ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT

1. When using any instrument for measurement or testing an electrical circuit, your ________ should
be considered first

- personal safety

2. The resolution of an indicating instrument is

- the smallest change in applied stimulus that will indicate a detectable change in

deflection

3. What should be the accuracy classes of industrial measuring instruments?

- Accuracy classes 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 and 5

4. What is the purpose of providing a mirror behind the pointer in measuring instruments?

- Reading errors due to inclined observation are eliminated by removing parallax

between the pointer and its image in the mirror

5. Which of the following statements about the internal resistance of measuring instruments is true?

- The internal resistance of ammeters should be very small and that of voltmeters very high

6. Meter accuracy is determined by

- full-scale deflection

7. The reliability of an instrument means

- degree to which repeatability continues to remain with specific limits

8. Threshold of sensitivity with respect to instruments is

- the smallest signal that results in a detectable output

9. Sensitivity inaccuracy of a recording instrument means

- the maximum error in sensitivity displayed by a pen

10. On which of the following factors the sensitivity inaccuracy of an instrument does not depend?

- hysteresis or dead bond, amplitude distortion, frequency response

11. Damping provides

- braking action on a meter pointer

12. In moving-coil meters, damping is provided by

- the aluminum frame

13. Moving coil instruments are used

- in dc circuits only

14. To reduce the effect of a voltmeter upon the circuit under test, we should
- get an instrument with a higher internal resistance

15. To increase the range of a voltmeter

- a high resistance is connected in series

16. What is the function of the zero-adjust control in a multimeter?

- The zero point is corrected with the help of this control.

17. If moving-iron type ammeter is connected to a circuit, and we interchange its connection, then

- its reading will not change

18. Which of the following damping methods is common in moving coil instruments?

- eddy-current damping

19. The main reason for using springs in a measuring instrument is

- to control the pointer movement

20. A moving-iron type instrument has

- a nonlinear scale

21. In moving-coil instruments, the scale used is

- linear scale

22. Two meters X and Y require 40 mA and 50 mA, respectively, to give full scale deflection, then

- X is more sensitive

D. sensitivity cannot be judged with the given information

23. The function of a shunt in an ammeter is to

- bypass the current

24. The shunt resistance in an ammeter is usually

- less than meter resistance

25. External shunts are generally used for measuring currents greater than about

- 30 A

26. If the approximate value of the current to be measured is not known, measurement should start
on

- the highest range and then increase the range

27. Sensitivity of a voltmeter is expressed as

- Ohms/Volt

28. A low voltage is measured on a higher scale of a voltmeter. The measurement would have

- low accuracy, low resolution, low precision

29. The disadvantage associated with an electrodynamic instrument is that

- it consumes more power, it has low torque to weight ratio, its frequency range is low

30. An electrodynamic meter can be used to measure

- dc as well as ac voltage

31. Megger is an instrument to measure

- insulation resistance

32. Megger essentially is a

- megohmmeter

33. Megger in its operation is based upon

- moving-coil meter

34. Which of the following equipment is not a part of megger?

- a coil of high inductance

35. The number of coils in the meter of megger is

- two

36. With the measurement terminals open-circuited, the ‘infinity’ reading of megger is due to

- current in the coil is connected across the measurement points

37. A multimeter consists of

- voltmeter, current meter and ohmmeter

38. A VTVM is more reliable as compared to multimeter for measuring the voltage across low
impedance because

- its sensitivity is very high, if offers high input impedance, it does not alter the measured voltage

39. The simplest and most convenient form of detector used in a Wheatstone bridge for audio
frequency range is

- pair of headphones

40. Inductance is measured in terms of capacitance and resistance by

- Anderson bridge

41. Carey-Foster bridge is specially designed to determine.

- the difference between two nearly equal resistances

42. Schering bridge can be used to measure

- capacitance and its power factor

43. Which of the following bridges is used to measure inductance of the high Q-inductor?

- Hay bridge
44. Which of the following bridge is used to measure inductance of a low Q-inductor?

- Maxwell bridge

45. The potentiometer wire should have

- high specific resistance and low temperature coefficient

46. Sensitivity of a potentiometer can be increased by

- increasing the length of potentiometer wire

47. The cell is used in a potentiometer is

- a Lead accumulator

48. Induction type single-phase energy meter is

- true watt-hour meter

49. A wattmeter can measure

- ac as well as dc power

CIRCUIT BREAKERS
1. The function of protective relay in a circuit breaker is

- to close the contacts when the actuating quantity reaches a certain predetermined value

2. Low voltage circuit breakers have rated voltages of less than

- 1000 V

3. A relay in which the measurement is performed by a stationary circuit and which has no moving
parts is known as

- Static relay

4. When a H.V. ac circuit breaker is tested for endurance, it is tested for at least

- 1000 opening-closing operations

5. For high voltage ac circuit breakers, the rated short circuit current is passed for

- 3 sec

6. Which of the following is not a type of contactor for circuit breakers?

- vacuum

7. Interrupting medium in a contactor may be

- air, oil, SF6 gas

8. In air blast circuit breakers, the pressure of air is of the order of

- 20 to 30 kg/cm2

9. SF6 gas

- has density 5 times as compared to that of air

10. The pressure of SF6 gas in circuit breakers is of the order of

- 3 to 5 kg/cm2

11. While selecting a gas for circuit breaker, the property of gas that should be considered is

- A. high dielectric strength B. non-inflammability C. non-toxicity D. none of the above

12. Out of the following circuit breakers, which one has the lowest voltage range?

- air-break circuit breaker

13. Which of the following circuit breaker can be installed on 400 kV line

- Air blast circuit breaker

14. In a HRC fuse the time between cut-off and final current zero, is known as

- arcing time

15. Fusing factor for HRC fuse is

- Minimum fusing current / Current rating

16. The insulation resistance of high voltage electric circuit breaker is

- 2000 Mega ohms

17. There is definite objection to use of which of the following medium for extinguishing the arc in
case of a circuit breaker?

- Water

18. In a circuit breaker if the insulation resistance between phase terminal earthed frame is less than
the specified limit, the probable cause could be

- moisture, dirty insulation surface, carbon or copper particle sticking to the internal surface

19. The transient voltage that appears across the contacts at the instant of arc extinction is called

- restriking voltage

20. In a circuit breaker the active recovery voltage depends upon

- power factor, armature reaction, circuit conditions

21. Best protection is provided by HRC fuse in case of

- Short circuits

22. A fuse wire possesses

- inverse time characteristics

23. A relay used for protection of motors against overload is

- Thermal relay

24. Fuse protection is used for current ratings up to

- 100 A

25. The fuse current in ampere is related with fuse wire diameter D as

- 1 αD^3/2

26. A fuse wire should have

- high specific resistance and low melting point

27. Fuse wire protection system is usually used beyond

- 100 A

28. For extra high voltage lines which circuit breaker is preferred

- Minimum oil circuit breaker

29. The number of cycles in which a high-speed circuit breaker can complete its operation is

- 3 to 8

30. A material best suited for manufacturing of fuse wire is

- Silver
31. In a circuit breaker, the current which exists at the instant of contact separation is known as

- breaking current

32. A Merz-Price protection is suitable for

- alternators

33. ‘Kick fuse’ has

- inverse characteristics

34. Air-blast breakers for 400 kV power systems are designed to operate in

- 50 milliseconds

35. Breaking capacity of a circuit breaker is usually expressed in terms of

- MVA

36. Which of the following equations correctly represents the relation between contact resistance r
and the applied force F?

- r= kF^n

37. As the force on contact is increased, the contact resistance will

- decrease

38. The heat produced at the contact point, due to passage of current, will least depend on

- temperature of the surrounding medium

39. Minimum arcing voltage for platinum is 16 V. It can be therefore concluded that when the
voltage is below 16V

- it will be possible to interrupt any value of current without arcing

40. Which of the following is not the method of arc dispersion?

- use of rectifiers

41. Which of the following contact point metals has the highest melting point?

- Gold

42. The arc voltage produced in the circuit breaker is always

- in phase with arc current

43. Sparking between contacts can be reduced by

- inserting a capacitor in parallel with the contacts

44. For magnetic blow out of arc the magnetic field is produced

- at right angle to the axis of the arc

45. Sparking occurs when a load is switched off because the circuit has

- high inductance
46. For the same current, which of the following fuse wires will have the least fusing time?

- 24 SWG TIN – 5 A

47. An automatic device that operates at present value is known as

- relay

48. The basic function of a circuit breaker is to

- extinguish the arc

49. The power factor of arc in the circuit breaker is

- always unity

50. Flame proof switch gears are usually preferred

- in mines

51. Air is used in air-blast circuit breaker

- A. must have least carbon dioxide B. must be ionized C. must be free from moisture D. none of
these

52. In a circuit breaker the time duration from the instant of fault to the instant of energizing of the
trip coil is known as

- protection time

53. In a circuit breaker the time duration from the instant of the fault to the extinction of arc is
known as

- total clearing time

54. In a circuit breaker the time duration from the instant of fault to the instant of closing of contact
is known as

- reclosing time

55. For high-speed circuit breaker the total clearing time is nearly

- 1 to 2 cycles

56. If the power is zero, the active recovery voltage will be

- maximum

57. A circuit breaker will normally operate

- whenever fault in the line occurs

58. Which of the following circuit breaker will produce the least arc energy?

- air blast circuit breaker

59. The breaking capacity of a circuit breaker in MVA (3 phase) is given by

- √3 x rated service voltage x rated symmetrical current

60. Which relay is used for feeders?

- Translay relay

61. Which of the following relays is used in transformers?

- Buchholz relay

62. MHO relay is used for

- transmission lines

63. Merz-Price protection is used on

- substations

64. The value of the fault current depend on

- voltage at the faulty point, total impedance up to the fault

65. The advantage of the neutral earthing is

- simplified design of earth fault protection, over-voltages due to the lightening can be discharges
to the earth, freedom from persistent arcing grounds

66. The over voltage surges in power system may be caused by

- lightening, switching, resonance

67. The protection against the over-voltage due to the lightning is provided by

- use of surge diverters, low tower footing resistance, use of overhead ground wires

68. Which of the following is a conducting medium for electric current?

- Plasma

69. In circuit breakers the contact space is ionized by

- thermal ionization of gas, thermal emission from surface contacts, field emission from the
surface contacts

70. Which of the following are air-break switching devices?

- Isolator, Limit switch, Earthing switch

71. Which of the following is the deremit of SF6 circuit breakers?

- Sealing problem of gas, In flux of moisture in the gas system is dangerous, Deterioration of
quality of circuit breaker affects reliability of circuit breakers

72. A fuse is normally a

- current limiting device

73. Normally the fuse elements are in parts which are connected in the middle by tin bridge. The
melting point of tin bridge is

-230 °C
74. The material used for bus bars should have

- low resistivity, higher softening temperature, low cost

75. Which of the following is not valid in case of aluminum as compared to copper? Aluminum is
higher

- tensile strength

76. Over current protection for motor is provided by

- over current relay

77. Fuse in motor circuits provides

- short-circuit protection

78. In which method of starting a motor, the starting current is the maximum?

- Direct-on-line

79. Over voltage transients may occur due to

- lightening, switching, arcing grounds

80. Switching surges may be caused by

- closing of the unchanged line, load shedding or receiving end of line, switching of magnetizing
current

81. The disadvantages offered by underground system is

- frequent arcing grounds, difficult earth fault relaying, voltage oscillations

82. Solid grounding is used for voltages

- below 660 V

83. Switching over voltages are more hazardous than lightening surges in case of

- EHV and UHV systems

84. Current limiting reactors may be

- air cooled, air cored, oil immersed magnetically shielded, oil immersed non-magnetically shielded

85. Series reactors are installed at strategic locations of the power systems to

- bring down the fault level within the capacity of the switchgear