END OF CHAPTER

WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY
NAGULAN VEGNESWARAN
02DAD22F1101
 Gears
Chapter 5 (A)
What is gear?
Gears is a wheel provided with teeth which mesh with the teeth on another wheel and used
to transmit power.
Types of gears
1. Spur gear-Used to transmit power between two parallel shafts.
2. Internal gear-A gear that having teeth on the inner surface of it rim.

3. Helical Gear- This gear have teeth which twisted oblique to the gear axis.

4. Rack and Pinion- Rack and pinion is rotary motion is converted into linear motion or vice versa.

5. Bevel Gears- Bevel gear sets are used with intersecting shaft.

6. Miter Gears- A type of bevel gear where the shaft intersect at 90degree. The ratio of gear is 1:1.

7. Screw Gears- A gear that transmits power from one shaft to another,parallel nonintersecting shaft.
8. Worm gears- A type of spiral gear, in which the axes of two gears do not intersect.

Gear terminology

Part of spur gear

1. Addendum- radial distance between the pitch circle and the outside diameter.
2. Dedendum- radial distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth space.
3. Pitch diameter- the diameter of the pitch circle.

4. Pitch circle- circle through the pitch point having its centre at the axis of the gear.

5. Face width- the width of the pitch surface.

6. Top land- surface of the pitch cylinder.

7. Root-bottom of the tooth surface.
Metric gear calculation

TO FIND SYMBOL FORMULA

Pitch Diameter PD PD=N/DP

Diametral Pitch DP DP=N/PD
Number of teeth N N=PD/M
Module M M=PD/N
Circular Pitch CP 𝐶𝑃 = 𝑀 × 𝜋
Addendum A A=M
Outside Diameter OD 𝑂𝐷 = (𝑁 + 2) × 𝑀
Dedendum D 𝐷 = 𝑀 × 1.166
Whole depth WD 𝑊𝐷 = 𝑀 × 2.166
Chordal thickness CT CT=(M × 𝜋)/2

Gear Tooth Vernier Calliper is used to measure the thickness of gear tooth on the pitch
circle.
Chordal thickness measurement

Find the width (w) Find the depth (h)

M= module M= module
N=number of teeth N=number of teeth
X=90/N X=90/N
W=2 AB

W=NM sinX H=MN/2[1+2/N-cosX]

Measurement over pin

Over pin (ball) measurement is a type of gear tooth thickness measurement method,
along with chordal tooth thickness measurement and span measurement of teeth.
The indexing/ dividing head
It is the part attachment for milling machine .Indexing head used to divide circumference of workpiece
into equally spaced division when milling gear teeth.

Types of indexing used for making a spur gear :

1. Direct indexing

For direct indexing, a dividing head must have index plate directly fitted on the spindle.(avoiding
worm and worm wheel)

2. Simple indexing

The indexing is carried out using any of the indexing plates in conjunction with worm. Worm
attached to crank must be engaged with worm wheel on diving head spindle.
B) Constructing code to cut components by using absolute coordinates,G90.

a) b)

N10 G90 N10 G90

PI N15 G01 X0 Y10 PI N15 G01 X0 Y0
P2 N20 X35 Y10 P2 N20 X0 Y80
P3 N25 X35 Y25 P3 N25 X10 Y90
P4 N30 X65 Y25 P4 N30 X20 Y80
P5 N35 X65 Y10 P5 N35 X90 Y80
P6 N40 X100 Y10 P6 N40 X100 Y70
P7 N45 X100 Y0 P7 N45 X100 Y0
P8 N50 X0 Y0 P8 N50 X0 Y0
N55 M02 N55 M02

C) Constructing code to cut components by using incremental coordinates,G91.

a) b)

N10 G91 N10 G91

PI N15 G01 X20 Y0 PI N15 G01 Y25 Y25
P2 N20 X-20 Y50 P2 N20 X50 Y200
P3 N25 X20 Y50 P3 N25 X0 Y-150
P4 N30 X100 Y0 P4 N30 X50 Y-50
P5 N35 X20 Y-50 P5 N35 X-125 Y-25
P6 N40 X-20 Y-50 P6 N40 M02
P7 N45 X-120 Y0
N50 M02
GEARS SHORT NOTES