May 11th, Thursday 2023 Lesson (teacher is away so this is the class work)

Questions to answer: (answers in red)

1. What is the natural greenhouse effect?

The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the
Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an
atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable
place to live Great

2. What is the role of short and long-wave radiation?

Sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by Earth's
surface. This warms Earth's surface, and then Earth radiates some of this energy (as
infrared, or longwave radiation) back towards space. Correct - important to reference the
short and long wave radiation which you have done.

3. What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

The enhanced greenhouse effect is where extra greenhouse gases in our atmosphere trap
too much of the Sun's energy. This causes a warming effect, which some people call global
warming(or climate change). Measurements and models show clearly that warming is mostly
caused by greenhouse gases produced by humans.

4. How do greenhouse gases contribute to the EGE?

Common greenhouse gases:
- carbon dioxide
- Methane
- nitrous oxide
- hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
- hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
- ozone in the lower atmosphere.

These greenhouse gases are primarily due to human activities such as the burning of fossil
fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), agriculture, and land clearing. These activities increase the
amount of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
5. What anthropogenic factors are enhancing the GE?
DEFINITION: Anthropogenic=Scientists use the word “anthropogenic” in referring to
environmental change caused or influenced by people, either directly or indirectly.

Human factors increasing GE

- Burning fossil fuels
- cutting down forests
- farming livestock

Natural factors increasing GE

- variations in the sun's output
- volcanic activity
 - the Earth's orbit
- the carbon cycle,

6. What evidence exists to support this?

Fossil fuels = When fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide, a
greenhouse gas, into the air. Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere, causing global
warming. Already the average global temperature has increased by 1C.

Cutting down forests= When deforestation occurs, much of the carbon stored by trees is
released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, which contributes to climate change.

Farming livestock=Animal agriculture produces 65% of the world's nitrous oxide emissions
which has a global warming impact 296 times greater than carbon dioxide. Raising livestock
for human consumption generates nearly 15% of total global greenhouse gas emissions,
which is greater than all the transportation emissions combined.

Carbon cycle=Carbon dioxide molecules provide the initial greenhouse heating needed to
maintain water vapour concentrations. When carbon dioxide concentrations drop, Earth
cools, some water vapour falls out of the atmosphere, and the greenhouse warming caused
by water vapour drops.

MCQ Practise:

Document of questions

My answers: [CORRECTIONS DONE IN BLUE]

1. C A
2. C √
3. D (x=respiration, y=combustion therefore D) √
4. D √
5a)Compare and contrast the mode of nutrition of detritivores and saprotrophs.

Detrivores Saprotrophs

Similarities Both consume non-living organic matter√

Difference INGESTS INTERNALLY EXTERNAL DIGESTION on

non-living matter √ non-living matter by
secreting digestive enzymes
and absorbing the products√
5b)
Draw a food chain from this food web, showing at least three organisms.
Chosen food chain to write out:
Plant roots→ Nematodes(root feeders) → Small soil anthropods → Field moss√
5c)Explain the reasons for food chains rarely containing more than four or five trophic
levels. [3 marks]
Food chains never have more than 4-5 trophic levels because between each trophic level,
about 90% of the energy is lost and only 10% is transferred to the next trophic level. This is
because energy is lost as heat, used for respiration or used to build muscles and tissues in
the organism. Therefore, if there were more than 4-5 trophic levels there would not be
enough energy to transfer to further trophic levels.√√√

5d)The amount of food passing into food chains can be affected by the rate of
photosynthesis. Explain the effect of one limiting factor on photosynthesis.[3 mark]

Temperature is one of the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis. As temperature increases

reaction rate will increase, as reactants have greater kinetic energy and more collisions
result. Above a certain temperature, the rate of photosynthesis will decrease as essential
enzymes begin to denature

√√√(included graph is +1 mark)

Graph to show temperature vs rate of reaction in photosynthesis (source: bioninja)

5e) State one cause of variation in a plant such as the tomato.

The size mutations

6a)State one process that results in the loss of carbon dioxide from a marine organism such
as a crustacean or a jellyfish.

Aerobic respiration √(important to include the word aerobic respiration)

6b)The crustacean and the jellyfish obtain carbon compounds by feeding. State one source
of carbon for marine organisms, other than feeding.

Photosynthesis √

6c) Explain how energy enters, flows through and is lost from marine food chains.

1. Light energy is converted into chemical energy by photosynthesis

 2. Chemical energy flows by means of feeding/through the food chan or web
3. Only approx 10% is transferred at each next trophic level (90% lost)
4. Energy released as heat (respiration)
5. Energy cannot be recycled.
6. After death, energy may remain trapped as undigested detritus /fossil/fossil fuels
√√√
6d) Deduce whether jellyfish or crustacea are a richer source of carbon in a food chain.

Crustacean because they have a higher carbon per unit volume. √

6e) Suggest with a reason whether having a large body mass is an advantage or
disadvantage for jellyfish.

Advantage because there is the ability to catch and eat large prey √√

7) A C

8) D C