ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC BOUNDARY LAYER

REYNOLDS AVERAGED NAVIER-STOKES (RANS),

TURBULENT CLOSURE
BOUNDARY LAYER : REYNOLDS DECOMPOSITION
Splits the flow in two component

Vertical profile of horizontal velocity

+
« turbulent » fluctuations

Vx = Vx (z) + û

Vy = Vy (z) + v̂

Vz = 0 Vz = ŵ
STATISTICAL MEAN
Statistical mean properties

â = 0
A B = A B

A â = A â = 0

â b̂ ≠ 0
∂s A = ∂s A
NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS (REMINDER)
1
∂t V + ∇V.V = − ∇P + νΔV
ρ
V2/L nV/L2
kinematic viscosity
#∇V.V$ VL nwater(20°C) ~ 10-6 m2/s
Re = =
#νΔV$ ν nair(15°C) ~ 1.5 10-5 m2/s

Euler equation Re >>1

1
∂t V + ∇V.V = − ∇P
ρ
EULER EQUATIONS
1
Euler along Ox :
( )
∂t Vx + Vx∂x + Vy∂y + Vz∂z Vx = − ∂x P
ρ

Incompressibility : div(V) = ∂x Vx + ∂y Vy + ∂z Vz = 0

Vx∂x Vx + Vx∂y Vy + Vx∂z Vz = 0 + EULER

1
( ) ( ) ( )
∂t Vx + ∂x Vx2 + ∂z Vx Vz + ∂y Vx Vy = − ∂x P
ρ
REYNOLDS AVERAGE

1
∂t Vx + ∂x Vx2 + ∂z Vx Vz + ∂y Vx Vy = − ∂x P
ρ
2 2 2 2 2
Vx = Vx +2 Vx û + û = Vx + û
REYNOLDS AVERAGE

1
∂t Vx + ∂x Vx2 + ∂z Vx Vz + ∂y Vx Vy = − ∂x P
ρ
2 2 2
Vx = Vx + û

Vx Vz = Vx Vz + Vx ŵ + û Vz + û ŵ
REYNOLDS AVERAGE

1
∂t Vx + ∂x Vx2 + ∂z Vx Vz + ∂y Vx Vy = − ∂x P
ρ
2 2 2
Vx = Vx + û

Vx Vz = Vx Vz + û ŵ
REYNOLDS AVERAGE

1
∂t Vx + ∂x Vx2 + ∂z Vx Vz + ∂y Vx Vy = − ∂x P
ρ
2 2 2
Vx = Vx + û

Vx Vz = Vx Vz + û ŵ

Vx Vy = Vx Vy + û v̂
REYNOLDS AVERAGE

1
∂t Vx + ∂x Vx2 + ∂z Vx Vz + ∂y Vx Vy = − ∂x P
ρ

2
∂t Vx + ∂x Vx (
+ ∂z Vx ) (
Vz + ∂y Vx Vy )
1
+ ∂x û 2 + ∂z ûŵ + ∂y ûv̂ = − ∂x P
ρ
REYNOLDS AVERAGE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS (RANS)
Euler equations Turbulent dissipation

1
∂ t Vx + Vx ∂ x Vx + Vy ∂ y Vx +
ρ
(
∂ x P = − ∂ x û
2
+ ∂ y û v̂ + ∂z ŵ û )
1
∂ t Vy + Vx ∂ x Vy + Vy ∂ y Vy +
ρ
(
∂ y P = − ∂ y v̂
2
+ ∂ x û v̂ + ∂z ŵ v̂ )
We assume here <Vz>=0
 CLOSURE RELATIONS

The turbulence theory is based on closing relations who express the

statistical mean of the fluctuations uˆi uˆ j as a function of the mean
fields Vi and/or their derivatives.

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