Jay Patel: 60004210114 SE

Database Management System

Experiment No-11

Aim: Case study on recent DBMS and one real life application where one of these DBMS
used

What is DBMS?

A database management system (or DBMS) is essentially nothing more than a computerized
data-keeping system. Users of the system are given facilities to perform several kinds of
operations on such a system for either manipulation of the data in the database or the
management of the database structure itself. Database Management Systems (DBMSs) are
categorized according to their data structures or types.

There are several types of databases that can be used on a mainframe to exploit z/OS®:
inverted list, hierarchic, network, or relational.

Mainframe sites tend to use a hierarchical model when the data structure (not data values) of
the data needed for an application is relatively static. For example, a Bill of Material (BOM)
database structure always has a high level assembly part number, and several levels of
components with subcomponents. The structure usually has a component forecast, cost, and
pricing data, and so on. The structure of the data for a BOM application rarely changes, and
new data elements (not values) are rarely identified. An application normally starts at the top
with the assembly part number, and goes down to the detail components.

Hierarchical and relational database systems have common benefits. RDBMS has the
additional, significant advantage over the hierarchical DB of being non-navigational. By
navigational, we mean that in a hierarchical database, the application programmer must know
the structure of the database. The program must contain specific logic to navigate from the
root segment to the desired child segments containing the desired attributes or elements. The
program must still access the intervening segments, even though they are not needed.
Examples of DBMS:

1. FoxPro

FoxPro is programming language as well as it develops an application development

environment. It is also Database Manager. It is also called Relational Database Management
System because of its various features.

It has various different tools which helps in development and design of applications in very
easy way. It also provides platform for new databases and to perform new tasks on that
databases.
In earlier times, this language is used to be most powerful and most used language and
database manager. But with the time, many new languages, database, programming and many
softwares were developed. Nowadays, this language is not used much but still it is most
powerful language and database management system.

It has various versions- DBASE I, DBASE II, DBASE III, DBASE III+, DBASE IV,
FOXBASE, FOXBASE +, FOXPRO.

The version 2.5 of FoxPro and versions released after it is can be worked on Windows and
DOS operating system. With Graphical User Interface, graphical forms can also be done on
FoxPro.

Advantages:

 Provides the object-oriented programming syntax.

 Visual Tools
 Supports multimedia database.
 Inexpensive

Disadvantages:

 No low-level programming can be done.

 Scalability of database.

2. DB2
DB2 is a database product from IBM. It is a Relational Database Management System
(RDBMS). DB2 is designed to store, analyze and retrieve the data efficiently. DB2 product is
extended with the support of Object-Oriented features and non-relational structures with
XML.

History

Initially, IBM had developed DB2 product for their specific platform. Since year 1990, it
decided to develop a Universal Database (UDB) DB2 Server, which can run on any
authoritative operating systems such as Linux, UNIX, and Windows.

Versions

For IBM DB2, the UDB current version is 10.5 with the features of BLU Acceleration and its
code name as 'Kepler'. All the versions of DB2 till today are listed below:

Version Code Name

3.4 Cobweb

8.1, 8.2 Stinger

9.1 Viper

9.5 Viper 2

9.7 Cobra

9.8 It added features with Only PureScale

10.1 Galileo

10.5 Kepler
 3. PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system that uses and
extends the SQL language combined with many features that safely store and scale the most
complicated data workloads. The origins of PostgreSQL date back to 1986 as part of
the POSTGRES project at the University of California at Berkeley and has more than 30
years of active development on the core platform.

PostgreSQL has earned a strong reputation for its proven architecture, reliability, data
integrity, robust feature set, extensibility, and the dedication of the open source community
behind the software to consistently deliver performant and innovative solutions. PostgreSQL
runs on all major operating systems, has been ACID-compliant since 2001, and has powerful
add-ons such as the popular PostGIS geospatial database extender. It is no surprise that
PostgreSQL has become the open source relational database of choice for many people and
organisations.

Getting started with using PostgreSQL has never been easier - pick a project you want to
build, and let PostgreSQL safely and robustly store your data.

PostgreSQL comes with many features aimed to help developers build applications,

administrators to protect data integrity and build fault-tolerant environments, and help you
manage your data no matter how big or small the dataset. In addition to being free and open
source, PostgreSQL is highly extensible. For example, you can define your own data types,
build out custom functions, even write code from different programming languages without
recompiling your database!
 4. MariaDB

MariaDB Server is one of the most popular open source relational databases. It’s made by the
original developers of MySQL and guaranteed to stay open source. It is part of most cloud
offerings and the default in most Linux distributions.

It is built upon the values of performance, stability, and openness, and MariaDB Foundation
ensures contributions will be accepted on technical merit. Recent new functionality includes
advanced clustering with Galera Cluster 4, compatibility features with Oracle Database and
Temporal Data Tables, allowing one to query the data as it stood at any point in the past.

5. SQLite

SQLite is a C-language library that implements a small, fast, self-contained, high-

reliability, full-featured, SQL database engine. SQLite is the most used database engine in the
world. SQLite is built into all mobile phones and most computers and comes bundled inside
countless other applications that people use every day. More Information...

The SQLite file format is stable, cross-platform, and backwards compatible and the
developers pledge to keep it that way through the year 2050. SQLite database files are
commonly used as containers to transfer rich content between systems and as a long-term
archival format for data. There are over 1 trillion (1e12) SQLite databases in active use.

SQLite source code is in the public-domain and is free to everyone to use for any purpose.

Most Popular Databases in the world:

Database Engine Rankings in the last few Years:

 Comparison of the databases:

Features FoxPro DB2 PostgreSQL MariaDB SQLite

Database Relational Relational Object- open source relational

Database Database Relational relational database
Type Database databases
Model

Programmed  text-based PL/X, C, C++, C C, C++, Perl, C

in procedurally assembly Bash
oriented
programming
language

Language ---------------- Python, Ruby, Perl, Python, C, C++, Java 7,  C (programmin

Support Go, Java, PHP, Tcl, .Net, C, Java 8, g language)
Node. js and C++ Node. js, libraries. Cross-
Java
Sequelize. ODBC, platform
Python, software.
R2DBC

ACID Yes Yes( possess a Yes Yes Yes

compliant certain degree
of ACID
compliance)

Support On Mac OS, AIX ,Linux, Linux, Linux,  Android,

various OS DOS, Windows,Mac Windows, Windows, *BSD, iOS,
Windows, OS X MacOS, BSD, MacOS, BSD, Linux, Mac,
and Unix. UNIX UNIX Solaris,
VxWorks, and
Windows

Data Types Character, Character , ENUM, ENUM, SET, Integer, Text,

Numeric, Numeric and POINT, LINE, GIS data types None, Real,
Float, Date, Data & Time LSEG, BOX, (Geometry, Numeric
Logical, PATH, Point, Curve,
Memo, POLYGON, LineString,
General CIRCLE, Surface,
CIDR, INET, Polygon,
MACADDR, GeometryColle
BIT, UUID, c tion,
XML, JSON, MultiPoint,
 JSONB, arrays, MultiCurve,
composites, MultiLineStrin
ranges, custom g,
MultiSurface,
MultiPolygon)

Real Life Application of One Database:

Skype

This application probably does not need an introduction – it’s one of the most popular instant
messaging and video calling services in the world. According to various estimates, Skype is
used by nearly 100 million people each month; 40 million people use it daily.

Because of COVID-19, this number has recently increased significantly. In official

announcements, Skype representatives have said they use PostgreSQL as their main tool for
working with databases. It is used to store user, chat, and call data. The connections are
directed to an external VOIP service running on Asterisk, which also uses PostgreSQL.
Conclusion: Hence, we saw various new database technologies like ORDBMS,
NoSQL, In Memory store etc. We also compared their features and a product
that utilizes one of these technologies.