Consumer Protection Laws

According to the link center for financial inclusion.org, The Philippine government embraced
RA 7394 (Consumer Act of the Philippines of 1991) as the legitimate reason for customer
protection in the country. The law the state policy on the protection of consumers and builds up
standards of conduct for business and industry in the country. 
The Act plans to ensure the "interest of the shopper, advance his overall government assistance
and set up guidelines of direct for business and industry”. There are five measures by embracing
the accompanying measures: Protection against health hazards and safety, provide enough rights,
Protection against unfair or deceptive acts or practices, and the involvement of consumer
representatives through social and economic policies. 
According to Shaw, Consumer Protection Law is an area of law oversaw by the Bureau of
Consumer Protection and managed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). This secures
consumers from deceptive and unethical activities taken by organizations. There are five
consumer protection laws: these are the following: the fair credit reporting act, the Gramm
Leach-Bliley act, the children’s online privacy protection act, the can-spam act, and the fair debt
collection act.

First, is the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) a law that focuses more explicitly on credit
reporting organizations, for example, consumers reporting on agencies, considering them liable
for the accuracy and security of personal data gathered; Second, is the Gramm-Leach-Bliley act
(GBLA) this law protects sensitive personal information such as credit information, full name
personal address, and social security number of the consumers; Third, is the children’s online
privacy protection act (COPPA) this law protects children and their parents by securing the
information a company can from a child and how the information is being used;

Fourth is the can-spam act, this law protects consumers from being spam or receives unwanted
communications from organizations. The consumers have the right to sue businesses that violate
this law; Fifth is the fair debt collection act (FDCPA) this law protects the consumer when they
cannot repay loans. In addition to that, they are restricting unfair or unethical actions on debt
collection organizations trying to collect debts to the consumer. Those are the consumer
protection laws.

Who are the agencies concerned in Consumer Protection Laws

According to the link negosyo center.gov.ph, there are three agencies that is concerned in
Consumer Protection Laws these are the following: Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS),
Consumer Protection and Advocacy Bureau (CPAB), and Fair-Trade Enforcement Bureau
(FTEB)
First is the Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS), this agency creates, advances, and implements
principles and related programs from one side of the country to the other. It likewise partakes
and addresses the country in different guidelines related activities worldwide and is a functioning
member from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and the
ASEAN Consultative Committee for Standards and Quality.

Second is the Consumer Protection and Advocacy Bureau (CPAB), this agency regulates the
promotion of exchange and customer protection laws and functions as a policy making body.
Third is Fair-Trade Enforcement Bureau (FTEB), this agency Directs the general implementation
of exchange and consumer protection laws.
 
FTEB handles import guidelines, sales promotion, monitors product standards, business permits,
implementation, and settling as respects the Consumer Act, Price Act, and Business Name Laws.
Those are the agencies concerned in Consumer Protection Laws.

Health Care Plans AND FINANCING SYSTEMS

Phil health

According to the link devex.com, Phil health was founded in 1995 as a universal health
coverage for the Philippines. This is a government-owned and government-controlled
corporation (GOCC) of the Philippines and it is linked to the department of health. The National
Health Insurance Program was set up to give health care coverage and guarantee affordable,
worthy, accessible and open medical care administrations for all residents of the Philippines.
 It will at first comprise of Programs I and II or Medicare and be extended dynamically to
establish one general health care coverage program for the whole population. The program will
be restricted to paying for the usage of health services by covered beneficiaries.

Health maintenance organizations

According to Hayes, Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) give health care coverage for a
monthly or yearly fee. Health maintenance organizations limit its coverage to clinical care
provided through doctors and other medical services suppliers who are under agreement to the
HMO. These agreements both take into consideration charges to be lower than for traditional
health care coverage since the health providers have the benefit of having patients coordinated to
them, however they likewise add extra limitations to the HMO's members.

Private health insurance

 
According to the link ehealthinsurance.com, Private health insurance refers to any health
insurance that is offered by a private entity rather than a state or federal government. Insurance
brokers and organizations both fall into this classification there are four types of private
insurance; these are the following: group plan through employer, catastrophic coverage
insurance, short-term insurance, and personal insurance. 

References:
Client Protection in the Philippines. Center for Financial Inclusion. (2011, October 14).
https://www.centerforfinancialinclusion.org/client-protection-in-the-philippines.
Shaw, J. A. (2019, March 3). 14 Consumer Protection Laws You Should Know. Law Firms in
Fort Lauderdale - Law Offices Near Me. https://zpllp.com/the-14-areas-of-consumer-protection-
laws-you-should-know/.
Consumer Protection. DTIWEB3. (2020). https://www.negosyocenter.gov.ph/about/the-
organization/consumer-protection.
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (Philhealth). Devex. (2020).
https://www.devex.com/organizations/philippine-health-insurance-corporation-philhealth-52412.
Hayes, A. (2020, August 28). What You Should Know About Health Maintenance Organizations
(HMOs). Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hmo.asp.
What Is Private Health Insurance? ehealth. (2020, November 23).
https://www.ehealthinsurance.com/resources/individual-and-family/what-is-private-health-
insurance#:~:text=Private%20health%20insurance%20refers%20to,both%20fall%20into%20this
%20category.