Certainly!

Here are algorithms for A*, Random Search, and Best-First Search, which are additional
uninformed search strategies:

(i) A* Algorithm:

Input: Initial state, heuristic function

Output: Goal state (if found) or failure

1. Create an empty priority queue and enqueue the initial state with a priority of 0.

2. Create an empty set to keep track of visited states.

3. While the priority queue is not empty:

     a. Dequeue the state with the highest priority from the queue.

     b. If the state is the goal state, return it as the solution.

     c. Add the current state to the visited set.

     d. Generate all possible next states from the current state.

     e. For each next state:

          - If it has not been visited before:

               * Calculate the heuristic value for the next state.

               * Enqueue the next state with a priority equal to the sum of the heuristic value and the cost to reach
that state.

               * Add it to the visited set.

4. If the priority queue becomes empty and no solution is found, return failure.

(ii) Random Search Algorithm:

Input: Initial state, number of iterations

Output: Goal state (if found) or failure

1. Set the current state to the initial state.

2. For i = 1 to the number of iterations:

     a. If the current state is the goal state, return it as the solution.
Page 1 of 4
     b. Generate a random next state from the current state.

     c. Set the current state to the next state.

3. If the goal state is not found after the specified number of iterations, return failure.

(iii) Best-First Search Algorithm:

Input: Initial state, heuristic function

Output: Goal state (if found) or failure

1. Create an empty priority queue and enqueue the initial state with a priority calculated using the heuristic
function.

2. Create an empty set to keep track of visited states.

3. While the priority queue is not empty:

     a. Dequeue the state with the highest priority from the queue.

     b. If the state is the goal state, return it as the solution.

     c. Add the current state to the visited set.

     d. Generate all possible next states from the current state.

     e. For each next state:

          - If it has not been visited before:

               * Calculate the heuristic value for the next state.

               * Enqueue the next state with a priority based on the heuristic value.

               * Add it to the visited set.

4. If the priority queue becomes empty and no solution is found, return failure.

In A*, Best-First Search, and Random Search algorithms, the heuristic function is used to estimate the cost or
distance from a state to the goal state. The priority queue ensures that states with lower heuristic values or
costs are explored first.

Remember that Random Search does not guarantee an optimal solution, while A* and Best-First Search
algorithms prioritize states based on heuristic values to find the most promising paths.

Page 2 of 4
Certainly! Here's some theory behind A*, Random Search, and Best-First Search:

1. A* Algorithm:

   - A* (pronounced "A-star") is an informed search algorithm that combines the advantages of both uniform
cost search and greedy best-first search.

   - It uses a heuristic function, denoted as h(n), to estimate the cost from the current state to the goal state.

   - A* evaluates states based on a combination of the actual cost to reach a state (g(n)) and the estimated cost
to the goal state (h(n)).

   - The evaluation function f(n) = g(n) + h(n) determines the priority of states in the priority queue. It selects
the state with the lowest f(n) value for expansion.

   - A* guarantees optimality (finding the shortest path) when the heuristic function satisfies the following
conditions:

     * It never overestimates the actual cost to reach the goal state (i.e., h(n) is admissible).

     * It is consistent, meaning the estimated cost from one state to a successor state, plus the heuristic cost
from the successor state to the goal, is never greater than the estimated cost from the current state to the goal
(i.e., h(n) is consistent or monotonic).

2. Random Search:

   - Random Search is an uninformed search algorithm that explores the search space by randomly selecting
next states without using any specific heuristic or guidance.

   - It does not consider any knowledge about the problem or the state space structure.

   - Random Search is not guaranteed to find an optimal solution and its performance heavily depends on
chance and the number of iterations.

   - Random Search can be useful in some scenarios where the search space is large and the goal is to find any
valid solution, rather than an optimal one.

3. Best-First Search:

   - Best-First Search is an informed search algorithm that selects the most promising states to explore based
on a heuristic function.

   - It uses a heuristic evaluation function to prioritize states in the search process.

   - The evaluation function f(n) = h(n) determines the priority of states in the priority queue, where h(n) is the
estimated cost to reach the goal state.

   - Best-First Search is not guaranteed to find an optimal solution unless the heuristic function is admissible.

   - Unlike A*, Best-First Search does not consider the actual cost to reach a state and relies solely on the
heuristic function for decision making.

Page 3 of 4
These algorithms provide different trade-offs between optimality and efficiency. A* is optimal when using an
admissible and consistent heuristic, while Best-First Search is efficient but not necessarily optimal. Random
Search is a simple and uninformed approach, suitable for certain scenarios but lacking guarantees of
optimality.

Understanding the characteristics and properties of these search algorithms can help in selecting the
appropriate approach based on the problem at hand.

Page 4 of 4