[EE Environment Management ay a University Prescribed Syllabus ‘Scope of environment Role and functions of Govemment as a planning and regulating agoncy. Environment quality management and corporate environmont responsibility, a2 . 42 GQ. 4.1.1 Write a explanatory note on scope of environment management... 42 ¥ Syllabus Topic : Role and Functions of Goverment as a Planning and Regulating Agency snd 4.2 Role and Functions of Government as a Planning and Regulating Agency in Environmental Management GQ. 4.2.1 Describe the role and function of government as a planning and regulating agency in environmental management... 424 Functions of Government as Planning and Regulating Agency.... GQ. 4.2.2 State various functions of government as planning and regulation agency. Y Syllabus Topic : Environmental Quality Management (EQM).. ware) 4.3. Environmental Quality Management (EQM). 46 GQ.4.3.1. Write a short on EOM. . oe eee nae Y Syllabus Topic : Corporate Environmental Responsibility... at 4.4 Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER). . “7 GQ. 4.4.1 Describe the role of Corporate environmental responsibilty. ......cnseunneenenn 47 49 © Chapter Ends........> yt. (MU-SEM 8) oO ital Mi enw Ewivenmens Managorart Syllabus Topic : Scope of Environment Management wal Scope of Environment Management ga 4s write a explanatory note on scope of environment management. ; Note that the ecological balance and ecosystem stability both are maintained by the nature itself but the emergence of modern industrial era has disturbed the ecological balance through heavy industrialization, technological revolution, faster growth of means of transportation, rapacious exploitation of resources, unplanned ur! ete. and thus it is essential to have proper environmental management in order to maintain the stability of ecological balance and ecosystem showing the wide scope in the area of environmental management. nization - Environmental management is, the process to improve the relationship between the human beings and environment which may be achieved through check on destructive n and regeneration of nature. activities of man, conservation, protection, regul: - Environmental management should take into account the ecological principles and socioeconomic requirements of the society. — Thus the environmental management has two major areas of development and stability. - These major areas are as follow: (Q) Socio-economic development (2) Stability of biosphere in general and stability of individual ecosystems ir particular. - Environmental management is very wide in scope and includes all the technical, economical and other aspects of environment. - Following points shows the wide scope of environment managements. ~The scope of environmental management has the following objectives : @ To control environmental pollution and gradation. (ii) To identify the environmental problem and to determine its solution to overcome (ii) To reduce the impacts of ext (iv) To restrict and regulate the exploitatio (¥) To regenerate degraded environment and to renew nat remo events and natural disaster. vn and utilization of natural resources. ural resources (renewable) (vi) ‘To assess the impacts of proposed projects and activities on environment. tay 5 7 ‘Ne Publenins Whos dala apie moron A SUCHIN SHAH VentureEnvironmental Mgmt (MU-SEM 8) 43 Environment Management (vii) To formulate laws for the implementation of environmental protection ang conservation programmes. (viii) To make optimum utilization of natural resources. (ix) To take review and revise the existing technologies and make them ecofriendly. So as to scope up with natural environment. The components of environmental management are based on five fundamental aspects : 1 3. 4. Environmental perception and public awareness () Sources of environmental perception and public awareness. (ii) Role of environmental perception in environmental planning and management. Environmental education and training Environmental education and training should be given at school, college and University levels by professionals. Resource management: @ Preservation of resources (ii) Classification of natural resources Conservation of resources Control of environmental degradation and pollution (@ Regeneration of degraded environment. (ii) Control of environmental degradation and pollution. (ii) Using the suitable preventive measure to decrease the natural hazards and disaster. Environmental impact assessment: The environmental impact assessment consist of : () Appraisal of existing and proposed production methods. (i Appraisal of existing environmental conditions. (ii) Review of technology and required improvement. (iv) Methologies and procedures. Tech-Neo PubBcatioes —_ Where Authors inspire innovation =A SACHIN SHAH VentureHAL eicamontal Alga, QWs a) a4 Environmant Managamant Syllabus Tople : Role and Functions of Government as a Planning and Regulating Agency m 4.2 Role and Functions of Government as a Planning and Regulating Agency in Environmental ment regulating agency 14a. 424 Describe the role and Aunction of government as a planning a ‘ in exvironmental Management: Following are the various roles to be performed by the government as a planning and regulating agency in environmental management : 1, To make the national waste management plan in order to regulate municipal waste collection, disposal of discarded equipment such as refrigerators and TVs and permits for hazardous waste shipment. i To prepare the environment quality criteria for emissions and discharges of harmful substances such as green house gases and heavy metals to air, water and soil. 3. Government makes environmental impact assessment which is prerequisite for the construction of major infrastructure such as refineries, nuclear power plants, chemical plant, roads, railways and oil and gas pipelines. 4. To make act on generate provisions for environmental laws which lays down the rules for granting an All-in-one permits for physical aspects. 5. To make rules and regulations for the emissions of substances harmful to environment, released from large companies such as chemical plants are required to obtain environmental permits which stipulate % 4.2.1 Functions of Government as Planning and Regulating Agency = There are a wide range of functions in order to protect environment. Following are the primary responsibilities or functions of Government as planning and regulating agency. 1, To provide environmental licensing. 2. To enforce the environmental law. Tech-Neo Publications Bere Authors inspire innovation ASCH SILL VeatareEnvironmental Mgmt. (MU-SEM 8 45 Environmant Management 3. To monitoring, analyzing and reporting on the environment. 4, Tomake environmental planning, education and guidance. s ‘To enhance and project the environmental development. To regulate greenhouse gas emissions. a To provide radiological protection. Pe To promote the waste management. al To provide strategic environmental assessment. Fig. 4.2.1 shows the functions of government. Limits for the discharge of substances harmful to the environment : Maintain law and, order Raise taxes. Provide public, [Functions of a)| ——~"| goods Government |. Minimise inequality ‘Macro-economic | Reduce market stability failure Fig. 4.2.1 : Functions of government 10, Human environment and transport inspectorate is largely responsible for ensuring the provisions of the environment management act are enforced. Enforcement is also a task of the municipalities, the police and the justice system. 11. To make environmental reporting which is directed to stimulating companies to make production cleaner and more environmentally friendly. 12. To order or give the notice to many companies such as these involved in metal processing and chemical production to publish an annual environmental report. 13. Ministry is responsible for ensuring that the reporting requirement of the EO Pollutant release and Transfer register (PRTR) are met. ‘Tech-Neo Publications —..-.Where Authors inspire innovation ho ol SUCTIY SEL VentureaI Environmental Mgmt. (MU-SEM 8) 4-6 Environment Managamant fn igomont 14. Government give the noti i repare an nt give the notice to the companies and organisations to prepare integrated PRTR report on waste; air emissions (greenhouses gases) and discharges into water sources. Syllabus Topic : Environmental Quality Management (EQM) m 4.3 Environmental Quality Management (EQM) ‘ . 4.3.1 Write a short on EQM. Environmental Quality management play a vital role in sustainable developments in environmental systems. Environmental quality management provides in environmental compliance, remediation and construction services, thus EQM is a leading environment consulting remediation and construction company which provides expertise in engineering and environmental compliance, environmental problems, environmental remediation and construction services related to industrial, public and government sectors. - EQM provides a robust approach to guide in all respect of air quality permitting, compliance outsourcing, water quality management, waste management, chemical reporting, industrial hygiene, stack testing ete. ~ Wetlands are a significant natural resource providing important habitat to many plant and animal species. - Following are the various common concerns related to EQM. (@ Management processes (i) Documentation processes (ii) \ Customer or stakeholder process (iv) Human resource management (v) Product or service realization process (vi) Monitoring and measurement process (vii) Emission or Waste management process (viii) Emergency management process (ix) Continual re improvement process Tech Neco Publications ——= Where Author inspire innovation =e SUCHIY SUM VentureEnvironmental Mgmnt. (MU-SEM 8) 7 Environmont Managernery See Syllabus Topic : Corporate Environmental Responsibility m 4.4 Corporate En Environmental Responsibility (CER) - With increasing awareness on environmental issues and the magnitude of costs associated, it has become imperative for companies to integrate environmental efforts into their business strategy. - In this regard, a growing body of environmental management literature suggests that firms can gain sustainable competitive advantages by reducing the adverse impacts of their operations on the natural environment (Clarkson et al, 2011). Environmental responsibility is now accepted as a norm for sustainable organizations. Corporate environmentalism manifests either as part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) or safety, health and environment (SHE) project of an organization. Corporate environmental responsibility (CER) as defined by Jamison et al. (2005) takes into account environmental commitment, whereby the company fully embraces sustainability and has a net positive impact on environment and society. Broadly CER can be described as precautions and policies organizations adopt to reduce and prevent hazards to environment (Kusku, 2007) along with stakeholder participation to induce transparency. With this realization and growing awareness, most polluting companies have also initiated environmentally responsible programs. *= Factors of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) Following are the factors of CER : Two theoretical perspectives natural resource based theory (NRBV) and ne0- institutional theory are adopted to investigate the contexts in which an organization is encouraged to undertake environmental actions and evaluate environmental strategies associated with them. Hoffman (2001) argues that while organizations do not simply react to the pressures dictated by the organizational field, they also do not act completely autonomously without the influence of external bounds. Tech-Neo Publications ——— Where Authors iapire innovation A SUCHIN SHAH VeaEnvironmental Mgmt. (MU-SEM 8) 48 Environmant Managomant Institutions are the “humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic and social interaction” (North, 1990). ‘Therefore, institutional mechanisms are further classified as regulatory forces, self- regulation, and stakeholder influence. Each of the factors of CER has a different influencing mechanism, but at the same time they are interlinked and have synergistic effect. Following table 4.4.1 shows the classification of Institutional mechanising related to corporate environmental responsibility. ‘Table 4.4.1 : Classification of Institutional mechanism Sr. | Regulatory forces. Market forces Self-regulation Stakeholder'influence No. e 1 |Extemal government | Competitive (United Nations | Social and environmental policies factors Requirements Global compact | movements. (2) Goverment (market pressure, (UNGC) regulation [cost and price (i) Global Reporting (b) Public performance |Competition) Initiative (GRI) audits Liberalization, Bilateral/muttilater| (©) Industrial privatization and al treaties. associations slobalization (LPG) (ii) Voluntary industry growth Dow Jones programs. |Sustainability Index, (national and FTSE4 Good international), EMS 14001 2 |Intemal organizational Civil Society Organizations features-abilities, factors (CSOs) and ENGOs ies of firm, size of activism socially responsible firm, its position in the investment (SRI) industry. |Community role Green jconsumerism Employees, labor unions, owners, shareholders, managerial decisions-values and beliefs, attitude toward | lenvironment. "F Barriers to CER ~ Capital budgets keep plant managers from making wise-long-term decisions ; total lifespan costing of plant equipment. Tecb-Nco Publications —— Where Authors inspire innovation —A SUCHIN SHAH VeatareEnvironmental Mgmt. (MU-SEM 8) a ronment Management Capital planning is supported by economic metrics that perpetuate behaviours that damage the environment or ignore social consequences ¢. g, GDP, ROL, NPV, ROF are built upon beliefs and assumptions that overlook measures that include environmental and social concerns. Barriers in CER can be categorized as institutional and cognitive. Both individual cognition and societal institutions act by force of habit, creating resistance to change and a rejection of new forms of policy and growth indicators. ‘The effectiveness or compliance of environmental regulations is dependent on the cost of mitigation, the comprehensiveness of the law in relation to the level of development of the society; and the ability of the industry to bear the costs of mitigation, the punitive measures, and the probability of detection of violation. To overcome the barriers, it is imperative to change beliefs and values assigned to the environment by all stakeholders. Training and communication play a crucial role in inereasing employee awareness, knowledge, and understanding of the adoption of EMS (Zutshi and Sohal, 2004). Benefits of CER Azzone and Manzini (1994) classify in two sets the advantages obtained from environmental strategies: internal advantages (which are a consequence of costs savings derived from a more efficient use of natural resources, reduction of fines for pollution or harmful activities to the environment and sanctions for actions against environmental laws) and external advantages (marketing benefits derived from a company's improved image and, therefore, its social legitimating). Margolis and Walsh, 2001, 2003; Orlitzky et aL, 2003) evaluated the relationship between changes in environmental performance and changes in financial performanct using different methodologies and concluded that environmental performance i positively related to financial performance. ‘These benefits further act as a motivating force for the organizations to pursue P™ environmental strategies. Thus, it becomes a two-way process. The organizations whic? for once have accrued benefits of cost, revenues, and reputation do not want to lose it and so continue to go beyond compliance and gain a positive outcome. Chapter Ends oad