quickly developed into
a sport. The first known archery competition that we can relate to modern times was held in
Fins bury, England, in 1583 and had 3000 participants. Archery first featured at the modern
Olympic Games from 1990 to 1908 and in 1920. World archery was founded in 1931 to
secure a permanent place on the program, which was achieved in 1972.

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1.2 ANATOMY OF ARCHERY

Archery from the viewpoint of the usually involved muscles. The bow is a complex
anatomical process. According to the literature, shooting the bow loads the torso and the
arms, and a wide scale of muscles are usually involved in the movement, from the shoulders
to the fingers. Knowing the exact location of these muscles we also know which parts of the
bones we should be studying to find the consecutive ethereal changes that develop on the
muscle’s attachment.

Figure of 1.2 ANATOMY OF ARCHERY

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I) ANATOMY OF BOW

Picture of I) ANATOMY OF BOW

NOCK – The nock is the V-shaped groove, or plastic piece, that is attached to the end of the
arrow. It is on the opposite end of the arrow from the tip and is next to where the fletching is
attached. The nock is typically made of plastic and made to be removed for repairs.

LIMBS – The two limbs that attach to their riser are the top upper and lower limb. These
limbs are not interchangeable and must be attached to the proper end of the riser to function
properly. Limbs can be made of several different types of materials including woods,
composites, or metals. They are also generally laminated with fiberglass or similar materials.

RISER – The riser is the centerpiece of the bow that the upper and lower limb attach to. This
can be made of a composite or an arrow rest. The grip is the curved portion of the riser that
is made for your hand to “grip”. Different sizes of risers will have differing grip sizes, so make
sure you feel the grip before you purchase the bow.

NOCKING POINT – The point is at one end of the arrow shaft. This is the part of the arrow
that will encounter your target first. There are three basic arrow points that most archers
know of; the bullet/field points are the most used points for practicing archery at a range.
They are basically a pointed metal tip that you can screw onto the end of your arrow shafts.

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II) ANATOMY OF ARROW

Picture II) ANATOMY OF ARROW

NOCK – The U-formed part of the arrow which slides over the string. It can be a part of the
shaft, or it can be glued onto or into it. Some nocks have a battery and an LED and are
excellent for night shooting.

FLETCHING – The stabilizing feathers at the back of the arrow. While three feathers are
most common, variants with two, four and six also exist. The feathers can be straight or
curved to one side. The latter gives the arrow a spin and stabilizes its trajectory. Natural
feathers have a better “grip” in the air and ensure a more stable flight.

SHAFT - The main body of the arrow.

BROADHEAD – A flattened tip with sharp edges, designed for cutting and wounding, so that
the prey bleeds quicker and more vital organs are damaged.

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1.3 RULES OF ARCHERY

Figure of 1.3 RULES OF ARCHERY

➔ Know and obey all range commands. (Listen below)

➔ Keep your arrows in your quiver until you are told to shoot.

➔ Only use the arrows the instructor gave you. (Remember what they look like)

➔ Always keep your arrows pointed down or towards the target.

➔ Always walk at the archery range.

➔ Always be sure that the path to the target and beyond is clear.

➔ Only release the bowstring at full draw when there is an arrow on the string.

➔ Secure all loose clothing.

➔ Always treat your archery equipment with respect.

➔ Always treat your fellow archery with respect.

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1.4 SAFETY IN ARCHERY

Figure of 1.4 SAFETY IN ARCHERY

➢ Inspect equipment prior to use

➢ Minimum shooting distance 15 feet ( 4.6 )

➢ Use only S A F E archery equipment

➢ Avoid shooting arrows of hard objects

➢ Don’t shoot while people are down range

➢ Wear eye protection

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 2 . TYPES OF ARCHERY AND BOW

2.1 Types Of Archery

- 2.1.1 Target archery (indoor and outdoor)

Figure of 2.1.1 Target archery (indoor and outdoor)

Target archery is one of the major types of archery mainly featured during the Olympics.
The game can be practiced in both outdoor and indoor; archery is the most common among
others. Target archery appears to be easier to set up outdoors or indoors within any space of
target range. This archery involves its practitioner firing an arrow toward a target that is
stationary and has a goal or bull-eye in the center. There are various types of archery bows
but all van used from recreational activity.Target archery competitions are held for all age
groups, skill levels, and you can usually find one for just about any type of bow, although the
most common bows used for target archery are recurves and compound bows.

Common target sizes and their shooting distances (in brackets) are listed below and the
target size refers to the diameter of the outer or largest ring on the target…

● 40cm (18m Indoor)

● 60cm (25m Indoor)

● 80cm (30m and 50m Outdoor)

● 122cm (70m and 90m Outdoor)

Most common types of bow: Recurve, compound, barebow

Other types of bow: Crossbow

Good for: All skill levels

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 - 2.1.2 Field archery

Figure of 2.1.2 Field archery

Field archery is an outdoorsy version of target archery practised along a course, usually
through woodlands or uneven terrain, where archers find stationary targets setup at different
distances and elevations. This differs from plain target archery as it introduces more
distractions and variables into the shot because archers must shoot uphill and/or downhill at
targets at sometimes unmarked distances with differing wind, light and shade conditions.This
type of archery is very similar to 3D archery but only differs in the use of targets. Paper
targets or Bag targets are mostly.

Most common types of bow: Compound, recurve, barebow

Other types of bow: Crossbow

Good for: All skill levels

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 - 2.1.3 3D archery

Figure of 2.1.3 3D archery

Similar to field archery,the 3D target archery is generally used for outdoor activities, but in
some cases, where the facility appears to be large enough, the game can be played indoors.
Form of archery that uses life-size models of game (hence “3D”) and is popular with hunters
because it recreates a hunting environment for competition.

Most common types of bow: Compound, recurve, barebow / longbow

Other types of bow: Crossbow

Good for: All skill levels

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 - 2.1.4 Mounted archery

Figure of 2.1.4 Mounted archery

Mounted archery is a special type of archery designed specifically for those who love
challenges. It involves shooting at a specific target while galloping on a horse. To be
effective in this act can most times be very daunting because it requires training yourself and
the horse, to get effective.Each target has a specific point that is marked out to signify a
specific value. A winner is identified whenever a participant finishes with some points in the
game.Competitive mounted archery targets do not normally exceed 45m in distance from the
rider.

Most common types of bow: Traditional recurve

Good for: People who like horses and archery

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 - 2.1.5. Ski archery

Figure of 2.1.5 Ski archery

Biathlon combined skiing and shooting from recurve bow instead of a gun. Athletes ski
around a cross-country track and shoot the targets from the two stances: kneeling and
standing. Targets are 18m far and have 16cm in diameter. Skis must never be removed
during competition but can be unfastened while kneeling as long as the foot is in contact with
the ski.Ski archers normally carry their bows around the course on their back (as shown in
the picture).

Most common types of bow: Recurve

Good for: Endurance athletes

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 - 2.1.6 Olympic archery

Figure of 2.1.6 Olympic archery

Olympic archery is target archery over 70m (230 feet) using a 122cm WA (FITA) target for
both women and men and also there are team events, however only the recurve bow type is
allowed. No other style of bow is featured in the Olympics.

Most common types of bow: Recurve only

Good for: Olympians

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 - 2.1.7 Traditional archery

Figure of 2.1.7 Traditional archery

Traditional archery is archery stripped back to basics, no modern accessories and aids
such as stabilisers, or sights and the type of bow used is normally either a modern basic
bow or an old style longbow or flatbow. This type of archery is the most ‘authentic’ and the
closest you can get to archery performed in days of yore. You’ll hear traditional archers call
‘trad’ archers.

When using a traditional style of bow such as a longbow without fitments for a
stabiliser or sight you’d just call this traditional archery, but when a modern bow is
downgraded and all the aids are removed you’d refer to this as a barebow.

Most common types of bow: Traditional, longbow, flatbow

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 - 2.1.8 Kyudo

Figure of 2.1.8 Kyudo

The word Kyudo means “The path of the bow.” Kyudo is a form of martial art that is
focused on the bow. This act of archery is practiced for spiritual and physical development,
its principle is based on Kyujutsu (which means ‘Art of archery’), and it was founded from the
samurai class based in japan. Archers who practice Kyudo use the Yumi bow. The bow is
designed to have an approximate height of 2 meters. The bow can be crafted out of
bamboo, leather, or wood.

Most common types of bow: Yumi

Good For: Seekers of discipline

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2.2 Types Of Bows

- 2.2.1 Recurve bow or classical bow

Figure of 2.2.1 Recurve bow or classical bow

This bow got its name from its shape. The center of the limbs curve towards the archer and
the ends of the limbs curve away from the archer, which makes the bow more powerful.
This design does not require as much strength from the shooter. Recurve bows are great
starting bows for those who want to get started with archery. Novice archers start with a
barebow consisting of bow limbs, a string, an arrow rest, and a riser for balance. As
students become more skilled they can add additional features. There are also a lot of
advance recurve bows for more experienced and competitive archers. The recurve bow is
also known as a traditional bow.

Advantages: This bow offers the widest possibility of practice with leisure, competition,
hunting, target shooting indoors or outdoors.

Disadvantages: A little less adapted for hunting than the compound.

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 - 2.2.2 Traditional bow / Longbow

Figure of 2.2.2 Traditional bow / Longbow

Another traditional bow is the Longbow. Longbows are one of the oldest bows dating back
to 1298. If you are watching a movie with a battlefield scene from before the 16th century,
you are most likely to see this type of bow. It is a very simple bow made of a long curved
piece of wood that is as tall as the archer. It does not have arrow rests or sights. These
bows are harder to aim and do not have the speed of a Compound or Recurve bow. It takes
a lot of practice to master this bow, and it is good for those who enjoy a challenge.

Advantages: Flexibility, lightness, aestheticism.

Disadvantages: Without an aiming aid, it is difficult to control and has a low yield.

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 - 2.2.3 Yumi bow

Figure of 2.2.3 Yumi bow

Yumi bow is a Japanese bow used in Japanese archery also called Kyudo. These bows
were very popular among samurai warriors before the advancement of gunpowder and guns.
The Yumi bow is very tall, normally taller than the archer, and is made from a combination of
bamboo and wood. Nowadays there are three kinds of Yumi bows – a synthetic yumi made
from carbon-fiber and fiberglass, a lacquered bamboo yumi, and a standard authentic
bamboo yumi. The standard bamboo yumi is the one most commonly used today even
though it is more expensive than the other two.

Advantage : The quality of the posture and the gesture is privileged allowing to obtain a
perfect shot.

Disadvantages : Spiritual practice requires a specific outfit.

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 - 2.2.4 Crossbow

Figure of 2.2.4 Crossbow

A crossbow is a bow that is held more like a gun or a rifle. It has a mechanism to allow the
string to be pulled back and latched into place until the trigger is pressed. Crossbow arrows
are normally referred to as ‘Bolts‘ and pulling the trigger on a crossbow will fire the bolt.
There are small variants of the crossbow called the ‘pistol‘ crossbow. They are designed to
be held and fired with one hand and called so because they resemble a pistol. The more
common variant is full sized, held with both hands and the butt is positioned into the
shoulder (like a rifle) when firing.Crossbows can come with recurve or compound limb
arrangements.

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 - 2.2.5 Barebow

Figure of 2.2.5 Barebow

Barebow refers to a bow with no sight, no stabilisers and within a certain unstrung size range
(for competitive purposes). A competitive barebow is usually a modern bow but without any
of the modern aids such as a sight, clicker and stabilizer. The exception to this perhaps
being the addition of weights to the riser in certain models. Someone who shoots a
traditional or modern bow without any aids can be said to be shooting instinctively.

Advantages: Good way to learn all aspects of shooting, strong feeling of the bow instinctive
shooting.

Disadvantages: Need time to master technique and gestures

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 - 2.2.6 Compound bow

Figure of 2.2.6 Compound bow

A compound bow normally has a cam or pulley system at the top of the limbs to aid the
archer when drawing the bow this system multiplies the power stored in the limbs that is
transferred to the string and arrow when released and allows for a more powerful shot with
less effort on the part of the archer, it also makes it easier to hold the string in the drawn
position for long periods.

Compound bows are almost exclusively constructed from man-made materials. This means
that they are less affected by changes in temperature and humidity than bows made of
natural materials, which tend to warp over time. While compound bows provide better
accuracy, distance and arrow velocity, they are typically not used by beginners because of
their inherent complexity.

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3. FUNCTION OF ARCHERY

( 12 Archery Equipment and Its Functions )

Archery is a type of sport or physical activity performed using a bow and arrow. This bow
and arrow itself is primarily used to shoot arrows. The history of archery not many people
know has existed since 5000 years ago. Archery was initially practiced and used as a
hunting method, but later developed as a precision sport.

In archery, not only bows and arrows are needed because this branch of the sport is an
activity with quite a lot of equipment. Not only good archery skills are required, but also
archery equipment or supplies that are able to support the best performance of the archer.
For archery success and in learning archery techniques, the following is a list of essential
equipment to use.

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3.1 BOW ARROWS

An archer or prospective archer must have a bow and arrow which we can also call
the term bow. Why is the bow the main activity in archery? This is because the bow is a
factor used to determine what an arrow looks like.

Bows and arrows must always be compatible because if they are not compatible, then this
can be the trigger for shots that can not be maximized. Even the mismatch between the bow
and the arrow is able to block the shot so that it can not hit the target that has been
determined. There are 2 common and most important types of bows, namely:

§ Recurve bow
§ Single piece bow

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 The community of archers usually uses one or two of these types of bow arrows, but if you
want to choose a bow with good comfort, it is highly recommended to choose a fiberglass
bow. Or at the very least, you can choose to use a laminated bow. Laminated bows mean
bows that have been given a special coating.

When choosing a bow, choose a bow with a level of center shoot accuracy where the bow
would also be good to have the capability of working recurve aliases that can be
disassembled. This type of unloading bow is usually more preferred because it can be stored
more easily. Not only is it easy to store, but we can take it anywhere.

Even a detachable bow will make it easier for the user to replace the device in the event of a
breakdown. So with that, it will be cheaper also when you want to replace the device
because there is no need to replace it completely. That is why, recurve bow is becoming
more popular and in demand than single piece. The devices on the unloading type arrow
bow are, among others.

Grip: this section is the location where the archer can hold the bow.

Riser: this is the main handle of the bow and also where the limb is placed to the other
accessories.

Stabilizer: This is a tool used by archers to regulate the balance of the bow. Not only that,
the other purpose is as a restraint when firing.

Sight: This part is used by archers to get shots with a high level of accuracy.

String groove: This is where the groove or string knitting can be done.

Arrow rest: This part is the location of the arrow rest on the front, generally made of iron or
plastic.

Sight window: This section is an additional alias complementary accessory with the main
function of assisting visually when aiming at a target.

Limb: Archers use this device as a spring energy storage in a bow and fortunately in
modern times the limb on an arrow bow can be disassembled. For local production bows,
the performance is a bit less good if disassembled too often.

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Limb tip string: The main function of this device is as a transfer of energy from the archer's
hand to the limb, and vice versa. Usually, the limb tip string material is from kevlar which is a
synthetic material.

3.2 ARROW

The art of archery is also incomplete if there are no arrows of course. Another term for this
arrow is arrow and this is the arrow that we shoot using a bow and arrow so this sport is
called archery. The existence of this equipment is very mandatory and absolute, although
the types of arrows are different as well as their application.

The following types of arrows may be your consideration if you are interested in the sport of
archery and still do not know which type of arrow would be suitable to use

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(ARROW FIBERGLASS )

If you still belong to beginners, then for archery, you can try to use the type of fiberglass
arrows because this one material is the best choice for beginners. Another advantage in
choosing this type of arrow is because the price is not too high so it is very suitable for those
who just want to learn. Although it lacks flexibility because it does not bend when exposed to
great force, many beginners in the sport of archery are comfortable learning to use it.Too
much force will put a lot of pressure and although not curved, this type of arrow can break.
When archery is just a hobby of leisure time, the choice of fiberglass arrows is highly
recommended. Even its durability has been proven where the condition is more durable than
others. It's just that fiberglass arrows when used for shooting targets can be heavier than
aluminum. Archers who use this type of arrow in terms of control will feel difficulty, especially
when used for archery with long -range shots.

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( ARROW WOOD )

The other most common type of arrow is wood or a type of arrow made of wood. This
type of arrow is one of the easiest to find around us and hunters usually do a lot of archery
activities using arrows made of this wood. Hunting activities in the forest will generally be
more comfortable when using wood.

This arrow is quite common, but this type of one is often used for 1 season only. Wooden
arrows are also number one and even the only one in some countries because those
countries have banned the use of fiberglass and aluminum arrows, especially for hunting
purposes.

Because the main function of wooden arrows is often used as a hunting tool, it is automatic
for archery problems, these arrows are not highly recommended. The quality is somewhat
less when compared to other types of arrows. Even wood materials are not very durable and
easily eaten by termites, especially if storage is not appropriate and in locations with high
humidity levels.

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( ARROW ALUMINIUM )

Other types of arrows are made of aluminum and are the best when compared to
fiberglass and wood. Precisely in archery competitions, this type of aluminum arrow is the
most widely used. Its high flexibility is a plus value for archers to choose this arrow.

For the balancing part in the arrow-feather arrow aka fletching design, there are many
options so that archers can choose according to their tastes. For indoor archers, fletching
made of feathers is the best. Even the material is comfortable and good for use by novice
archers.

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3.3 BOW ROPE

A string or bowstring is further archery equipment or equipment that is just as important

and mandatory as an arrow bow. What does a bow without a bowstring mean? If you are a
beginner archer, just using a string made from Dacron is enough with a serving center where
nylon is the basic material.

Why should the bowstring? Generally, the material of string or bow rope is not very flexible
and in its use there needs to be special techniques performed. Bow rope material is
generally made of nylon monofilament and can make beginner archers uncomfortable
because during use, the fingers will get sore and often become other technical triggers

That is why beginners should not use bow straps of monofilament material, while dacron is
preferred and recommended for beginners because it is quite flexible and lightweight. The
dacron material is guaranteed not to burden the archer, especially when first trying to
archery.

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(Other Equipment in Archery)

Arm guard or hand protection from bowstring shots while shooting. Sling or
equipment commonly used by archers so as not to slip when using a bow.

Gloves or gloves specially for archers will protect the fingers from injury or wounds
during shooting.

String peep or a measure of the straightness of a string.

Pressure buttons or accessories that archers can use to get the maximum level of
flying speed of the arrow.

Nock Locator or accessories that are already a set when buying archery equipment.

Archery bow level or device whose main function is to indicate or check the position
of the bow is vertical or not.

Kisser button or device for feeling the bowstring through the tip of the archer's lip.

Bow sight or accessories for beginners so as not to miss when shooting arrows at
targets. Estimating the direction of the arrow with the help of this tool is very reliable.

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 4. Benefits-how it improves athlete’s performance

-4.1 Improves your focus

Remaining focused during a shot is important for every archer. An archer must focus on their
target, focus on their form, and ignore the distractions around them. By constantly being
focused, it can help you focus and keep calm in high-pressure situations.

-4.2 Improves your hand-eye coordination

Archery trains your hands to aim based on the feedback from your eyes. With continuous
practice and repetition your coordination becomes better. The better coordination an archer
has, the better the aiming.

-4.3 Improves your upper strength

The arms, core, chest, and shoulders are all used when practicing a proper draw. Similar to
lifting weights, an archer usually holds their draw for a couple seconds, which allows for
tension in the muscles. Repetition of this action leads to muscle development.

-4.4 Improves your social skills

Archery can be an individual sport or a team sport. When an archer competes in a

tournament they are usually grouped together with other archers for scoring. Archers can get
to know each other while they walk the course together. Teams are important in archer too.
Working as a team and supporting one another is important for the success of the group.

-4.5 Improves your confidence

Archery provides a boost of self-esteem to archers when they see their mental and physical
skills improving during practice and tournaments.

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5. FITNESS DRILL FOR HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS

Every activity we do needs to start with exercise to avoid minor or severe injuries to our
body. You already know that benefits come when you prioritize physical fitness. The trick is
understanding what, exactly, “fitness” is and how you can go about achieving it. That’s
where the five components of fitness come in.

They five components of fitness are:

❖ Cardiovascular endurance

❖ Muscular strength

❖ Muscular endurance

❖ Flexibility

❖ Body composition

Creating a fitness plan that incorporates each of these elements can help ensure that you
get the most health benefits from your routine.

CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE

● Cardiovascular endurance refers to your body’s ability to efficiently and effectively

intake oxygen and deliver it to your body’s tissues by way of the heart, lungs,
arteries, vessels, and veins. By engaging in regular exercise that challenges your
heart and lungs, you can:

- Maintain or even improve the efficient delivery and uptake of oxygen to your
body’s systems.

- Enhance cellular metabolism.

- Ease the physically challenges of everyday life

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MUSCULAR STRENGTH

● Muscular strength refers to the amount of force a particular muscle group can
produce in one, all-out effort. In strength training terms, it’s your one-rep max.

● Like muscular endurance, muscular strength is muscle group specific. In other

words, you may have incredibly strong glutes, but comparatively weak deltoids or
incredibly strong pectoral muscles, but comparatively weak hamstrings. Therefore a
well-balanced strength training program that targets all your major muscle groups is
so important.

● Consider your goals: the extent to which you train for strength is, again,
determined by your own health and fitness goal

- Use heavier weights with fewer reps, taking your muscles to fatigue with each set.

MUSCULAR ENDURANCE

● Muscular endurance is one of two factors that contribute to overall muscular

health. Think of muscular endurance as a particular muscle group’s ability to
continuously contract against a given resistance.

● For fitness-related goals: become an endurance athlete capable of competing in

sports that require continual muscle contraction, such as obstacle course races, or
cycling, you may want to place a higher focus on training regimens that use-repetition
strength training and sport-specific activity to make you a better athlete.

- Use lighter weights and higher rep counts to increase endurance over time.

FLEXIBILITY

● Flexibility refers to the range of motion you have around a given joint. Like
muscular strength and endurance, flexibility is joint-specific. For instance, you may
have very flexible shoulders, but tight and inflexible hamstrings or hips.
● How to increase flexibility:

- Active stretching, such as lifting your leg up high and holding it there, uses the
contraction of the opposing muscles to relax the muscles being stretched.

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- Isometric stretching, a type of static stretching, uses resistance to alternate between
relaxing and contracting the muscles.

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BODY COMPOSITION

● Body composition or your body’s ratio of fat mass to fat free mass, is the final

6. FITNESS DRILL FOR SKILL RELATED FITNESS

➔ ACCURACY

Perhaps one of the more obvious skills in archery, it is crucial for any archer to have a
certain level of accuracy before shooting an arrow. Accuracy is the ability to shoot the arrow
at a specific spot on a target, for example, to hit the middle ring on a target.

➔ COORDINATION

In archery, a very particular method for shooting an arrow develops for each individual
athlete. Because of this, a certain degree of coordination and balance becomes necessary
for any given shot. An archer must successfully coordinate all aspects of the arrow-shooting
process from the way he picks up the bow to the transfer of energy from the shoulders to the
hands to the arrow itself.

➔ DEPTH PERCEPTION

Depth perception or judgement of distances proves to be one of the most difficult and
important skills in archery. Competition targets can be various distances away, and this is
very important to comprehend and process the physical distance.

➔ DRAWING AND LOADING THE ARROW

Drawing and loading an arrow is one of the first steps in shooting an arrow. It can be more
difficult than it looks and is a vital skill for an archer of any level to have. In this process, the
athlete must be able to align their hands, elbow, shoulders, and neck properly with the bow
and the target.

➔ PRECISION

Precision is a necessary skill when it comes to scoring highly in an archery competition. This
is different from accuracy, however, if an archer has precision, this means they are able to
consistently shoot arrows into one particular spot on a target.

● component of health-related physical fitness.

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Conclusion

In conclusion archery is the most challenging sport and safer nowadays. After a decade, the
archery equipment has been improvised from time to time according to advancement of
technology. However, the main concept of archery still remains the same such as the skills
and technique that need to be applied. According to the research, archery activity involves
muscle movement, from the shoulders to the fingers that can cause potential risk of injuries if
lack of technique or skill set. In archery sport, physical and psychological components, such
as muscular arm endurance, kinaesthetic perceptions and anxiety, have a significant role for
archer player performance, especially in terms of improving archery performance.

Hence, this type of sport consists of physical activity performed using a bow and arrow.
Referring to previous study and research, there are two (2) common and most important
types of bows namely as recurve and single piece that are normally being used by athletes
of archery. Generally, there are a few types of arrows such as arrow fiberglass, arrow wood,
and arrow aluminium.

From this point, archery had several rules that must be obeyed by the player by ensuring the
pointing be targeted very well. For example, always be sure that the path to the target and
beyond is clear and keep the arrows in the quiver until you are told to shoot. Archery is not a
heavily strategic game. In fact, the most important thing in archery is to have a good
technique, to stay calm and hit the target perfectly.

Based on the results of safety in archery sport, several safety measures have been listed
such as inspection of equipment before using, specific distance before shooting, wearing
eye protection and obviously no horseplay or avoiding shooting arrows of hard objects as
well.

In fact, the sport of archery requires precision, control, focus, physical ability and
determination. To gain a better result, the training should be taken daily whether practices
indoors or outdoors. The strong muscles and active mind coordination may boost energy
levels and increase blood flow which improves overall health and well-being.

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References

- https://archershub.com/archery-101-the-11-types-of-archery-explained-for-beginners/
- https://targetcrazy.com/archery/resources/types-of-archery/
- http://www.historyofarchery.com/archery-types/types-of-archery/
- https://rangerexpert.com/different-archery-types/

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