Laboratory Activity

3 Structure of Hydrocarbons

INTRODUCTION
I. OBJECTIVES

II. MATERIALS

barbecue sticks, same length

coloring materials (optional)
illustration board/ large cardboard for mounting
protractor
styrofoam balls, same sizes

III. PROCEDURE

Aside from filling out the table, construct the structures of the highlighted HCs and apply the
necessary angles.

IV. DATA AND RESULTS

A. Structure of Alkanes
Alkane Lewis structure Bond angle

methane, CH4

ethane, CH3CH3

propane, CH3CH2CH3

butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3

2-methypropane,
CH3CH3CHCH3

B. Structure of Alkenes
Alkene Lewis structure Bond angle

ethene, H2C=CH2

propene, H2C=CHCH3

1- butene, H2C= CHCH2CH3

cis-2-butene, CH3CH=CHCH3

trans-2-butene,
CH3CH=CHCH3
 C. Structure of Alkynes
Alkyne Lewis structure Bond angle

ethyne, HC≡CH

propyne, HC≡CCH3

1- butyne,HC≡ CCH2CH3

2-butyne, CH3C≡CCH3

D. Structure of Arenes
Lewis structure Bond angle
Benzene

Toluene

E. Structure of Cycloalkanes
Lewis structure
Cyclopentane – envelope and half-chair

cis and trans 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane – chair

V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

VI. CONCLUSION

VII. QUESTIONS

1. How are alkanes, alkenes and alkynes differentiated?

2. How are aliphatic hydrocarbons different from aromatic hydrocarbons?
3. How are cyclic hydrocarbons different from aromatic hydrocarbons?
4. What is hybridization and identify the type of hybrid orbitals in alkanes, alkenes, alkynes,
cycloalkanes?