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Iron Ore Fines Production Capacity at Target Capacity

1.0 Initial Operation Conditions


Magnetite density 5.20 T/m3
Marine sands density 1.70 T/m3
Seawater density 1.03 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.05 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.33 T/m3

Raw feed rate (Heads) 4,000.00 cmh


Initial solids concentration 30% [-]
Raw feed grade, %Fe 10% [-]
Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day


Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]

2.0 Gravimetric ratio - Fe3O4 : Fe 1.38 [-]


At raw feed %Fe grade of 10%, the %Fe3O4 is 13.82% [-]
The marine sands is 86.18% [-]

Adjusted magne-sand density 2.18 T/m3


Adjusted raw feed density 1.37 T/m3
Raw solids after separation, as volume 864.00 cmh
as weight 1,886.72 T/h

Magnetite (Fe3O4) volume 260.75 T/h


Marine sands volume 1,625.97 T/h

Concentrate volume, as Fe content 188.67 T/h


Tailings, at Fe3O4 72.07 T/h
Tailings, at marine sands 1,625.97 T/h
Primary total 1,886.72 T/h

Final concentrate volume, at 63% grade, 100% recovery 299.48 T/h


at 50% recovery rate 149.74 T/h
per day 2,395.83 T/d
per month 62,291.70 T/mo

3.0 For other feed Fe grade


Raw solids, Concentrate Fe Final concentrate,
%Fe %Fe3O4 %Sand
as weight, T/h content, T/h at 50%, T/mo
5% 6.91% 93.09% 1,677.76 83.89 27,696.35
6% 8.29% 91.71% 1,719.55 103.17 34,063.50
8% 11.06% 88.94% 1,803.14 144.25 47,625.68
10% 13.82% 86.18% 1,886.72 188.67 62,291.70
12% 16.58% 83.42% 1,970.30 236.44 78,061.56
15% 20.73% 79.27% 2,095.68 314.35 103,786.04

Technical Pump Review Pages 1/5


Summary of Pumps Available Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Iron Ore Fines Production Capacity at Canata Rated Pump

1.0 Initial Operation Conditions


Magnetite density 5.20 T/m3
Marine sands density 1.70 T/m3
Seawater density 1.03 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.05 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.33 T/m3

Raw feed rate (Heads) 2,200.00 cmh


Initial solids concentration 30% [-]
Raw feed grade, %Fe 10% [-]
Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day


Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]

2.0 Gravimetric ratio - Fe3O4 : Fe 1.38 [-]


At raw feed %Fe grade of 10%, the %Fe3O4 is 13.82% [-]
The marine sands is 86.18% [-]

Adjusted magne-sand density 2.18 T/m3


Adjusted raw feed density 1.37 T/m3
Raw solids after separation, as volume 475.20 cmh
as weight 1,037.70 T/h

Magnetite (Fe3O4) volume 143.41 T/h


Marine sands volume 894.29 T/h

Concentrate volume, as Fe content 103.77 T/h


Tailings, at Fe3O4 39.64 T/h
Tailings, at marine sands 894.29 T/h
Primary total 1,037.70 T/h

Final concentrate volume, at 63% grade, 100% recovery 164.71 T/h


at 50% recovery rate 82.36 T/h
per day 1,317.71 T/d
per month 34,260.44 T/mo

3.0 For other feed Fe grade


Raw solids, Concentrate Fe Final concentrate,
%Fe %Fe3O5 %Sand
as weight, T/h content, T/h at 50%, T/mo
5% 6.91% 93.09% 922.77 46.14 15,232.99
6% 8.29% 91.71% 945.75 56.75 18,734.93
8% 11.06% 88.94% 991.72 79.34 26,194.13
10% 13.82% 86.18% 1,037.70 103.77 34,260.44
12% 16.58% 83.42% 1,083.67 130.04 42,933.86
15% 20.73% 79.27% 1,152.62 172.89 57,082.32

Technical Pump Review Pages 2/5


Summary of Pumps Available Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Iron Ore Fines Production Capacity at Taian Rated Pump

1.0 Initial Operation Conditions


Magnetite density 5.20 T/m3
Marine sands density 1.70 T/m3
Seawater density 1.03 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.05 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.33 T/m3

Raw feed rate (Heads) 1,000.00 cmh


Initial solids concentration 30% [-]
Raw feed grade, %Fe 10% [-]
Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day


Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]

2.0 Gravimetric ratio - Fe3O4 : Fe 1.38 [-]


At raw feed %Fe grade of 10%, the %Fe3O4 is 13.82% [-]
The marine sands is 86.18% [-]

Adjusted magne-sand density 2.18 T/m3


Adjusted raw feed density 1.37 T/m3
Raw solids after separation, as volume 216.00 cmh
as weight 471.68 T/h

Magnetite (Fe3O4) volume 65.19 T/h


Marine sands volume 406.49 T/h

Concentrate volume, as Fe content 47.17 T/h


Tailings, at Fe3O4 18.02 T/h
Tailings, at marine sands 406.49 T/h
Primary total 471.68 T/h

Final concentrate volume, at 63% grade, 100% recovery 74.87 T/h


at 50% recovery rate 37.43 T/h
per day 598.96 T/d
per month 15,572.93 T/mo

3.0 For other feed Fe grade


Raw solids, Concentrate Fe Final concentrate,
%Fe %Fe3O6 %Sand
as weight, T/h content, T/h at 50%, T/mo
5% 6.91% 93.09% 419.44 20.97 6,924.09
6% 8.29% 91.71% 429.89 25.79 8,515.88
8% 11.06% 88.94% 450.78 36.06 11,906.42
10% 13.82% 86.18% 471.68 47.17 15,572.93
12% 16.58% 83.42% 492.58 59.11 19,515.39
15% 20.73% 79.27% 523.92 78.59 25,946.51

Technical Pump Review Pages 3/5


Summary of Pumps Available Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Iron Ore Fines Production Capacity at Dragflow Rated Pump

1.0 Initial Operation Conditions


Magnetite density 5.20 T/m3
Marine sands density 1.70 T/m3
Seawater density 1.03 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.05 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.33 T/m3

Raw feed rate (Heads) 2,000.00 cmh


Initial solids concentration 30% [-]
Raw feed grade, %Fe 10% [-]
Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day


Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]

2.0 Gravimetric ratio - Fe3O4 : Fe 1.38 [-]


At raw feed %Fe grade of 10%, the %Fe3O4 is 13.82% [-]
The marine sands is 86.18% [-]

Adjusted magne-sand density 2.18 T/m3


Adjusted raw feed density 1.37 T/m3
Raw solids after separation, as volume 432.00 cmh
as weight 943.37 T/h

Magnetite (Fe3O4) volume 130.38 T/h


Marine sands volume 812.99 T/h

Concentrate volume, as Fe content 94.34 T/h


Tailings, at Fe3O5 36.05 T/h
Tailings, at marine sands 812.99 T/h
Primary total 943.37 T/h

Final concentrate volume, at 63% grade, 100% recovery 149.74 T/h


at 50% recovery rate 74.87 T/h
per day 1,197.93 T/d
per month 31,146.30 T/mo

3.0 For other feed Fe grade


Raw solids, Concentrate Fe Final concentrate,
%Fe %Fe3O7 %Sand
as weight, T/h content, T/h at 50%, T/mo
5% 6.91% 93.09% 838.88 41.94 13,848.18
6% 8.29% 91.71% 859.78 51.59 17,031.75
8% 11.06% 88.94% 901.57 72.13 23,812.84
10% 13.82% 86.18% 943.36 94.34 31,145.85
12% 16.58% 83.42% 985.15 118.22 39,030.78
15% 20.73% 79.27% 1,047.84 157.18 51,893.02

Technical Pump Review Pages 4/5


Summary of Pumps Available Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Iron Ore Fines Production Capacity at Canata Rated Pump

1.0 Initial Operation Conditions


Magnetite density 5.20 T/m3
Marine sands density 1.70 T/m3
Seawater density 1.03 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.05 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.33 T/m3

Raw feed rate (Heads) 2,200.00 cmh


Initial solids concentration 30% [-]
Raw feed grade, %Fe 10% [-]
Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day


Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]

2.0 Gravimetric ratio - Fe3O4 : Fe 1.38 [-]


At raw feed %Fe grade of 10%, the %Fe3O4 is 13.82% [-]
The marine sands is 86.18% [-]

Adjusted magne-sand density 2.18 T/m3


Adjusted raw feed density 1.37 T/m3
Raw solids after separation, as volume 475.20 cmh
as weight 1,037.71 T/h

Magnetite (Fe3O4) volume 143.42 T/h


Marine sands volume 894.29 T/h

Concentrate volume, as Fe content 103.77 T/h


Tailings, at Fe3O6 39.65 T/h
Tailings, at marine sands 894.29 T/h
Primary total 1,037.71 T/h

Final concentrate volume, at 63% grade, 100% recovery 164.72 T/h


at 50% recovery rate 82.36 T/h
per day 1,317.73 T/d
per month 34,260.93 T/mo

3.0 For other feed Fe grade


Raw solids, Concentrate Fe Final concentrate,
%Fe %Fe3O8 %Sand
as weight, T/h content, T/h at 50%, T/mo
5% 6.91% 93.09% 922.77 46.14 15,232.99
6% 8.29% 91.71% 945.75 56.75 18,734.93
8% 11.06% 88.94% 991.72 79.34 26,194.13
10% 13.82% 86.18% 1,037.70 103.77 34,260.44
12% 16.58% 83.42% 1,083.67 130.04 42,933.86
15% 20.73% 79.27% 1,152.62 172.89 57,082.32

Technical Pump Review Pages 5/5


Summary of Pumps Available Revision 00
Actual Pump Selected, at water rated
ZJQ1000-78-400

1.0 Main dredge pump specifications


Head Capacity Power Efficiency Speed Volt/Phase/Frequency
m cmh kW % rpm V/P/Hz
78.00 1,000.00 400.00 67 1,170.00 440/3P/60

2.0 Main dredge pump curve


Flow, cmh Head, m Efficiency Power, kW Theo. Power, kW
73 93.00 9.3% 191.70 198.93
275 90.00 31.3% 218.70 215.48
378 88.70 40.0% 229.50 228.41
519 87.00 48.7% 249.70 252.65
604 86.00 54.0% 251.10 262.12
714 85.00 60.0% 261.90 275.63
854 81.00 64.0% 297.00 294.53
976 79.00 66.3% 313.20 316.91
999 77.90 66.9% 317.60 316.99
1,055 75.80 66.7% 324.00 326.71
1,159 71.00 66.0% 342.90 339.75
1,244 68.00 64.7% 351.00 356.28
1,421 60.00 60.0% 369.90 387.22
1,458 53.50 54.0% 386.10 393.63
1,507 45.00 46.7% 391.50 395.71

100 80.0%
Head, m
90 Efficiency, % 70.0%
80
60.0%
70
50.0%
60

50 40.0%

40
30.0%
30
20.0%
20
10.0%
10

0 0.0%
500

400

300

200

100 Curve Power, kW

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Technical Pump Review Pages 1/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
3.0 Main dredge pump curve, slurry corrected flow 0.95
Flow, cmh Head, m Efficiency Power, kW Theo. Power, kW
69 83.93 9.3% 164.36 170.55
261 81.23 31.3% 187.51 184.74
359 80.05 40.0% 196.77 195.84
493 78.52 48.7% 214.09 216.62
574 77.62 54.0% 215.29 224.74
678 76.71 60.0% 224.55 236.32
811 73.10 64.0% 254.64 252.52
927 71.30 66.3% 268.53 271.71
949 70.30 66.9% 272.30 271.78
1,002 68.41 66.7% 277.79 280.11
1,101 64.08 66.0% 293.99 291.30
1,182 61.37 64.7% 300.94 305.47
1,350 54.15 60.0% 317.14 331.99
1,385 48.28 54.0% 331.03 337.49
1,432 40.61 46.7% 335.66 339.27

90 80.0%
Head, m
80 Efficiency, %
70.0%

70
60.0%

60
50.0%
50
40.0%
40
30.0%
30

20.0%
20

10 10.0%

0 0.0%

400
350
300
250
200
150
100 Curve Power, kW
50 Corrected Power, kW
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Technical Pump Review Pages 2/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
4.0 Pump curve modeling parameters for the backward-fitting process are as follows:
Water rated
a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Q-h -1.01E-13 3.73E-10 -5.09E-07 0.000299321362 -0.082162409600 97.782896002712
Q-n -7.27E-16 2.45E-12 -2.88E-09 0.000000809194 0.000990610091 0.019337324776
Q-p 3.17E-13 -1.30E-09 1.90E-06 -0.001168168266 0.396568345974 167.782441240840

Slurry corrected
a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Q-h -1.18E-13 4.13E-10 -5.36E-07 0.000299321362 -0.078054289120 88.249063642448
Q-n -9.39E-16 3.01E-12 -3.36E-09 0.000000896614 0.001042747465 0.019337324776
Q-p 3.51E-13 -1.37E-09 1.90E-06 -0.001109759853 0.357902932241 143.852470558865

5.0 The pump selections A to E should be adjusted according to the actual curve of the main dredge pump,
The following backward-fitting process was coded to MS Excel allows the initial conditions to be fitted
along the pump curve.

Backward fit calculate the


Check initial calculated
Start equivalent flow (qi) from
flow (q0) and head (h0)
initial head (h0)

Print curve flow (qi) and Yes Is q0


End head (h0)
= qi?

Recalculate head loss


calculation with new flow
equivalent (qi)

Print curve flow (qn) and


Store new head loss as
head (hi) Store qi = qn
new head (hn)

Yes Backward fit calculate the


Is qi =
new flow equivalent (qn)
qn?
from new head (hn)

Technical Pump Review Pages 3/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Pump Selection Calculations
Selection A

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.072 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.339 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 70.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 30.00 m
Total depth from the header 115.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 140.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 100 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3391 )) 23.46 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 7.95 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
500 0.02233 1.9649 2.05
1,000 0.02164 3.9298 7.95
1,250 0.02150 4.9122 12.34
1,400 0.02143 5.5017 15.43

4. Slurry friction loss 8.41 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.47 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 4/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.25 m3/s
882.90 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 11.71% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Retain size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 618.03 2.4287 3.10
1.0 x qL 882.90 3.4696 6.22
1.3 x qL 1,147.77 4.5105 10.43

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 618.03 6.22 Water friction loss curve
18
(x, y) 1147.77 10.43
a 1.50E-05 16
14
Slurry friction loss curve - 8.41
12
x f(x) 1,000.00 8.41
100 10.24 10 1,000.00 -
300 7.74 8 1,000.00 8.41
500 6.43 6
800 6.72
4
1,000 8.41
1,200 11.30 2
1,400 15.38 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 23.46 m + 7.95 m + 8.41 m 54.82 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.83 320.39 67.96% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.17 559.71 44.03% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.47 882.90 11.71% Retain size.
1.415 350.00 3.75 1298.02 -29.80% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.01 1812.42 -81.24% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.25 2432.99 -143.30% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.48 3166.17 -216.62% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.70 4018.06 -301.81% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 4.91 4994.45 -399.45% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


700 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 116.44 608.38 600 64.89 13.10
250.00 71.34 372.71 500 20.40 12.48
300.00 54.82 286.39 7.95 8.41
400
350.00 53.55 279.81 3.59 11.50
400.00 51.42 268.65 300 1.81 11.15
450.00 50.29 262.72 200 0.99 10.84
500.00 49.61 259.18 0.58 10.57
100
550.00 49.15 256.79 0.36 10.34
600.00 48.77 254.81 - 0.23 10.08
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 5/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Pump Selection Result
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997749 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 1,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 54.94 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 286.39 kW
Outlet size 300 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 6/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Pump Selection Calculations
Selection B

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.140 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.360 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 70.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 30.00 m
Total depth from the header 115.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 140.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 100 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3595 )) 24.60 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 7.95 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
500 0.02233 1.9649 2.05
1,000 0.02164 3.9298 7.95
1,250 0.02150 4.9122 12.34
1,400 0.02143 5.5017 15.43

4. Slurry friction loss 8.58 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.58 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 7/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.25 m3/s
911.12 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 8.89% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 637.79 2.5063 3.29
1.0 x qL 911.12 3.5805 6.62
1.3 x qL 1,184.46 4.6546 11.09

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 637.79 6.62 Water friction loss curve
18
(x, y) 1184.46 11.09
a 1.50E-05 16
14
Slurry friction loss curve - 8.58
12
x f(x) 1,000.00 8.58
100 10.95 10 1,000.00 -
300 8.33 8 1,000.00 8.58
500 6.91 6
800 7.01
4
1,000 8.58
1,200 11.35 2
1,400 15.32 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 24.61 m + 7.95 m + 8.59 m 56.14 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.92 330.63 66.94% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.27 577.60 42.24% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.58 911.12 8.89% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.87 1339.50 -33.95% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.13 1870.35 -87.04% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.39 2510.76 -151.08% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.62 3267.37 -226.74% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.85 4146.49 -314.65% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.06 5154.09 -415.41% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


700 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 118.43 628.27 600 64.89 13.94
250.00 73.28 388.76 500 20.40 13.28
300.00 56.14 297.82 7.95 8.58
400
350.00 55.44 294.11 3.59 12.24
400.00 53.28 282.66 300 1.81 11.87
450.00 52.13 276.55 200 0.99 11.53
500.00 51.43 272.86 0.58 11.25
100
550.00 50.96 270.36 0.36 11.00
600.00 50.57 268.26 - 0.23 10.73
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 8/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Pump Selection Result
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997616 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 1,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 56.27 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 297.82 kW
Outlet size 300 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 9/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Pump Selection Calculations
Selection C

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.411 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 70.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 30.00 m
Total depth from the header 115.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 140.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 100 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.4105 )) 27.33 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 7.95 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
500 0.02233 1.9649 2.05
1,000 0.02164 3.9298 7.95
1,250 0.02150 4.9122 12.34
1,400 0.02143 5.5017 15.43

4. Slurry friction loss 9.10 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.84 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 10/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.27 m3/s
978.12 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 2.19% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 684.68 2.6906 3.78
1.0 x qL 978.12 3.8438 7.61
1.3 x qL 1,271.55 4.9969 12.76

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 684.68 7.61 Water friction loss curve
18
18
(x, y) 1271.55 12.76
a 1.50E-05 16
16
14
14
Slurry friction loss curve - 9.10
12
12
x f(x) 1,000.00 9.10
100 12.72 10
10 1,000.00 -
300 9.82 88 1,000.00 9.10
500 8.12 66
800 7.81
44
1,000 9.10
1,200 11.58 22
1,400 15.26 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 27.34 m + 7.95 m + 9.1 m 59.38 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 64.51% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 37.99% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 2.19% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 -43.80% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 -100.79% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 -169.54% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -250.76% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -345.14% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -453.31% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


700 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 123.25 678.58 600 64.89 16.03
250.00 78.00 429.46 500 20.40 15.27
300.00 59.38 326.93 7.95 9.10
400
350.00 60.01 330.40 3.59 14.08
400.00 57.79 318.21 300 1.81 13.65
450.00 56.59 311.59 200 0.99 13.27
500.00 55.86 307.53 0.58 12.94
100
550.00 55.35 304.74 0.36 12.66
600.00 54.92 302.36 - 0.23 12.35
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 11/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Pump Selection Result
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997287 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 1,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 59.54 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 326.93 kW
Outlet size 300 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 12/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Pump Selection Calculations
Selection D

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.539 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 70.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 30.00 m
Total depth from the header 115.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 140.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 100 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.539 )) 33.40 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 7.95 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
500 0.02233 1.9649 2.05
1,000 0.02164 3.9298 7.95
1,250 0.02150 4.9122 12.34
1,400 0.02143 5.5017 15.43

4. Slurry friction loss 9.10 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.84 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 13/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.27 m3/s
978.12 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 2.19% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 684.68 2.6906 3.78
1.0 x qL 978.12 3.8438 7.61
1.3 x qL 1,271.55 4.9969 12.76

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 684.68 7.61 Water friction loss curve
18
18
(x, y) 1271.55 12.76
a 1.50E-05 16
16
14
14
Slurry friction loss curve - 9.10
12
12
x f(x) 1,000.00 9.10
100 12.72 10
10 1,000.00 -
300 9.82 88 1,000.00 9.10
500 8.12 66
800 7.81
44
1,000 9.10
1,200 11.58 22
1,400 15.26 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 33.4 m + 7.95 m + 9.1 m 65.45 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 64.51% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 37.99% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 2.19% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 -43.80% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 -100.79% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 -169.54% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -250.76% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -345.14% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -453.31% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


700 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 129.31 777.27 600 64.89 16.02
250.00 84.07 505.35 500 20.40 15.27
300.00 65.45 393.40 7.95 9.10
400
350.00 66.08 397.19 3.59 14.08
400.00 63.86 383.88 300 1.81 13.65
450.00 62.66 376.66 200 0.99 13.27
500.00 61.92 372.23 0.58 12.94
100
550.00 61.42 369.17 0.36 12.66
600.00 60.98 366.58 - 0.23 12.35
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 14/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Pump Selection Result
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996684 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 1,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 65.66 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 393.40 kW
Outlet size 300 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 15/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Pump Selection Calculations
Selection E

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.480 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.607 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 70.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 30.00 m
Total depth from the header 115.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 140.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 100 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.607 )) 36.22 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 7.95 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
500 0.02233 1.9649 2.05
1,000 0.02164 3.9298 7.95
1,250 0.02150 4.9122 12.34
1,400 0.02143 5.5017 15.43

4. Slurry friction loss 9.70 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.09 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 16/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.29 m3/s
1,040.81 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -4.08% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 728.57 2.8631 4.27
1.0 x qL 1,040.81 4.0901 8.60
1.3 x qL 1,353.05 5.3172 14.42

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 728.57 8.60 Water friction loss curve
18
18
(x, y) 1353.05 14.42
a 1.49E-05 16
16
14
14
Slurry friction loss curve - 9.70
12
12
x f(x) 1,000.00 9.70
100 14.50 10
10 1,000.00 -
300 11.34 88 1,000.00 9.70
500 9.38 66
800 8.68
44
1,000 9.70
1,200 11.92 22
1,400 15.33 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 36.22 m + 7.95 m + 9.71 m 68.87 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.34 377.70 62.23% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.73 659.81 34.02% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 4.09 1040.81 -4.08% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.42 1530.16 -53.02% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.72 2136.57 -113.66% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 5.01 2868.13 -186.81% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 5.28 3732.44 -273.24% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.54 4736.69 -373.67% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.78 5887.70 -488.77% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


700 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 134.21 842.72 600 64.89 18.11
250.00 88.88 558.07 500 20.40 17.26
300.00 68.87 432.41 7.95 9.70
400
350.00 70.73 444.14 3.59 15.92
400.00 68.47 429.89 300 1.81 15.44
450.00 67.22 422.04 200 0.99 15.01
500.00 66.44 417.15 0.58 14.64
100
550.00 65.89 413.73 0.36 14.32
600.00 65.42 410.79 - 0.23 13.98
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 17/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Pump Selection Result
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996316 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 1,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 69.12 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 432.41 kW
Outlet size 300 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 18/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1358.66 0.00
Selection A

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.072 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.339 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,358.66 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3391 )) 15.25 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 10.39 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
679 0.02198 2.6696 2.66
1,359 0.02145 5.3392 10.39
1,698 0.02134 6.6740 16.15
1,902 0.02129 7.4749 20.21

4. Slurry friction loss 10.31 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.47 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 19/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.25 m3/s
882.90 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 35.02% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Increase pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 618.03 2.4287 2.21
1.0 x qL 882.90 3.4696 4.45
1.3 x qL 1,147.77 4.5105 7.45

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 618.03 4.45 Water friction loss curve
25
(x, y) 1147.77 7.45
a 1.07E-05
20
Slurry friction loss curve - 10.31
x f(x) 15 1,358.66 10.31
136 6.93 1,358.66 -
408 4.92 1,358.66 10.31
10
679 4.49
1,087 6.80
1,359 10.31 5
1,630 15.41
1,902 22.09 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 15.25 m + 10.39 m + 10.32 m 50.95 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.83 320.39 76.42% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.17 559.71 58.80% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.47 882.90 35.02% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.75 1298.02 4.46% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.01 1812.42 -33.40% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.25 2432.99 -79.07% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.48 3166.17 -133.04% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.70 4018.06 -195.74% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 4.91 4994.45 -267.60% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,200 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 125.16 1097.19 1,000 85.56 9.36
250.00 66.06 579.08 26.90 8.92
800
300.00 51.04 447.45 10.48 10.31
350.00 43.20 378.73 600 4.74 8.22
400.00 40.60 355.91 2.39 7.96
400
450.00 39.30 344.47 1.31 7.74
500.00 38.56 338.04 200 0.77 7.55
550.00 38.10 334.01 0.47 7.38
600.00 37.75 330.95 - 0.30 7.20
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 20/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997749 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,358.66 cmh
Curve head, m 50.95 m
Curve efficiency, % 56.68% [-]
Curve power, kW 322.76 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 387.24 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 21/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1351.48 (0.00)
Selection B

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.140 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.360 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,351.48 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3595 )) 15.99 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 10.39 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
679 0.02198 2.6696 2.66
1,359 0.02145 5.3392 10.39
1,698 0.02134 6.6740 16.15
1,902 0.02129 7.4749 20.21

4. Slurry friction loss 10.29 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.58 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 22/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.25 m3/s
911.12 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 32.58% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Increase pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 637.79 2.5063 2.35
1.0 x qL 911.12 3.5805 4.73
1.3 x qL 1,184.46 4.6546 7.92

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 637.79 4.73 Water friction loss curve
25
(x, y) 1184.46 7.92
a 1.07E-05
20
Slurry friction loss curve - 10.29
x f(x) 15 1,358.66 10.29
136 7.42 1,358.66 -
408 5.30 1,358.66 10.29
10
679 4.75
1,087 6.89
1,359 10.29 5
1,630 15.26
1,902 21.82 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 16 m + 10.39 m + 10.29 m 51.67 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.92 330.63 75.54% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.27 577.60 57.26% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.58 911.12 32.58% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.87 1339.50 0.89% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.13 1870.35 -38.39% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.39 2510.76 -85.78% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.62 3267.37 -141.76% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.85 4146.49 -206.81% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.06 5154.09 -281.37% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,200 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 125.60 1098.97 1,000 84.66 9.95
250.00 67.09 587.01 26.61 9.49
800
300.00 51.54 450.95 10.37 10.18
350.00 44.43 388.71 600 4.69 8.74
400.00 41.83 366.01 2.36 8.48
400
450.00 40.53 354.57 1.30 8.24
500.00 39.79 348.10 200 0.76 8.04
550.00 39.32 344.01 0.47 7.86
600.00 38.96 340.88 - 0.30 7.67
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 23/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997749 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,351.48 cmh
Curve head, m 51.67 m
Curve efficiency, % 57.35% [-]
Curve power, kW 321.67 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 435.34 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 24/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1338.85 (0.00)
Selection C

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.411 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,338.85 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.4105 )) 17.76 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 10.09 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
669 0.02199 2.6307 2.59
1,339 0.02146 5.2613 10.09
1,674 0.02134 6.5767 15.68
1,874 0.02130 7.3659 19.63

4. Slurry friction loss 10.01 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.84 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 25/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.27 m3/s
978.12 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 26.94% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Increase pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 684.68 2.6906 2.70
1.0 x qL 978.12 3.8438 5.44
1.3 x qL 1,271.55 4.9969 9.11

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 684.68 5.44 Water friction loss curve
25
25
(x, y) 1271.55 9.11
a 1.07E-05
20
20
Slurry friction loss curve - 10.01
x f(x) 15
15 1,338.85 10.01
134 8.68 1,338.85 -
402 6.29 1,338.85 10.01
10
10
669 5.44
1,071 7.03
1,339 10.01 55
1,607 14.51
1,874 20.55 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 17.77 m + 10.1 m + 10.01 m 52.86 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 73.49% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 53.69% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 26.94% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 -7.41% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 -49.97% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 -101.32% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -161.99% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -232.48% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -313.27% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,200 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 127.30 1123.69 1,000 83.08 11.45
250.00 69.79 616.08 26.12 10.91
800
300.00 52.95 467.41 10.18 10.01
350.00 47.43 418.66 600 4.60 10.06
400.00 44.84 395.79 2.32 9.75
400
450.00 43.51 384.12 1.27 9.48
500.00 42.75 377.42 200 0.74 9.25
550.00 42.27 373.10 0.46 9.04
600.00 41.89 369.74 - 0.30 8.82
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 26/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997287 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,338.85 cmh
Curve head, m 52.86 m
Curve efficiency, % 58.45% [-]
Curve power, kW 319.82 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 448.67 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 27/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1303.53 0.00
Selection D

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.539 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,303.53 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.539 )) 21.71 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 9.57 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
652 0.02202 2.5613 2.45
1,304 0.02147 5.1225 9.57
1,629 0.02136 6.4032 14.88
1,825 0.02131 7.1716 18.62

4. Slurry friction loss 9.53 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.84 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 28/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.27 m3/s
978.12 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 24.96% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Increase pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 684.68 2.6906 2.70
1.0 x qL 978.12 3.8438 5.44
1.3 x qL 1,271.55 4.9969 9.11

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 684.68 5.44 Water friction loss curve
25
25
(x, y) 1271.55 9.11
a 1.07E-05
20
20
Slurry friction loss curve - 9.53
x f(x) 15
15 1,303.53 9.53
130 8.72 1,303.53 -
391 6.36 1,303.53 9.53
10
10
652 5.45
1,043 6.81
1,304 9.53 55
1,564 13.70
1,825 19.32 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 21.71 m + 9.58 m + 9.53 m 55.81 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 72.77% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 52.43% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 24.96% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 -10.32% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 -54.03% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 -106.78% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -169.09% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -241.49% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -324.47% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,200 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 126.91 1139.63 1,000 78.76 11.44
250.00 72.38 649.93 24.76 10.91
800
300.00 55.88 501.83 9.65 9.53
350.00 51.13 459.15 600 4.36 10.06
400.00 48.66 436.96 2.20 9.75
400
450.00 47.39 425.58 1.20 9.48
500.00 46.66 419.00 200 0.70 9.25
550.00 46.19 414.75 0.43 9.04
600.00 45.81 411.41 - 0.28 8.82
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 29/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996684 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,303.53 cmh
Curve head, m 55.81 m
Curve efficiency, % 61.08% [-]
Curve power, kW 315.07 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 481.69 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 30/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1283.44 (0.00)
Selection E

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.480 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.607 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,283.44 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.607 )) 23.54 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 9.28 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
642 0.02204 2.5218 2.38
1,283 0.02148 5.0436 9.28
1,604 0.02136 6.3045 14.43
1,797 0.02131 7.0610 18.05

4. Slurry friction loss 9.43 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.09 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 31/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.29 m3/s
1,040.81 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 18.90% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Increase pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 728.57 2.8631 3.05
1.0 x qL 1,040.81 4.0901 6.14
1.3 x qL 1,353.05 5.3172 10.30

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 728.57 6.14 Water friction loss curve
25
25
(x, y) 1353.05 10.30
a 1.07E-05
20
20
Slurry friction loss curve - 9.43
x f(x) 15
15 1,283.44 9.43
128 9.99 1,283.44 -
385 7.40 1,283.44 9.43
10
10
642 6.22
1,027 7.09
1,283 9.43 55
1,540 13.17
1,797 18.32 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 23.55 m + 9.29 m + 9.43 m 57.25 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.34 377.70 70.57% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.73 659.81 48.59% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 4.09 1040.81 18.90% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.42 1530.16 -19.22% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.72 2136.57 -66.47% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 5.01 2868.13 -123.47% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 5.28 3732.44 -190.82% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.54 4736.69 -269.06% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.78 5887.70 -358.75% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,200 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 127.82 1157.36 1,000 76.35 12.93
250.00 74.87 677.93 24.00 12.33
800
300.00 57.32 519.02 9.35 9.43
350.00 54.14 490.24 600 4.23 11.37
400.00 51.70 468.10 2.13 11.03
400
450.00 50.43 456.59 1.17 10.72
500.00 49.68 449.83 200 0.68 10.46
550.00 49.19 445.37 0.42 10.23
600.00 48.80 441.82 - 0.27 9.98
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 32/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996316 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,283.44 cmh
Curve head, m 57.25 m
Curve efficiency, % 62.30% [-]
Curve power, kW 312.58 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 498.63 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 33/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Adjusted Conditions Calculations 991.09 27.36
Selection F (No Magnetite)

1.1 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 0% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 1.800 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.335 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 991.09 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.1 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 12.00 in
in SI (DN) 300.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.0707 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.335 )) 15.09 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 5.58 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
496 0.02234 1.9474 1.44
991 0.02165 3.8948 5.58
1,239 0.02150 4.8684 8.66
1,388 0.02144 5.4527 10.83

4. Slurry friction loss 5.57 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 2.99 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 34/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Limiting flow, qL 0.21 m3/s
759.61 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) 23.36% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Increase pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 531.73 2.0896 1.65
1.0 x qL 759.61 2.9851 3.31
1.3 x qL 987.49 3.8806 5.54

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 531.73 3.31 Water friction loss curve
25
25
(x, y) 987.49 5.54
a 1.07E-05
20
20
Slurry friction loss curve 1.00 5.57
x f(x) 15
15 991.09 5.57
99 5.32 991.09 -
297 3.90 991.09 5.57
10
10
496 3.32
793 4.04
991 5.57 55
1,189 7.95
1,388 11.17 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 15.1 m + 5.58 m + 5.58 m 41.25 m

3.1 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.44 275.65 72.19% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 2.72 481.55 51.41% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 2.99 759.61 23.36% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.22 1116.75 -12.68% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 3.45 1559.33 -57.33% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 3.66 2093.24 -111.20% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 3.85 2724.03 -174.85% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.04 3456.96 -248.80% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 4.22 4297.00 -333.56% Reduce pipe size.

4.1 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,200 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 82.58 447.27 1,000 45.53 6.96
250.00 51.04 276.43 14.31 6.63
800
300.00 41.25 223.40 5.58 5.57
350.00 38.72 209.74 600 2.52 6.11
400.00 37.28 201.94 1.27 5.92
400
450.00 36.54 197.92 0.70 5.75
500.00 36.11 195.58 200 0.41 5.61
550.00 35.83 194.06 0.25 5.48
600.00 35.60 192.82 - 0.16 5.35
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 35/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
5.1 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions
Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 0% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997854 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 991.09 cmh
Curve head, m 68.61 m
Curve efficiency, % 66.71% [-]
Curve power, kW 277.85 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 369.34 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 36/36


Tai'an ZJQ1000-78-400 Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Actual Pump Selected, at water rated


Dragflow HY600HC

1.0 Main dredge pump specifications


Head Capacity Power Efficiency Speed Volt/Phase/Frequency
m cmh kW % rpm V/P/Hz
33.00 2,000.00 475.00 55 950.00

2.0 Main dredge pump curve


Flow, cmh Head, m Efficiency Power, kW Theo. Power, kW
500 49.00 22.0% 290.00 303.47
700 47.00 30.0% 308.00 298.84
1,000 44.00 38.0% 320.00 315.53
1,500 39.00 47.0% 345.00 339.18
2,000 33.00 55.0% 365.00 327.00
2,500 26.00 53.0% 370.00 334.20
2,800 22.00 45.0% 380.00 373.02
3,000 20.00 41.0% 385.00 398.78
3,500 18.00 39.0% 387.00 440.19
4,000 10.00 30.0% 380.00 363.33
4,500 4.00 28.0% 385.00 175.18

55 60.0%
Head, m
50 Efficiency, %
50.0%
45

40 40.0%

35
30.0%
30

25 20.0%

20
10.0%
15

10 0.0%

500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
Curve Power, kW
100
50 Theoretical Power, kW
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Technical Pump Review Pages 1/33


Dragflow HY600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

3.0 Main dredge pump curve, slurry corrected flow 0.95


Flow, cmh Head, m Efficiency Power, kW Theo. Power, kW
475 44.22 22.0% 248.64 260.18
665 42.42 30.0% 264.07 256.22
950 39.71 38.0% 274.36 270.52
1,425 35.20 47.0% 295.79 290.80
1,900 29.78 55.0% 312.94 280.36
2,375 23.47 53.0% 317.23 286.53
3,800 9.03 30.0% 325.80 311.51
4,275 3.61 28.0% 330.09 150.19

50 60.0%
Head, m
Efficiency, %
45
50.0%

40

40.0%
35

30 30.0%

25
20.0%

20

10.0%
15

10 0.0%

350

300

250

200

150

100
Curve Power, kW
50 Corrected Power, kW
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Technical Pump Review Pages 2/33


Dragflow HY600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

4.0 Pump curve modeling parameters for the backward-fitting process are as follows:
Water rated
a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Q-h -1.36E-16 1.31E-12 -3.88E-09 0.000002825124 -0.008620822304 52.829632293919
Q-n -4.52E-18 6.16E-14 -2.85E-10 0.000000449339 0.000018220012 0.137997927448
Q-p 8.90E-16 -1.08E-11 4.86E-08 -0.000110928488 0.164633071273 230.580044067837

Slurry corrected
a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Q-h -2.89E-16 3.23E-12 -1.27E-08 0.000020773122 -0.023757380839 52.071658554867
Q-n 3.75E-18 -3.29E-14 1.07E-10 -0.000000272893 0.000593858472 -0.006520128956
Q-p -2.53E-16 3.48E-12 -1.51E-08 0.000013711292 0.054061106689 222.715898993015

5.0 The pump selections A to E should be adjusted according to the actual curve of the main dredge pump,
The following backward-fitting process was coded to MS Excel allows the initial conditions to be fitted
along the pump curve.

Backward fit calculate the


Check initial calculated
Start equivalent flow (qi) from
flow (q0) and head (h0)
initial head (h0)

Print curve flow (qi) and Yes Is q0


End head (h0)
= qi?

Recalculate head loss


calculation with new flow
equivalent (qi)

Print curve flow (qn) and


Store new head loss as
head (hi) Store qi = qn
new head (hn)

Yes Backward fit calculate the


Is qi =
new flow equivalent (qn)
qn?
from new head (hn)

Technical Pump Review Pages 3/33


Dragflow HY600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Pump Selection Calculations


Selection A

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.072 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.339 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 2,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3391 )) 15.25 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.59 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,000 0.02033 1.4147 0.41
2,000 0.01953 2.8294 1.59
2,500 0.01935 3.5368 2.47
2,800 0.01928 3.9612 3.08

4. Slurry friction loss 3.96 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.48 m/s
Limiting flow, qL 0.88 m3/s
3,166.17 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -58.31% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Technical Pump Review Pages 4/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,216.32 3.1355 1.95
1.0 x qL 3,166.17 4.4792 3.93
1.3 x qL 4,116.03 5.8230 6.59

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2216.32 3.93 Water friction loss curve
8
(x, y) 4116.03 6.59
a 7.38E-07 7

6
Slurry friction loss curve - 3.96
x f(x) 5 2,000.00 3.96
200 6.93 4
2,000.00 -
600 5.86 2,000.00 3.96
1,000 5.02 3
1,600 4.21 2
2,000 3.96
1
2,400 3.95
2,800 4.18 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 15.25 m + 1.6 m + 3.97 m 35.80 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.83 320.39 83.98% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.17 559.71 72.01% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.47 882.90 55.85% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.75 1298.02 35.10% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.01 1812.42 9.38% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.25 2432.99 -21.65% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.48 3166.17 -58.31% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.70 4018.06 -100.90% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 4.91 4994.45 -149.72% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


2,500 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 225.00 2351.11 2,000 185.40 9.36
250.00 97.44 1018.23 58.28 8.92
300.00 77.84 813.36 1,500 22.71 24.88
350.00 48.73 509.23 10.27 8.22
400.00 43.39 453.38 1,000 5.18 7.96
450.00 40.82 426.57 2.84 7.74
500.00 39.46 412.29 500 1.66 7.55
550.00 38.65 403.90 1.02 7.38
600.00 38.11 398.20 - 0.66 7.20
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997749 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 2,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 35.88 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 374.11 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 5/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Pump Selection Calculations


Selection B

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.140 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.360 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 2,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3595 )) 15.99 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.59 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,000 0.02033 1.4147 0.41
2,000 0.01953 2.8294 1.59
2,500 0.01935 3.5368 2.47
2,800 0.01928 3.9612 3.08

4. Slurry friction loss 4.24 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.62 m/s
Limiting flow, qL 0.91 m3/s
3,267.37 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -63.37% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Technical Pump Review Pages 6/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,287.16 3.2357 2.07
1.0 x qL 3,267.37 4.6224 4.18
1.3 x qL 4,247.59 6.0091 7.01

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2287.16 4.18 Water friction loss curve
8
(x, y) 4247.59 7.01
a 7.38E-07 7

6
Slurry friction loss curve - 4.24
x f(x) 5 2,000.00 4.24
200 7.39 4
2,000.00 -
600 6.28 2,000.00 4.24
1,000 5.40 3
1,600 4.53 2
2,000 4.24
1
2,400 4.19
2,800 4.37 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 16 m + 1.6 m + 4.24 m 36.83 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.92 330.63 83.47% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.27 577.60 71.12% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.58 911.12 54.44% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.87 1339.50 33.02% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.13 1870.35 6.48% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.39 2510.76 -25.54% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.62 3267.37 -63.37% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.85 4146.49 -107.32% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.06 5154.09 -157.70% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


3,000 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 226.35 2401.52 2,500 185.40 9.95
250.00 98.76 1047.85 58.28 9.49
2,000
300.00 78.28 830.51 22.71 24.57
350.00 50.01 530.57 1,500 10.27 8.74
400.00 44.65 473.68 5.18 8.48
1,000
450.00 42.07 446.32 2.84 8.24
500.00 40.69 431.69 500 1.66 8.04
550.00 39.87 423.06 1.02 7.86
600.00 39.32 417.17 - 0.66 7.67
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997616 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 2,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 36.91 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 390.73 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 7/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Pump Selection Calculations


Selection C

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.411 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 2,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.4105 )) 17.76 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.59 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,000 0.02033 1.4147 0.41
2,000 0.01953 2.8294 1.59
2,500 0.01935 3.5368 2.47
2,800 0.01928 3.9612 3.08

4. Slurry friction loss 4.96 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.96 m/s
Limiting flow, qL 0.97 m3/s
3,507.62 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -75.38% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Technical Pump Review Pages 8/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,455.34 3.4736 2.38
1.0 x qL 3,507.62 4.9623 4.81
1.3 x qL 4,559.91 6.4510 8.07

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2455.34 4.81 Water friction loss curve
89
(x, y) 4559.91 8.07
a 7.37E-07 78

67
Slurry friction loss curve - 4.96
6
x f(x) 5 2,000.00 4.96
200 8.55 5 2,000.00 -
4
600 7.34 4 2,000.00 4.96
1,000 6.37 3
3
1,600 5.35 22
2,000 4.96
11
2,400 4.81
2,800 4.89 -0
0 200400600800
500 100012001400
1500
160018002000
200022002400
2500
2600280033000
000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 17.77 m + 1.6 m + 4.96 m 39.32 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 82.25% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 69.00% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 51.09% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 28.10% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 -0.39% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 -34.77% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -75.38% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -122.57% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -176.65% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


3,000 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 229.61 2528.39 2,500 185.40 11.45
250.00 101.96 1122.71 58.28 10.91
2,000
300.00 79.39 874.21 22.71 23.91
350.00 53.09 584.65 1,500 10.27 10.06
400.00 47.69 525.18 5.18 9.75
1,000
450.00 45.08 496.40 2.84 9.48
500.00 43.67 480.88 500 1.66 9.25
550.00 42.83 471.63 1.02 9.04
600.00 42.25 465.23 - 0.66 8.82
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997287 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 2,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 39.42 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 432.95 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 9/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Pump Selection Calculations


Selection D

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.539 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 2,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.539 )) 21.71 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.59 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,000 0.02033 1.4147 0.41
2,000 0.01953 2.8294 1.59
2,500 0.01935 3.5368 2.47
2,800 0.01928 3.9612 3.08

4. Slurry friction loss 4.96 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.96 m/s
Limiting flow, qL 0.97 m3/s
3,507.62 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -75.38% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Technical Pump Review Pages 10/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,455.34 3.4736 2.38
1.0 x qL 3,507.62 4.9623 4.81
1.3 x qL 4,559.91 6.4510 8.07

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2455.34 4.81 Water friction loss curve
89
(x, y) 4559.91 8.07
a 7.37E-07 78

67
Slurry friction loss curve - 4.96
6
x f(x) 5 2,000.00 4.96
200 8.55 5 2,000.00 -
4
600 7.34 4 2,000.00 4.96
1,000 6.37 3
3
1,600 5.35 22
2,000 4.96
11
2,400 4.81
2,800 4.89 -0
0 200400600800
500 100012001400
1500
160018002000
200022002400
2500
2600280033000
000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 21.71 m + 1.6 m + 4.96 m 43.26 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 82.25% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 69.00% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 51.09% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 28.10% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 -0.39% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 -34.77% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -75.38% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -122.57% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -176.65% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


3,000 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 233.55 2807.75 2,500 185.40 11.44
250.00 105.90 1273.14 58.28 10.91
2,000
300.00 83.33 1001.85 22.71 23.91
350.00 57.04 685.71 1,500 10.27 10.06
400.00 51.64 620.78 5.18 9.75
1,000
450.00 49.02 589.36 2.84 9.48
500.00 47.61 572.42 500 1.66 9.25
550.00 46.77 562.33 1.02 9.04
600.00 46.19 555.34 - 0.66 8.82
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996684 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 2,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 43.41 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 520.09 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 11/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Pump Selection Calculations


Selection E

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.480 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.607 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 2,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.607 )) 23.54 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.59 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,000 0.02033 1.4147 0.41
2,000 0.01953 2.8294 1.59
2,500 0.01935 3.5368 2.47
2,800 0.01928 3.9612 3.08

4. Slurry friction loss 5.71 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 5.28 m/s
Limiting flow, qL 1.04 m3/s
3,732.44 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -86.62% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Technical Pump Review Pages 12/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,612.71 3.6962 2.69
1.0 x qL 3,732.44 5.2803 5.43
1.3 x qL 4,852.17 6.8644 9.13

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2612.71 5.43 Water friction loss curve
12
8
(x, y) 4852.17 9.13
a 7.36E-07 7
10
6
Slurry friction loss curve - 5.71
8
x f(x) 5 2,000.00 5.71
200 9.72 46
2,000.00 -
600 8.42 2,000.00 5.71
1,000 7.35 3
4
1,600 6.19 2
2,000 5.71 2
1
2,400 5.47
2,800 5.46 -0
0 200400600800
500 100012001400
1500
160018002000
200022002400
2500
2600280033000
000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 23.55 m + 1.6 m + 5.71 m 45.84 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.34 377.70 81.12% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.73 659.81 67.01% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 4.09 1040.81 47.96% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.42 1530.16 23.49% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.72 2136.57 -6.83% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 5.01 2868.13 -43.41% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 5.28 3732.44 -86.62% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.54 4736.69 -136.83% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.78 5887.70 -194.39% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


3,500 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
200.00 236.87 2974.62 3,000 185.40 12.93
250.00 109.15 1370.75 2,500 58.28 12.33
300.00 84.64 1062.93 22.71 23.39
2,000
350.00 60.18 755.79 10.27 11.37
400.00 54.74 687.47 1,500 5.18 11.03
450.00 52.10 654.21 1,000 2.84 10.72
500.00 50.66 636.14 1.66 10.46
500
550.00 49.79 625.26 1.02 10.23
600.00 49.18 617.64 - 0.66 9.98
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996316 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 2,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 46.01 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 575.70 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 13/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Pump Selection Calculations


Selection F (No Magnetite)

1.1 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 0% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 1.800 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.335 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 2,000.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.1 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.335 )) 15.09 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.59 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,000 0.02033 1.4147 0.41
2,000 0.01953 2.8294 1.59
2,500 0.01935 3.5368 2.47
2,800 0.01928 3.9612 3.08

4. Slurry friction loss 2.93 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.85 m/s
Limiting flow, qL 0.76 m3/s
2,724.03 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -36.20% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Technical Pump Review Pages 14/33


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Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 1,906.82 2.6976 1.45
1.0 x qL 2,724.03 3.8537 2.92
1.3 x qL 3,541.24 5.0098 4.90

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 1906.82 2.92 Water friction loss curve
12
8
(x, y) 3541.24 4.90
a 7.40E-07 7
10
6
Slurry friction loss curve 1.00 2.93
8
x f(x) 5 2,000.00 2.93
200 5.08 46
2,000.00 -
600 4.18 2,000.00 2.93
1,000 3.53 3
4
1,600 2.99 2
2,000 2.93 2
1
2,400 3.10
2,800 3.51 -0
0 200400600800
500 100012001400
1500
160018002000
200022002400
2500
2600280033000
000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 15.1 m + 1.6 m + 2.93 m 34.61 m

3.1 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 201.00 2.44 279.11 86.04% Increase pipe size.
1.415 251.00 2.73 486.38 75.68% Increase pipe size.
1.415 301.00 2.99 765.96 61.70% Increase pipe size.
1.415 351.00 3.23 1124.75 43.76% Increase pipe size.
1.415 401.00 3.45 1569.09 21.55% Increase pipe size.
1.415 451.00 3.66 2104.89 -5.24% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 501.00 3.86 2737.67 -36.88% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 551.00 4.05 3472.69 -73.63% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 601.00 4.23 4314.93 -115.75% Reduce pipe size.

4.1 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


3,500 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
201.00 217.70 933.73 3,000 180.66 6.95
251.00 93.81 402.35 2,500 57.09 6.63
301.00 78.33 335.94 22.33 25.90
2,000
351.00 46.32 198.66 10.12 6.10
401.00 41.12 176.37 1,500 5.11 5.92
451.00 38.65 165.75 1,000 2.80 5.75
501.00 37.34 160.16 1.64 5.61
500
551.00 36.59 156.93 1.01 5.48
601.00 36.09 154.79 - 0.65 5.34
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

5.1 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 0% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997854 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 2,000.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 34.69 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 170% [-]
Rated power, kW 148.47 kW
Outlet size 501 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 15/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
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Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1392.60 (0.00)


Selection A

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.072 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.339 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,392.60 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 18.00 in
in SI (DN) 450.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1590 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,500.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3391 )) 15.25 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.35 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
696 0.02107 1.2161 0.35
1,393 0.02014 2.4322 1.35
1,741 0.01994 3.0403 2.09
1,950 0.01985 3.4051 2.61

4. Slurry friction loss 3.99 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.39 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.17 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 16/33


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Limiting flow, qL 0.66 m3/s


2,390.01 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -71.62% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 1,673.01 2.9220 1.93
1.0 x qL 2,390.01 4.1743 3.89
1.3 x qL 3,107.01 5.4266 6.52

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 1673.01 3.89 Water friction loss curve
8
(x, y) 3107.01 6.52
a 1.28E-06 7

6
Slurry friction loss curve - 3.99
x f(x) 5 1,392.60 3.99
139 6.90 4 1,392.60 -
418 5.91 1,392.60 3.99
696 5.11 3
1,114 4.29 2
1,393 3.99
1
1,671 3.89
1,950 3.99 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


= 15 m + 15.25 m + 1.35 m + 4 m 35.59 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.39 200.00 2.78 314.73 77.40% Increase pipe size.
1.39 250.00 3.11 549.82 60.52% Increase pipe size.
1.39 300.00 3.41 867.30 37.72% Increase pipe size.
1.39 350.00 3.68 1275.08 8.44% Reduce pipe size.
1.39 400.00 3.94 1780.40 -27.85% Reduce pipe size.
1.39 450.00 4.17 2390.01 -71.62% Reduce pipe size.
1.39 500.00 4.40 3110.23 -123.34% Reduce pipe size.
1.39 550.00 4.61 3947.07 -183.43% Reduce pipe size.
1.39 600.00 4.82 4906.21 -252.31% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,600 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
1,400
200.00 129.17 1380.75 89.89 9.03
250.00 67.11 717.40 1,200 28.26 8.61
300.00 52.15 557.52 1,000 11.01 10.90
350.00 43.16 461.35 800 4.98 7.93
400.00 40.45 432.35 600 2.51 7.69
450.00 39.09 417.90 1.38 7.47
400
500.00 38.34 409.84 0.80 7.29
200
550.00 37.87 404.82 0.50 7.13
600.00 37.52 401.06 - 0.32 6.95
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 17/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
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5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997647 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,392.60 cmh
Curve head, m 35.59 m
Curve efficiency, % 47.65% [-]
Curve power, kW 295.68 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 354.68 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 18/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
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Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1257.03 (0.00)


Selection B

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.140 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.360 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,257.03 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3595 )) 15.99 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.19 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
696 0.02057 1.2161 0.31
1,393 0.01967 2.4322 1.19
1,741 0.01947 3.0403 1.83
1,950 0.01938 3.4051 2.29

4. Slurry friction loss 4.77 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.62 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 19/33


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Limiting flow, qL 0.91 m3/s


3,267.37 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -159.93% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,287.16 3.2357 2.07
1.0 x qL 3,267.37 4.6224 4.18
1.3 x qL 4,247.59 6.0091 7.01

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2287.16 4.18 Water friction loss curve
8
(x, y) 4247.59 7.01
a 7.38E-07 7

6
Slurry friction loss curve - 4.77
x f(x) 5 1,392.60 4.77
139 7.58 4 1,392.60 -
418 6.76 1,392.60 4.77
696 6.05 3
1,114 5.19 2
1,393 4.77
1
1,671 4.46
1,950 4.26 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


= 15 m + 16 m + 1.19 m + 4.77 m 36.95 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.92 330.63 73.70% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.27 577.60 54.05% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.58 911.12 27.52% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.87 1339.50 -6.56% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.13 1870.35 -48.79% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.39 2510.76 -99.74% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.62 3267.37 -159.93% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.85 4146.49 -229.86% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.06 5154.09 -310.02% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,600 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
1,400
200.00 114.19 1181.31 73.24 9.95
250.00 63.50 656.96 1,200 23.02 9.49
300.00 48.79 504.81 1,000 8.97 8.83
350.00 43.79 453.07 800 4.06 8.74
400.00 41.51 429.48 600 2.05 8.48
450.00 40.35 417.45 1.12 8.24
400
500.00 39.68 410.55 0.66 8.04
200
550.00 39.25 406.11 0.40 7.86
600.00 38.92 402.64 - 0.26 7.67
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 20/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
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5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997647 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,257.03 cmh
Curve head, m 36.95 m
Curve efficiency, % 45.12% [-]
Curve power, kW 290.32 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 392.83 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 21/33


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Adjusted Conditions Calculations 969.62 0.00


Selection C

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.411 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 969.62 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.4105 )) 17.76 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 0.39 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
485 0.02174 0.6859 0.10
970 0.02038 1.3717 0.39
1,212 0.02006 1.7147 0.60
1,357 0.01992 1.9204 0.75

4. Slurry friction loss 6.43 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.96 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 22/33


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Limiting flow, qL 0.97 m3/s


3,507.62 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -261.75% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,455.34 3.4736 2.38
1.0 x qL 3,507.62 4.9623 4.81
1.3 x qL 4,559.91 6.4510 8.07

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2455.34 4.81 Water friction loss curve
88
(x, y) 4559.91 8.07
a 7.37E-07 77

66
Slurry friction loss curve - 6.43
x f(x) 55 969.62 6.43
97 8.91 44 969.62 -
291 8.26 969.62 6.43
485 7.67 33
776 6.89 22
970 6.43
11
1,164 6.04
1,357 5.69 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000120014001600180020002200

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


= 15 m + 17.77 m + 0.4 m + 6.44 m 39.59 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 63.39% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 36.05% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 -0.88% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 -48.31% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 -107.08% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 -177.98% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -261.75% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -359.08% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -470.64% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,600 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
1,400
200.00 87.79 853.17 43.58 11.45
250.00 57.37 557.57 1,200 13.70 10.91
300.00 44.41 431.57 1,000 5.34 6.30
350.00 45.24 439.64 800 2.41 10.06
400.00 43.73 425.01 600 1.22 9.75
450.00 42.91 417.02 0.67 9.48
400
500.00 42.40 412.07 0.39 9.25
200
550.00 42.05 408.64 0.24 9.04
600.00 41.74 405.69 - 0.16 8.82
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 23/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997287 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 969.62 cmh
Curve head, m 39.59 m
Curve efficiency, % 38.45% [-]
Curve power, kW 277.15 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 388.81 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 24/33


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Adjusted Conditions Calculations 448.52 0.00


Selection D

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.539 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 448.52 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.539 )) 21.71 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 0.09 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
224 0.02411 0.3173 0.02
449 0.02194 0.6345 0.09
561 0.02140 0.7932 0.14
628 0.02116 0.8883 0.17

4. Slurry friction loss 7.77 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.96 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 25/33


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Limiting flow, qL 0.97 m3/s


3,507.62 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -682.05% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,455.34 3.4736 2.38
1.0 x qL 3,507.62 4.9623 4.81
1.3 x qL 4,559.91 6.4510 8.07

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2455.34 4.81 Water friction loss curve
88
(x, y) 4559.91 8.07
a 7.37E-07 77

66
Slurry friction loss curve - 7.77
x f(x) 55 448.52 7.77
45 9.09 44 448.52 -
135 8.78 448.52 7.77
224 8.47 33
359 8.05 22
449 7.77
11
538 7.51
628 7.27 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000120014001600180020002200

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


= 15 m + 21.71 m + 0.1 m + 7.78 m 44.57 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 20.86% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 -38.25% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 -118.08% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 -220.61% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 -347.67% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 -500.95% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -682.05% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -892.46% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -1133.63% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,600 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
1,400
200.00 57.48 508.44 9.32 11.44
250.00 50.55 447.16 1,200 2.93 10.91
300.00 43.88 388.20 1,000 1.14 6.03
350.00 47.29 418.29 800 0.52 10.06
400.00 46.72 413.30 600 0.26 9.75
450.00 46.33 409.84 0.14 9.48
400
500.00 46.04 407.26 0.08 9.25
200
550.00 45.80 405.17 0.05 9.04
600.00 45.57 403.09 - 0.03 8.82
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 26/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996684 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 448.52 cmh
Curve head, m 44.57 m
Curve efficiency, % 21.33% [-]
Curve power, kW 248.50 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 379.91 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 27/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Adjusted Conditions Calculations 183.52 (0.00)


Selection E

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.480 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.607 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 183.52 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.607 )) 23.54 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 0.02 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
92 0.02816 0.1298 0.00
184 0.02489 0.2596 0.02
229 0.02403 0.3245 0.03
257 0.02362 0.3635 0.03

4. Slurry friction loss 9.78 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 5.28 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 28/33


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Limiting flow, qL 1.04 m3/s


3,732.44 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -1933.78% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,612.71 3.6962 2.69
1.0 x qL 3,732.44 5.2803 5.43
1.3 x qL 4,852.17 6.8644 9.13

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2612.71 5.43 Water friction loss curve
88
(x, y) 4852.17 9.13
a 7.36E-07 77

66
Slurry friction loss curve - 9.78
x f(x) 55 183.52 9.78
18 10.39 44 183.52 -
55 10.25 183.52 9.78
92 10.11 33
147 9.91 22
184 9.78
11
220 9.65
257 9.52 -0
0 200 400 600 800 1000120014001600180020002200

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


= 15 m + 23.55 m + 0.02 m + 9.78 m 48.34 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.34 377.70 -105.80% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.73 659.81 -259.52% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 300.00 4.09 1040.81 -467.13% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.42 1530.16 -733.77% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.72 2136.57 -1064.20% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 5.01 2868.13 -1462.82% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 5.28 3732.44 -1933.78% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.54 4736.69 -2480.98% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.78 5887.70 -3108.17% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,600 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
1,400
200.00 53.04 455.59 1.56 12.93
250.00 51.36 441.22 1,200 0.49 12.33
300.00 48.04 412.71 1,000 0.19 9.31
350.00 50.00 429.53 800 0.09 11.37
400.00 49.61 426.17 600 0.04 11.03
450.00 49.28 423.36 0.02 10.72
400
500.00 49.01 421.02 0.01 10.46
200
550.00 48.78 418.99 0.01 10.23
600.00 48.53 416.88 - 0.01 9.98
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 29/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996316 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 183.52 cmh
Curve head, m 48.34 m
Curve efficiency, % 9.39% [-]
Curve power, kW 233.01 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 371.69 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 30/33


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Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1777.82 0.00


Selection F (No Magnetite)

1.1 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 0% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 1.800 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.258 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,777.82 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.1 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 20.00 in
in SI (DN) 500.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.1963 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 45.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 80.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 100.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 65 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.2575 )) 12.02 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.27 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
889 0.02051 1.2576 0.33
1,778 0.01964 2.5151 1.27
2,222 0.01944 3.1439 1.96
2,489 0.01936 3.5211 2.45

4. Slurry friction loss 2.93 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 3.85 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 31/33


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Limiting flow, qL 0.76 m3/s


2,724.03 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -53.22% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 1,906.82 2.6976 1.45
1.0 x qL 2,724.03 3.8537 2.92
1.3 x qL 3,541.24 5.0098 4.90

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 1906.82 2.92 Water friction loss curve
86
(x, y) 3541.24 4.90
a 7.40E-07 7
5
6
Slurry friction loss curve 1.00 2.93
4
x f(x) 5 1,777.82 2.93
178 5.13 43 1,777.82 -
533 4.32 1,777.82 2.93
889 3.69 3
2
1,422 3.09 2
1,778 2.93 1
1
2,133 2.96
2,489 3.17 -0
0 200 500
400 6001000
800 1000120014001600180020002200
1500 2000 2500 3000

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


= 15 m + 12.02 m + 1.27 m + 2.94 m 31.22 m

3.1 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.44 275.65 84.49% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 2.72 481.55 72.91% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 2.99 759.61 57.27% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.22 1116.75 37.18% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 3.45 1559.33 12.29% Retain size.
1.415 450.00 3.66 2093.24 -17.74% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 3.85 2724.03 -53.22% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.04 3456.96 -94.45% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 4.22 4297.00 -141.70% Reduce pipe size.

4.1 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


1,600 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
1,400
201.00 176.55 2045.65 142.75 6.78
251.00 78.63 911.02 1,200 45.11 6.50
301.00 64.29 744.94 1,000 17.64 19.63
351.00 41.03 475.44 800 8.00 6.02
401.00 36.90 427.55 600 4.04 5.84
451.00 34.92 404.60 2.22 5.69
400
501.00 33.87 392.41 1.30 5.55
200
551.00 33.25 385.28 0.80 5.43
601.00 32.83 380.44 - 0.52 5.30
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 32/33


Dragflow HYC600HC Revision 00
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.1 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 0% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.998292 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,777.82 cmh
Curve head, m 31.22 m
Curve efficiency, % 52.67% [-]
Curve power, kW 307.82 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 385.76 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 33/33


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Actual Pump Selected, at water rated


Kurimoto KSP-550ESP

1.0 Main dredge pump specifications


Head Capacity Power Efficiency Speed Volt/Phase/Frequency
m cmh kW % rpm V/P/Hz
34.40 2,200.00 400.00 70 590.00 440/3P/60

2.0 Main dredge pump curve


Flow, cmh Head, m Efficiency Power, kW Theo. Power, kW
450 41.00 45.0% 111.73 111.73
1,550 37.00 67.0% 233.25 233.25
2,200 34.40 70.0% 294.61 294.61
2,750 31.40 67.0% 351.20 351.20
3,450 25.00 57.0% 412.34 412.34
3,900 19.00 44.0% 458.91 458.91
4,150 16.60 38.0% 494.01 494.01
4,250 13.60 31.0% 508.08 508.08

45 80.0%
Head, m
` Efficiency, %
40 70.0%

60.0%
35

50.0%
30
40.0%
25
30.0%

20
20.0%

15 10.0%

10 0.0%

600

500

400

300

200
Curve Power, kW
100
Theoretical Power, kW
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

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3.0 Main dredge pump curve, slurry corrected flow 0.95


Flow, cmh Head, m Efficiency Power, kW Theo. Power, kW
428 37.00 45.0% 95.79 95.79
1,473 33.39 67.0% 199.98 199.98
2,090 31.05 70.0% 252.59 252.59
2,613 28.34 67.0% 301.11 301.11
3,278 22.56 57.0% 353.53 353.53
3,705 17.15 44.0% 393.46 393.46
3,943 14.98 38.0% 423.56 423.56
4,038 12.27 31.0% 435.62 435.62

40 80.0%
Head, m
Efficiency, %
70.0%
35

60.0%

30
50.0%

25 40.0%

30.0%
20

20.0%

15
10.0%

10 0.0%

500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
Curve Power, kW
100
50 Corrected Power, kW
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

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4.0 Pump curve modeling parameters for the backward-fitting process are as follows:
Water rated
a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Q-h -3.39E-17 4.94E-13 -3.12E-09 0.000007981688 -0.011622288139 44.881073522416
Q-n -2.26E-18 2.47E-14 -9.91E-11 0.000000092844 0.000230889586 0.335373718948
Q-p 2.25E-15 -2.61E-11 1.14E-07 -0.000234080195 0.318894287044 6.262144598380

Slurry corrected
a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0
Q-h -3.95E-17 5.47E-13 -3.29E-09 0.000007981688 -0.011041173732 40.505168853981
Q-n -2.92E-18 3.04E-14 -1.16E-10 0.000000102875 0.000243041669 0.335373718948
Q-p 2.50E-15 -2.75E-11 1.14E-07 -0.000222376185 0.287802094057 5.369006225026

5.0 The pump selections A to E should be adjusted according to the actual curve of the main dredge pump,
The following backward-fitting process was coded to MS Excel allows the initial conditions to be fitted
along the pump curve.

Backward fit calculate the


Check initial calculated
Start equivalent flow (qi) from
flow (q0) and head (h0)
initial head (h0)

Print curve flow (qi) and Yes Is q0


End head (h0)
= qi?

Recalculate head loss


calculation with new flow
equivalent (qi)

Print curve flow (qn) and


Store new head loss as
head (hi) Store qi = qn
new head (hn)

Yes Backward fit calculate the


Is qi =
new flow equivalent (qn)
qn?
from new head (hn)

Technical Pump Review Pages 3/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
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Pump Selection Calculations


Selection A

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.072 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.339 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 3,900.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 14.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 20.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 40.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 75.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 90.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 60 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3391 )) 14.07 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 2.71 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,950 0.01923 2.1227 0.70
3,900 0.01867 4.2454 2.71
4,875 0.01856 5.3068 4.21
5,460 0.01850 5.9436 5.26

4. Slurry friction loss 3.65 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.78 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 4/36


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Limiting flow, qL 1.22 m3/s


4,393.36 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -12.65% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,075.35 3.3477 1.70
1.0 x qL 4,393.36 4.7825 3.43
1.3 x qL 5,711.37 6.2172 5.75

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3075.35 3.43 Water friction loss curve
7
(x, y) 5711.37 5.75
a 3.35E-07 6

Slurry friction loss curve 5 - 3.65


x f(x) 3,900.00 3.65
4
390 5.84 3,900.00 -
1,170 4.64 3 3,900.00 3.65
1,950 3.85
3,120 3.43 2
3,900 3.65
1
4,680 4.29
5,460 5.33 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 14.08 m + 2.71 m + 3.66 m 35.43 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.83 320.39 91.78% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.17 559.71 85.65% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.47 882.90 77.36% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.75 1298.02 66.72% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.01 1812.42 53.53% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.25 2432.99 37.62% Increase pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.48 3166.17 18.82% Increase pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.70 4018.06 -3.03% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 4.78 4393.36 -12.65% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 4.91 4994.45 -28.06% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


16,000 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
14,000
200.00 680.74 13870.98 634.48 17.19
250.00 242.60 4943.21 12,000 199.46 14.07
300.00 218.44 4450.91 10,000 77.73 111.63
350.00 75.18 1531.88 8,000 35.14 10.96
400.00 56.88 1158.98 6,000 17.72 10.09
450.00 48.20 982.20 9.71 9.42
4,000
500.00 43.66 889.59 5.68 8.91
2,000
550.00 39.88 812.65 3.50 7.31
600.00 37.82 770.55 - 2.26 6.49
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 5/36


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5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997749 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 3,900.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 35.51 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 722.03 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 6/36


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Pump Selection Calculations


Selection B

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.140 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.360 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 3,900.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 14.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 20.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d51 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 40.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 75.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 90.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 60 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3595 )) 14.76 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 2.71 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,950 0.01923 2.1227 0.70
3,900 0.01867 4.2454 2.71
4,875 0.01856 5.3068 4.21
5,460 0.01850 5.9436 5.26

4. Slurry friction loss 3.82 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.94 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 7/36


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Limiting flow, qL 1.26 m3/s


4,533.79 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -16.25% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,173.65 3.4548 1.81
1.0 x qL 4,533.79 4.9354 3.64
1.3 x qL 5,893.92 6.4160 6.12

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3173.65 3.64 Water friction loss curve
7
(x, y) 5893.92 6.12
a 3.34E-07 6

Slurry friction loss curve 5 - 3.82


x f(x) 3,900.00 3.82
4
390 6.24 3,900.00 -
1,170 4.99 3 3,900.00 3.82
1,950 4.15
3,120 3.65 2
3,900 3.82
1
4,680 4.40
5,460 5.39 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 14.77 m + 2.71 m + 3.83 m 36.29 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.92 330.63 91.52% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.27 577.60 85.19% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.58 911.12 76.64% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.87 1339.50 65.65% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.13 1870.35 52.04% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.39 2510.76 35.62% Increase pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.62 3267.37 16.22% Increase pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.85 4146.49 -6.32% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 4.94 4533.79 -16.25% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.06 5154.09 -32.16% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


16,000 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
14,000
200.00 682.53 14121.26 634.48 18.30
250.00 244.19 5052.12 12,000 199.46 14.97
300.00 218.39 4518.47 10,000 77.73 110.90
350.00 76.57 1584.26 8,000 35.14 11.67
400.00 58.22 1204.46 6,000 17.72 10.74
450.00 49.50 1024.09 9.71 10.03
4,000
500.00 44.92 929.37 5.68 9.48
2,000
550.00 41.04 849.11 3.50 7.78
600.00 38.92 805.29 - 2.26 6.90
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 8/36


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5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997616 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 3,900.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 36.38 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 750.86 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

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Pump Selection Calculations


Selection C

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.411 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 3,900.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 14.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 20.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d51 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 40.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 75.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 90.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 60 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.4105 )) 16.40 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 2.71 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,950 0.01923 2.1227 0.70
3,900 0.01867 4.2454 2.71
4,875 0.01856 5.3068 4.21
5,460 0.01850 5.9436 5.26

4. Slurry friction loss 4.27 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 5.30 m/s

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Limiting flow, qL 1.35 m3/s


4,867.15 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -24.80% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,407.01 3.7088 2.08
1.0 x qL 4,867.15 5.2983 4.19
1.3 x qL 6,327.30 6.8877 7.04

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3407.01 4.19 Water friction loss curve
78
(x, y) 6327.30 7.04
a 3.34E-07 67
6
Slurry friction loss curve 5 - 4.27
x f(x) 5 3,900.00 4.27
4
390 7.23 4
3,900.00 -
1,170 5.86 3 3,900.00 4.27
1,950 4.90 3
3,120 4.22 2
2
3,900 4.27
11
4,680 4.73
5,460 5.60 -0
0200
400
600
800
1000
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5000
5200
5400
5600
6000
5800
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 16.4 m + 2.71 m + 4.28 m 38.38 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 90.90% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 84.10% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 74.92% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 63.13% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 48.52% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 30.89% Increase pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 10.06% Retain size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -14.14% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 5.30 4867.15 -24.80% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -41.87% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


16,000 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
14,000
200.00 686.93 14750.17 634.48 21.05
250.00 248.08 5326.93 12,000 199.46 17.22
300.00 218.41 4689.78 10,000 77.73 109.28
350.00 79.97 1717.14 8,000 35.14 13.43
400.00 61.47 1319.96 6,000 17.72 12.36
450.00 52.65 1130.49 9.71 11.54
4,000
500.00 47.99 1030.40 5.68 10.91
2,000
550.00 43.85 941.57 3.50 8.95
600.00 41.60 893.30 - 2.26 7.95
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

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5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997287 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 3,900.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 38.48 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 824.13 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

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Pump Selection Calculations


Selection D

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.539 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 3,900.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 14.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 20.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d51 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 40.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 75.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 90.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 60 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.539 )) 20.04 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 2.71 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,950 0.01923 2.1227 0.70
3,900 0.01867 4.2454 2.71
4,875 0.01856 5.3068 4.21
5,460 0.01850 5.9436 5.26

4. Slurry friction loss 4.27 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 5.30 m/s

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Limiting flow, qL 1.35 m3/s


4,867.15 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -24.80% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,407.01 3.7088 2.08
1.0 x qL 4,867.15 5.2983 4.19
1.3 x qL 6,327.30 6.8877 7.04

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3407.01 4.19 Water friction loss curve
78
(x, y) 6327.30 7.04
a 3.34E-07 67
6
Slurry friction loss curve 5 - 4.27
x f(x) 5 3,900.00 4.27
4
390 7.23 4
3,900.00 -
1,170 5.86 3 3,900.00 4.27
1,950 4.90 3
3,120 4.22 2
2
3,900 4.27
11
4,680 4.73
5,460 5.60 -0
0200
400
600
800
1000
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5000
5200
5400
5600
6000
5800
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 20.04 m + 2.71 m + 4.28 m 42.02 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 90.90% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 84.10% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 74.92% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 63.13% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 48.52% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 30.89% Increase pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 10.06% Retain size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -14.14% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 5.30 4867.15 -24.80% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -41.87% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


18,000 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
16,000
200.00 690.56 16188.90 634.48 21.05
14,000
250.00 251.72 5901.08 199.46 17.22
12,000
300.00 222.05 5205.47 77.73 109.28
10,000
350.00 83.61 1960.05 35.14 13.43
8,000
400.00 65.11 1526.42 17.72 12.36
6,000
450.00 56.29 1319.57 9.71 11.54
500.00 51.63 1210.30 4,000 5.68 10.91
550.00 47.49 1113.32 2,000 3.50 8.95
600.00 45.24 1060.62 - 2.26 7.95
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

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5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996684 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 3,900.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 42.16 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 985.10 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

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Pump Selection Calculations


Selection E

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.480 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.607 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 3,900.00 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 14.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 20.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d51 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 40.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 75.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 90.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 60 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.607 )) 21.73 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 2.71 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,950 0.01923 2.1227 0.70
3,900 0.01867 4.2454 2.71
4,875 0.01856 5.3068 4.21
5,460 0.01850 5.9436 5.26

4. Slurry friction loss 4.76 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 5.64 m/s

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Limiting flow, qL 1.44 m3/s


5,179.11 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -32.80% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,625.38 3.9465 2.35
1.0 x qL 5,179.11 5.6378 4.74
1.3 x qL 6,732.84 7.3292 7.96

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3625.38 4.74 Water friction loss curve
79
(x, y) 6732.84 7.96
a 3.34E-07 8
6
7
Slurry friction loss curve 5 - 4.76
6
x f(x) 3,900.00 4.76
45
390 8.23 3,900.00 -
1,170 6.75 34 3,900.00 4.76
1,950 5.68 3
3,120 4.82 2
2
3,900 4.76
1
4,680 5.11 1
5,460 5.86 -0
0200
400
600
800
1000
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5000
5200
5400
5600
6000
5800
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 21.73 m + 2.71 m + 4.77 m 44.20 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.34 377.70 90.32% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.73 659.81 83.08% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 4.09 1040.81 73.31% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.42 1530.16 60.77% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.72 2136.57 45.22% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 5.01 2868.13 26.46% Increase pipe size.
1.415 500.00 5.28 3732.44 4.30% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.54 4736.69 -21.45% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 5.64 5179.11 -32.80% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.78 5887.70 -50.97% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


18,000 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
16,000
200.00 695.01 17019.30 634.48 23.80
14,000
250.00 255.66 6260.68 199.46 19.48
12,000
300.00 222.36 5445.08 77.73 107.90
10,000
350.00 87.06 2131.88 35.14 15.18
8,000
400.00 68.42 1675.50 17.72 13.97
6,000
450.00 59.49 1456.84 9.71 13.06
500.00 54.75 1340.67 4,000 5.68 12.34
550.00 50.35 1233.06 2,000 3.50 10.12
600.00 47.98 1174.83 - 2.26 8.99
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

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5.0 Pump Selection Result


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 20% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996316 [-]
Flowrate, rated at clean water 3,900.00 cmh
Minimum rated head, slurry 44.37 m
n, efficiency (minimum) 70% [-]
Rated power, kW 1,082.44 kW
Outlet size 500 mm

Technical Pump Review Pages 18/36


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Adjusted Conditions Calculations 1282.23 0.00


Selection A

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.072 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.339 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 1,282.23 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 40.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 75.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 90.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 60 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3391 )) 14.07 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 0.31 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
641 0.02107 0.6979 0.08
1,282 0.01976 1.3958 0.31
1,603 0.01946 1.7448 0.48
1,795 0.01932 1.9541 0.59

4. Slurry friction loss 4.50 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.78 m/s

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Limiting flow, qL 1.22 m3/s


4,393.36 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -242.63% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,075.35 3.3477 1.70
1.0 x qL 4,393.36 4.7825 3.43
1.3 x qL 5,711.37 6.2172 5.75

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3075.35 3.43 Water friction loss curve
7
(x, y) 5711.37 5.75
a 3.35E-07 6

Slurry friction loss curve 5 - 4.50


x f(x) 1,282.23 4.50
4
128 6.33 1,282.23 -
385 5.85 3 1,282.23 4.50
641 5.41
1,026 4.83 2
1,282 4.50
1
1,539 4.22
1,795 3.97 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 14.08 m + 0.31 m + 4.51 m 33.88 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.83 320.39 75.01% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.17 559.71 56.35% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.47 882.90 31.14% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.75 1298.02 -1.23% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.01 1812.42 -41.35% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.25 2432.99 -89.75% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.48 3166.17 -146.93% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.70 4018.06 -213.37% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 4.78 4393.36 -242.63% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 4.91 4994.45 -289.51% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


900 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
800
200.00 114.85 835.74 68.58 17.19
700
250.00 64.70 470.81 21.56 14.07
600
300.00 50.24 365.60 8.40 12.77
500
350.00 43.83 318.98 3.80 10.96
400
400.00 41.08 298.92 1.92 10.09
300
450.00 39.55 287.78 1.05 9.42
500.00 38.59 280.84 200 0.61 8.91
550.00 36.76 267.49 100 0.38 7.31
600.00 35.80 260.51 - 0.24 6.48
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

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Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 8% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997749 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 1,282.23 cmh
Curve head, m 33.88 m
Curve efficiency, % 64.44% [-]
Curve power, kW 183.94 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 220.68 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 21/36


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Adjusted Conditions Calculations 918.80 0.00


Selection B

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.140 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.360 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 918.80 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 40.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 75.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 90.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 60 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3595 )) 14.76 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 0.31 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
641 0.02107 0.6979 0.08
1,282 0.01976 1.3958 0.31
1,603 0.01946 1.7448 0.48
1,795 0.01932 1.9541 0.59

4. Slurry friction loss 4.84 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.94 m/s

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Limiting flow, qL 1.26 m3/s


4,533.79 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -393.45% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,173.65 3.4548 1.81
1.0 x qL 4,533.79 4.9354 3.64
1.3 x qL 5,893.92 6.4160 6.12

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3173.65 3.64 Water friction loss curve
8
(x, y) 5893.92 6.12
a 3.34E-07 7

6
Slurry friction loss curve - 4.84
x f(x) 5 1,282.23 4.84
128 6.75 4
1,282.23 -
385 6.25 1,282.23 4.84
641 5.79 3
1,026 5.19 2
1,282 4.84
1
1,539 4.54
1,795 4.28 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 14.77 m + 0.31 m + 4.85 m 34.91 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.92 330.63 64.01% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.27 577.60 37.14% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.58 911.12 0.84% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.87 1339.50 -45.79% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.13 1870.35 -103.57% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.39 2510.76 -173.27% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.62 3267.37 -255.61% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.85 4146.49 -351.30% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 4.94 4533.79 -393.45% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.06 5154.09 -460.96% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


900 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
800
200.00 83.27 493.54 35.21 18.30
700
250.00 55.80 330.73 11.07 14.97
600
300.00 43.92 260.33 4.31 9.85
500
350.00 43.38 257.10 1.95 11.67
400
400.00 41.48 245.86 0.98 10.74
300
450.00 40.33 239.04 0.54 10.03
500.00 39.56 234.45 200 0.32 9.48
550.00 37.73 223.64 100 0.19 7.78
600.00 36.79 218.03 - 0.13 6.90
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 23/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997749 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 918.80 cmh
Curve head, m 34.91 m
Curve efficiency, % 57.56% [-]
Curve power, kW 152.71 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 206.68 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 24/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Adjusted Conditions Calculations 3984.64 (0.00)


Selection C

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.140 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.360 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 3,984.64 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line - m
from water line to seabed 20.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 40.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 50.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) - m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 40 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.3595 )) 9.84 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.57 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,992 0.01921 2.1688 0.40
3,985 0.01866 4.3376 1.57
4,981 0.01855 5.4220 2.44
5,579 0.01849 6.0726 3.05

4. Slurry friction loss 2.15 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.94 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 25/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Limiting flow, qL 1.26 m3/s


4,533.79 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -13.78% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,173.65 3.4548 1.00
1.0 x qL 4,533.79 4.9354 2.02
1.3 x qL 5,893.92 6.4160 3.40

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3173.65 2.02 Water friction loss curve
88
(x, y) 5893.92 3.40
a 1.86E-07 77

66
Slurry friction loss curve - 2.15
x f(x) 55 3,984.64 2.15
398 3.46 44
3,984.64 -
1,195 2.75 3,984.64 2.15
1,992 2.28 33
3,188 2.02 22
3,985 2.15
11
4,782 2.51
5,579 3.10 -0
0 200 400500600 800 1000 1200 1400
1500
1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 0 m + 9.85 m + 1.57 m + 2.15 m 13.56 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.92 330.63 91.70% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.27 577.60 85.50% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.58 911.12 77.13% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.87 1339.50 66.38% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.13 1870.35 53.06% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.39 2510.76 36.99% Increase pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.62 3267.37 18.00% Increase pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.85 4146.49 -4.06% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 4.94 4533.79 -13.78% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.06 5154.09 -29.35% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


900 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
800
200.00 690.45 29706.59 662.32 18.30
700
250.00 233.02 10025.60 208.21 14.97
600
300.00 207.24 8916.29 81.14 116.25
500
350.00 58.19 2503.80 36.69 11.67
400
400.00 39.07 1681.09 18.49 10.74
300
450.00 30.00 1290.88 10.13 10.03
500.00 25.25 1086.29 200 5.93 9.48
550.00 21.27 915.29 100 3.66 7.78
600.00 19.10 821.65 - 2.36 6.90
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 26/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997616 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 3,984.64 cmh
Curve head, m 13.56 m
Curve efficiency, % 34.39% [-]
Curve power, kW 428.39 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 579.62 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 27/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Adjusted Conditions Calculations 3577.76 0.00


Selection D

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.140 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.471 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 3,577.76 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line - m
from water line to seabed 30.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 50.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 60.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) - m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 50 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.471 )) 15.16 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.52 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,789 0.01932 1.9473 0.39
3,578 0.01873 3.8947 1.52
4,472 0.01860 4.8683 2.36
5,009 0.01854 5.4525 2.96

4. Slurry friction loss 2.47 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.94 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 28/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Limiting flow, qL 1.26 m3/s


4,533.79 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -26.72% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,173.65 3.4548 1.20
1.0 x qL 4,533.79 4.9354 2.43
1.3 x qL 5,893.92 6.4160 4.08

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3173.65 2.43 Water friction loss curve
88
(x, y) 5893.92 4.08
a 2.23E-07 77

66
Slurry friction loss curve - 2.47
x f(x) 55 3,577.76 2.47
358 4.20 44
3,577.76 -
1,073 3.41 3,577.76 2.47
1,789 2.86 33
2,862 2.45 22
3,578 2.47
11
4,293 2.71
5,009 3.18 -0
0 200 400500600 800 1000 1200 1400
1500
1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 0 m + 15.16 m + 1.53 m + 2.47 m 19.15 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.92 330.63 90.76% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.27 577.60 83.86% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.58 911.12 74.53% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.87 1339.50 62.56% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.13 1870.35 47.72% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.39 2510.76 29.82% Increase pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.62 3267.37 8.68% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.85 4146.49 -15.90% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 4.94 4533.79 -26.72% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.06 5154.09 -44.06% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


900 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
800
200.00 567.41 16636.07 533.96 18.29
700
250.00 197.99 5804.82 167.86 14.97
600
300.00 172.36 5053.38 65.42 91.78
500
350.00 56.40 1653.68 29.58 11.67
400
400.00 40.81 1196.41 14.91 10.74
300
450.00 33.36 978.02 8.17 10.03
500.00 29.42 862.49 200 4.78 9.48
550.00 25.88 758.87 100 2.95 7.78
600.00 23.96 702.44 - 1.90 6.90
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 29/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 10% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.997063 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 3,577.76 cmh
Curve head, m 19.15 m
Curve efficiency, % 49.06% [-]
Curve power, kW 380.61 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 556.60 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 30/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Adjusted Conditions Calculations 3429.56 0.00


Selection E

1.0 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 2.310 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.539 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 3,429.56 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.0 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line m
from water line to seabed 30.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 50.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 60.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) - m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 50 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.539 )) 16.70 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.40 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,715 0.01937 1.8667 0.36
3,430 0.01875 3.7333 1.40
4,287 0.01862 4.6667 2.18
4,801 0.01856 5.2267 2.72

4. Slurry friction loss 2.79 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 5.30 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 31/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Limiting flow, qL 1.35 m3/s


4,867.15 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -41.92% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 3,407.01 3.7088 1.38
1.0 x qL 4,867.15 5.2983 2.79
1.3 x qL 6,327.30 6.8877 4.69

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 3407.01 2.79 Water friction loss curve
88
(x, y) 6327.30 4.69
a 2.23E-07 77

66
Slurry friction loss curve - 2.79
x f(x) 55 3,429.56 2.79
343 4.89 44
3,429.56 -
1,029 4.05 3,429.56 2.79
1,715 3.43 33
2,744 2.89 22
3,430 2.79
11
4,115 2.91
4,801 3.23 -0
0 200 400500600 800 1000 1200 1400
1500
1600 1800 2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 0 m + 16.7 m + 1.41 m + 2.8 m 20.90 m

3.0 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 3.14 354.95 89.65% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 3.51 620.07 81.92% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 3.84 978.12 71.48% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 4.15 1438.00 58.07% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 4.44 2007.88 41.45% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 4.71 2695.38 21.41% Increase pipe size.
1.415 500.00 4.96 3507.62 -2.28% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 5.20 4451.38 -29.79% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 5.30 4867.15 -41.92% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 5.44 5533.07 -61.33% Reduce pipe size.

4.0 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


900 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
800
200.00 528.39 14366.63 490.64 21.05
700
250.00 188.16 5116.07 154.24 17.22
600
300.00 159.28 4330.88 60.11 82.48
500
350.00 57.30 1558.02 27.18 13.43
400
400.00 42.76 1162.51 13.70 12.36
300
450.00 35.75 971.98 7.51 11.54
500.00 32.00 870.07 200 4.39 10.91
550.00 28.36 771.00 100 2.71 8.95
600.00 26.39 717.45 - 1.75 7.94
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 32/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.0 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 15% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 40% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.996684 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 3,429.56 cmh
Curve head, m 20.90 m
Curve efficiency, % 53.07% [-]
Curve power, kW 367.28 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 561.51 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 33/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Adjusted Conditions Calculations 2376.74 0.00


Selection F (No Magnetite)

1.1 Initial Selection Parameter


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 0% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]

Magnetite density 5.200 T/m3


Marine sands density 1.800 T/m3
Seawater density 1.025 T/m3
Magne-sand density (comb) 1.800 T/m3
Raw feed density (comb) 1.258 T/m3

Initial feed gross, Q 2,376.74 cmh


Target concentrate grade, %Fe 63% [-]

Magnetic separation efficiency 90% [-]


Pumping efficiency 80% [-]
Mineral recovery rate 50% [-]
Operating hours per day 16.00 hours per day
Operating days per month 26.00 days per month

2.1 Head Calculation


Initial pipe size diameter selection 22.80 in
in SI (DN) 570.00 mm
Cross sectional area 0.2552 m2
Particle diameter, d50 1,250.00 µm

Vertical height:
from distribution header centerline to water line 15.00 m
from water line to seabed 40.00 m
from seabed to maximum minebed strata 20.00 m
Total depth from the header 75.00 m
With additional length (i.e. for sagging and others) 90.00 m

Total dynamic head for underwater slurry


1. Static head (above water line) 15.00 m

2. Static slurry head (differential balance column loss)


Static head (below water line) x (1 - SG fluid / SG mixture)
= 60 m x ( 1 - ( 1.025 / 1.2575 )) 11.09 m

3. Water friction loss (Darcy Formula)


= ( f x L ) x ( v^2 ) / ( 2 x g x d ) 1.03 m
Flow, cmh f, [-] Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
- - - -
1,188 0.01987 1.2936 0.27
2,377 0.01904 2.5873 1.03
2,971 0.01885 3.2341 1.59
3,327 0.01877 3.6222 1.98

4. Slurry friction loss 2.57 m


FL number for limit settling. See Figure 1. 1.42 [-]
Limiting velocity, vL. See Figure 1. 4.11 m/s

Technical Pump Review Pages 34/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

Limiting flow, qL 1.05 m3/s


3,779.85 cmh
Percent difference of Q and qL using = 1 - (qL / Q) -59.04% [-]
Recommendation: Is percent change within 10-15%? Reduce pipe size.

Curve fit parameters for slurry resistance chart


Parameter Flow, cmh Velocity, m/s Head loss, m
0.7 x qL 2,645.89 2.8803 1.26
1.0 x qL 3,779.85 4.1146 2.55
1.3 x qL 4,913.80 5.3490 4.27

Parabolic parameter for slurry curve


Slurry friction loss curve
(h, k) 2645.89 2.55 Water friction loss curve
85
(x, y) 4913.80 4.27
a 3.35E-07 75
4
6
Slurry friction loss curve 4 1.00 2.57
x f(x) 53 2,376.74 2.57
238 4.49 43
2,376.74 1.00
713 3.80 2,376.74 2.57
1,188 3.26 32
2
1,901 2.73 2
2,377 2.57 1
11
2,852 2.56
3,327 2.70 -0
0 200 400
1000
600 800 2000
1000 1200 1400
3000
1600 1800 4000
2000
Total dynamic head for underwater slurry
= 15 m + 11.1 m + 1.03 m + 2.58 m 29.69 m

3.1 Pipe size validation


Limit velocity,
FL [-] dia, mm Limit flow, qL, cmh Percent difference, % Size change requirement
vL, m/s
1.415 200.00 2.44 275.65 88.40% Increase pipe size.
1.415 250.00 2.72 481.55 79.74% Increase pipe size.
1.415 300.00 2.99 759.61 68.04% Increase pipe size.
1.415 350.00 3.22 1116.75 53.01% Increase pipe size.
1.415 400.00 3.45 1559.33 34.39% Increase pipe size.
1.415 450.00 3.66 2093.24 11.93% Retain size.
1.415 500.00 3.85 2724.03 -14.61% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 550.00 4.04 3456.96 -45.45% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 570.00 4.11 3779.85 -59.04% Reduce pipe size.
1.415 600.00 4.22 4297.00 -80.79% Reduce pipe size.

4.1 Power validation at various pipe diameter Head loss, m


900 Power, kW
mm head, m Power, kW Water head loss, m Slurry friction loss, m
800
201.00 268.15 3172.11 229.61 12.45
700
251.00 108.89 1288.13 72.56 10.24
600
301.00 92.80 1097.78 28.38 38.33
500
351.00 46.98 555.73 12.86 8.02
400
401.00 39.99 473.02 6.50 7.40
300
451.00 36.58 432.67 3.56 6.92
501.00 34.73 410.79 200 2.09 6.55
551.00 32.76 387.50 100 1.29 5.38
601.00 31.69 374.92 - 0.83 4.77
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Technical Pump Review Pages 35/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01
Confidential. Do not share without consent.

5.1 Backward-fitted results from actual pump curve conditions


Concentration by volume, % magnetite per sands 0% [-]
Concentration by volume, % solids per water 30% [-]
Head Ratio & Efficiency ratio 0.998292 [-]
Curve flow capacity, water rated 2,376.74 cmh
Curve head, m 29.69 m
Curve efficiency, % 68.97% [-]
Curve power, kW 279.18 kW
Corrected power, at slurry, kW 349.87 kW

Technical Pump Review Pages 36/36


Kurimoto KSP550ESP Revision 01

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