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ENGINEERING IN OIL MANAGEMENT

1st Semester, English I

Teacher:

Steve Mario Ramos Medina

Members:

● Layme Mamani Erick Brayan

● Mariaca Gonzales Eguever Kevin
● Paredes Angulo Dylan Alejandro
● Quispe Choque Jose Luis
● Villalba Alberth Street Israel

APRIL 2023

LA PAZ, BOLIVIA
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INDEX

INTRODUCTION................................................. ................................................................ .................. 1

GOALS................................................. ................................................................ ............................2

general objective................................................ ................................................................ ....................... .1

specific objectives................................................ ................................................................ ................2

DEVELOPMENT................................................................ ................................................................ ......................3

Petroleum Engineering: What is it?............................................ ................................................................ .......1

How is oil classified? ................................................................ .....2

Petroleum Engineering: what is it about?........................................... ..............................................3

Petroleum Engineering Specialties..................................................... .....................................4

Petroleum Industrial Engineering................................................... ................................................................ ...5

Production Engineering................................................... ................................................................ ...........6

Petroleum Engineering: exploration..................................................... .................................................. 7

Petroleum and Metallurgical Engineering.................................................. ................................................. 8

Petroleum Engineering and Alternative Energies............................................... .......................................9

CONCLUSION................................................. ................................................................ ....................... 4

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................. ................................................................ .....................5

ANNEXES.................................................. ................................................................ ..................................6

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1. INTRODUCTION

Petroleum Management Engineering is an academic discipline that deals with understanding and

Optimize operational processes related to the oil industry. This discipline is

deals with the administration of the extraction, transport, storage and

distribution of oil, natural gas and its derivatives. Engineering in Petroleum Management is

can be thought of as a combination of fields such as mechanical engineering, chemistry,

electrical, civil and petroleum, together with business and administrative knowledge. He

The objective of this discipline is to provide students with the necessary education to

work in any phase of the oil industry, from exploration and extraction to production

distribution and commercialization, as well as the understanding of the economic aspects,

related political and environmental In addition, students also focus on the

use of new technologies to improve the efficiency of the oil industry, including the

process control technology, automation, data analysis

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2.OBJECTIVES
2.1.General Objective

Inform future professionals in Petroleum Engineering, strengthening knowledge, in

accordance with scientific-theoretical progress, socio-cultural needs, globalizing trends

and the country's economic reality.

2.2.Specific objectives.

Being able to develop skills and knowledge to improve efficiency and productivity

of the oil sector through the application of management techniques, technology of

information, data processing, inventory control and state-of-the-art technologies.

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3.DEVELOPMENT

3.1.Petroleum Engineering: What is it?

Before beginning to break down what Petroleum Engineering is, we must first talk about

petroleum, since this is the raw material that Petroleum Engineers use to manufacture their

derivatives such as gasoline and plastic.

The etymological origin of the word petroleum comes from the Greek “πετρέλαιον” which means

rock oil. It is also called crude oil, black gold or crude oil.

Petroleum is a non-renewable resource that is composed of organic matter in

combination of water, this matter is mainly insoluble in water. The origins of

oil are still uncertain, but the most accepted theory is that black gold was formed in the

interior of the earth specifically between the geological traps, there it decomposes and

accumulates organic sediments ̶ among them dinosaurs ̶. After discovering according to

characteristics of the terrain and previous studies, where the oil will be found, we will proceed to

its extraction.

Regarding the physical characteristics of this material, we have that if the temperature and pressure

are in "normal" conditions, the oil will be a bituminous liquid, with colors ranging from

from yellow to black, with textures ranging from fluid to highly viscous, and the density

it can range from about 0.66 g/ml to about 0.9785 g/ml.

Other characteristics to highlight are the concentration of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, vanadium,

nickel, cobalt, molybdenum and cholesterol but in smaller amounts. It's basically a

mixture of organic origin whose main compounds are these vegetables and animals.
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This can be considered a sedimentary rock, and its viscosity is given by the union of

characteristics such as the combination of the different states of matter such as the

liquid, solid and gaseous, and of course the boiling point of the different components.

All the characteristics that we mentioned before make the viscosity of the

oil possible.

These characteristics are given by the concentration of hydrocarbons present in the

mixture, which makes that despite being a mixture with the same components it is a bit

different or varies according to the well where it is located.

Petroleum has such a varied chemical composition that it is subdivided into four types

different from hydrocarbons; in saturated hydrocarbons or paraffins, in hydrocarbons

unsaturated or olefins, in cycloalkanes or naphthenes, and in aromatic hydrocarbons.

3.2.How is oil classified?

This appreciated material can be classified in various ways, among them are by its

birthplace; for its density ̶ extra heavy, heavy, medium, and light ̶; andsweet raw,to

it is so called because it contains sulfur and requires a greater number of operations to

can be used later.

According to its composition, oil can be classified as paraffins, naphthenes and base oils.

mixed.

TheparaffinsThey are that type of oil where hydrocarbons of a natural nature predominate.

saturated, their colors are clear, they have a lot of paraffin, they are light oils and they have

little asphalt. Lubricating oil and naphtha are obtained from this type of oil.
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The kindnaphtheneshave a greater presence of ethylenic, diethylenic and

benzenes; their texture is viscous, their color is dark and they are heavier than paraffins.

When distilled, they produce larger amounts of asphalt residues.

And finally we have themixed base oilsare those that are made up of

intermediate bases already have a combination of different types of hydrocarbons ̶

paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics ̶ this is the main type of oil that abounds throughout the

world.

How did oil originate?

Petroleum originates from the decomposition of organic matter as remains of

dinosaurs and plants (such as algae, zooplankton, plants and microorganisms) that

accumulated in the ancient seabed or in areas where millions of years ago

seas existed.

There the remains of organic matter were buried under layers of sediments, which

Subsequently, they were naturally subjected to different chemical and physical processes.

to result in a material called oil.

Oil fields formed because organic debris was trapped in

a kind of cave with no exit called an oil trap, this is characterized by being

composed of impermeable rocks; contrary to other types of deposit where its

rock is permeable (sedimentary) and allows the exit of lighter materials such as

liquids or gases, this makes it easier to identify the presence of oil.

When the first oil deposits were discovered, the truth was very easy since

they were discovered by chance or were very close to the surface; then with him
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boom in the oil industry were forced to search for new deposits of

exhaustively ̶ those who did not give up ̶ this gave rise to the creation of

Petroleum Engineering.

Today oil exploitation is very different from its origins, since despite continuing to

I extend oil the superficial deposits have already been exploited; the new ones are more

meters deep and you have to do more calculations, procedures and even paths

and install bases to be able to exploit said deposits. These are in areas

uninhabited or sparsely populated such as deserts or jungles.

Thanks to the need to find new deposits, thePetroleum engineering

definition, is the combination of the science of Engineering in order to study the

hydrocarbons, the techniques to discover the location of the deposits, to exploit them,

to transport oil, and later transform it producing other products.

Covering the different stages of the oil industry such as exploration, drilling,

production, transportation, storage, refining, marketing, and finally

the negotiation of oil contracts.

For professionals in Petroleum Engineering, the use of science is very important, in

especially physics and chemistry. The knowledge acquired throughout the course is

will find themselves in constant evolution due to the repeated search for new resources for the

production of petroleum products and its optimization.

3.3. Petroleum Engineering: what is it about?

Basically, Petroleum Engineering uses the knowledge and tools that

provided by the sciences, especially mathematics, physics, and chemistry. These are from
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vital importance for the development of the activities of a Petroleum Engineer, since without

they would not be able to create solutions to the "problem" that involves locating the deposits of

oil, exploit them and then create a product.

The purpose of Petroleum Engineering is to create and improve performance for the industry,

thus optimizing production. These procedures range from the fact of

find deposits until their exploitation, without leaving aside their transport and

creation of new hydrocarbons.

Some of the capabilities that professionals in the field of Petroleum Engineering have

are:

The petroleum engineer is capable of creating methods for the exploitation of petroleum

· Exploitation must be carried out in a rational manner, since care must be taken not only of the

economic growth of a country or a company, must also have taken into account

to the environment, if there were no oil.

· Take care of oil. It is responsible for the production and optimization of this important resource

non-renewable, making this industry as sustainable as possible.

· His knowledge in oil matters not only focuses on the national level, he also

they do in the international arena, since oil is found all over the world and

engineers must handle standard information.

· It is adaptable, that is, it imports the context where the Engineer is working

Tanker is able to fix quickly and efficiently.

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· In addition, the petroleum engineer has the capacity to give his contributions in related works

with the production of electrical energy in geothermal deposits.

· Another of the benefits that the presence of petroleum engineers brings to the communities,

part of the sustainable, effective and optimal administration of oil, is the fact of generating

new jobs thus avoiding migration to big cities.

The data used by petroleum engineers is provided by geologists,

geophysicists, physicists, geographers and chemists, that is, the engineer specializing in Engineering

Petrolera will be used to working in multidisciplinary teams.

· In oil-related projects it is impossible to carry them out without the help of

various professionals, even though the engineer sees matters such as geology and other purposes, he does not

they are as qualified as a geologist would be, for example.

3.4.Specialties of Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum Engineering, in addition to being a science, is also a career, and as such it has

several specialties, among them are Petroleum Industrial Engineering, engineering

of production, Exploration Engineering, Petroleum Engineering in Reservoirs,

Drilling Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Metallurgy, Petroleum Engineering

, Alternative Energies, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering.

Each of them allows a better development with respect to each of the processes that

carried out in the oil industry, processes ranging from extraction to refining. Is

that is why the specialties have been created.

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3.5. Industrial Petroleum Engineering

Basically, a petroleum industrial engineer is in charge of designing, improving, planning

and control industrial processes in oil companies; they are in charge of improving

organization, policies and maintenance through planning, design and

improvement of strategies applicable to each area.

The engineer in this specialty has the ability to plan, design, improve and control

all the norms and procedures that are related to the protection both

of its workers and of the product.

In companies, the engineer can fulfill the role of consultant, adviser and organizer in

oil industry matter.

These actions are oriented towards socioeconomic benefits of the country and region where they are

carry out any activity related to oil, this contributes to the development and wealth of

the population.

A petroleum industrial engineer is capable of performing the following actions:

Supervise quality control of both processes and products

· The engineer will be able to design the production process, as well as improve it. Besides

to plan and control this process

· Evaluates and controls the projects, it will also carry out more specific evaluations at the

technical and economic

Ensure proper hygiene and of course industrial safety

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Have the ability to design new products

The professional in this area can also dedicate himself to teaching

· And last but not least, you will have the ability to manage human resources

3.6. Production Engineering

This branch of petroleum engineering is in charge of once the oil has been extracted from its

deposit, is transferred to the ports, refineries or petrochemical plants, for its

subsequent transformation into derived products such as fuel, methicone, clothing,

plastic, cosmetics, lubricants, among others.

Before being transformed and subsequently used, oil must go through a series of

These phases include the production method to be used, the design of the facilities

surfaces for oil processing or their optimization, these

facilities include:

· Storage tanks

· Phase separators

· Flow lines

· Purification systems

In theoil and gas engineeringthere are pumping and compression systems, these can

be for oil or natural gas.

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These phases serve to subject both oil and natural gas to conditions that

allow their subsequent use for the creation of new products.

Some of the functions that petroleum engineers have in this specialty are

creation of new methods for oil refining or improvement of

methods; is in charge of supervising the construction, assembly, and operation of

refineries and create projects that are useful in these processes.

3.7.Petroleum Engineering: exploration

The purpose of this specialty is the search for oil and gas through methods such as

stratigraphic survey, geophysical prospecting and mapping, in addition to the

interpretation of the information obtained by geologists.

The analysis of this information gives rise to engineers to carry out stratigraphic surveys.

that will allow them to take samples of the subsoil, these will help them to reaffirm their theories with

regarding whether the land contains hydrocarbons. The exploration phase allows to determine the

layers of the ground, how and what they are composed of.

The samples are analyzed in specialized laboratories such as the laboratories of

rock physics, through acoustic, electrical or nuclear procedures. Subsequently

these potential deposits begin to be exploited.

The important process of exploration currently has two types such as the

superficial exploration and deep exploration.

Surface Exploration is carried out through topographical surveys, analysis of

soils and hydrocarbons, surface geological surveys, and geophysical surveys.

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Topographic surveys are applied on large scales; the superficial geological

where sedimentary rocks are found and geophysicists in gravimetric methods.

Generally, oil companies have a department of geology and geophysics, which

is in charge of carrying out these analyses, thanks to which it is possible to establish more accurately

the mantles with hydrocarbon deposits and where exactly should be drilled.

Deep Exploration is carried out when oil prospects are in the

surface exploration phase, through the drilling of deep wells. Some of

The methods used are electrical, chemical and thermal logging, photography of the

well walls, and drilling timing

The drilling of wells in search of oil in the country began in 1923, thanks to the

exploration works carried out by the SOC, the same ones that materialized in the

drilling of 12 geological structures and the discovery of four oil fields:

Bermejo and Sanandita-Tarija, Camiri-Santa Cruz, and Camatindi-Chuquisaca.

What is Hydrocarbon Exploration?

It is a set of activities that use direct and indirect methods, with the

purpose of identifying, discovering and evaluating the geological structures capable of containing in

the subsoil, these methods include the phase of previous reconnaissance, surface studies and

subsoil studies by drilling wells. It is searched with the exploration of

hydrocarbons evaluate the oil potential of a region.

Some of the indirect methods are:

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surface geology :includes previous studies of the area, maps, aerial photos,

satellite imagery and field geology

potential methods :includes magnetic and gravimetric methods provided with

magnetometers and gravimeters, with which information is collected that allows differentiating the

types of subsurface rock and the possible deformations of the basement that infer the

formation of geological structures.

Regional seismic: is the seismic acquisition process is the most widely used geophysical method to

worldwide for the exploitation of hydrocarbons, which can be purchased in three types of

environments: marine, terrestrial and transition zones.

The direct method used in the exploratory phase is:

Drilling of exploratory wells :which allow confirming the information obtained

by indirect methods and it is the only way to verify the existence of hydrocarbons.

deposits

What is a deposit? .This is found in the subsoil and can be called a

permeable and porous layer, in the "pores" it houses hydrocarbons either in a liquid or

gaseous (petroleum or natural gas). And it is precisely their content that makes them

commercially attractive and therefore exploitable.

The importance of Petroleum Engineering in Reservoirs is to be the link between these and the

production systems. Being this specialty one of the most important of Engineering

Oil.
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The main function of the specialist reservoir engineer is to ensure the exploitation of the

hydrocarbon in an optimal way; other functions are to actively participate in the process

extraction, carry out studies on the rock present in the deposit or reservoir, and plan the

hydrocarbon extraction process.

The oil deposits were formed because the organic remains were trapped in a kind of
cave with no exit called an oil trap, this is characterized by being composed of
impermeable rocks; Contrary to other types of reservoir where its rock is permeable
(sedimentary) and allows the output of lighter materials such as liquids or gases, this
makes it easier to identify the presence of oil.

Then, with the rise of the oil industry, they were forced to search for new deposits
exhaustively, those who did not give up, that is, thanks to the need to find new
deposits, thePetroleum Engineering the same isthe combination of the science
of Engineering in order to study hydrocarbons, the techniques to discover the
location of the deposits, to exploit them, to transport the oil, and later transform
it producing other products.

EMPHASIS ON EXPLORATION, DRILLING AND PRODUCTION

· Static characterization of reservoirs

· Well stimulation

Hydraulic fracturing

· Geostatistics

· Basic geology

· Reservoir geology

Well drilling engineering

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Production engineering

Introduction to drilling

Secondary recovery methods

Deep water drilling

· Hydrocarbon pumping and compression processes

· Properties of petroleum fluids

· Geophysical records

· Artificial production systems

· Selected topics in petroleum engineering

· Completion and maintenance of wells

3.8.Petroleum and Metallurgical Engineering

If you dedicate yourself to the specialty of metallurgy you will have the possibility to process materials

metallic, to transform them into raw material for different industries, not only the oil industry;

you will study the structure of the different materials at a microscopic level, it contributes to mining

through the process of products for the same; allows you to create materials as well as

metals and alloys.

The creation of these new materials is useful for the manufacture of motors, dynamos,

mechanical structures, transformation of dynamos, among others. The objective is to manufacture parts,
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equipment and mechanisms that allow us to carry out a specific action in order to cover the

needs currently.

Regarding the labor field, you can work in foundry companies, metallurgy, in

oil industries, petrochemicals, energy industries, waterworks, companies

construction and teaching.

3.9.Petroleum Engineering and Alternative Energies

This is another of the many specialties of Petroleum Engineering. The professionals who

practice have the ability to create and direct the extraction of hydrocarbons, the creation of

energy of various types (solar, biochemical, wind, and hydraulic), in addition to construction

of structures suitable for the production of energy, the installation of said structure; as well as

also the refinement, conduction and transportation of said energy.

If you are a professional in this area you will have extensive knowledge of chemistry, physics and

engineering which will allow you to develop all the aspects previously described.

These sciences are the fundamental basis of this specialty.

An engineer dedicated to alternating energies will be able to carry out work in terms of

activities related to the extraction, refinement and subsequent storage of

hydrocarbons; production of energy that does not come from oil; in companies of

energies; manage energy and fuels; advice to companies dedicated to the

Energy production.
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4.CONCLUSION

As we have been able to see throughout the document, the petroleum engineering career is one of the

the most demanded internationally, however, at the national level, our country comes out

benefited by the export of hydrocarbons, such benefits would be:

– Independence and equality of States.

– Cooperation and solidarity between States.

– Universal access to public services.

– Protection and preference of national production.

The petroleum engineering career currently does not attract the attention of many young people, this

due to the impact of renewable energies, but it is expected that for another 50 years, the

Oil will continue to be the main source of world energy, which is why it is necessary to

profitability of this race. Based on all the information obtained, our country continues

requiring leaders in this race, innovators in the field of oil, so that the country

meet your development goals.

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5.BIBLIOGRAPHY

6. ANNEXES