FEM Lab Assignment

Introduction to Finite Element Method

Feb – May 2023
Project

V Vyshnav
AM.EN.U4MEE20069
14/05/2023

Department of Mechanical Engineering (ME)

Amrita School of Engineering
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.
FEM Lab Assignment

Problem Statement 1
Beam Problem
A medical company is designing a spinal implant made of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)
to aid in the healing of spinal fractures. The implant has a cylindrical shape with a
diameter of 10 mm and a height of 50 mm. The company wants to ensure that the
implant can withstand a compressive load of 500 N without any deformation or
failure. Your task is to perform a finite element analysis using ANSYS to determine if
the design meets the required specifications.

Mesh Model Image:

Boundary Conditions:
● The implant is fixed at the bottom.
● A compressive load of 500 N is applied at the top of the implant.
● The analysis is performed under static structural analysis.

Selected options for Solution to be generated:

● Deformation
● Stress
● Strain
● Energy
FEM Lab Assignment

Material Specifications:
The spinal implant is made of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with the following properties:
● Young's modulus E = 114 GPa
● Poisson's ratio ν = 0.3
● Density ρ = 4420 kg/m³
● Yield strength σ_yield = 880 MPa
Solution:
FEM Lab Assignment

From the analysis, we can see that the maximum deformation of the spinal implant is
approximately 0.0015 mm, which is well within the acceptable range for medical
implants. The maximum von Mises stress in the implant is approximately 8.58 MPa,
which is also well below the yield strength of the material. The total strain energy
stored in the implant is approximately 1.7121e-007 J.

From the results, we can conclude that the spinal implant design is suitable for
withstanding a compressive load of 500 N without any deformation or failure. The
maximum stress in the implant is well below the yield stress of the titanium alloy
material, indicating that the implant will not experience any plastic deformation or
failure under normal use conditions.

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FEM Lab Assignment

Problem Statement 2
Truss Problem
A steel truss roof is being designed to span pillars of 18 meters. The roof is
supported by many steel columns with a max height of 6.75 meters. The roof has
many members as shown below. The truss is made up of steel members with a
circular cross-section and a diameter of 100 mm. The company wants to ensure that
the truss can withstand a maximum load of 3000 kN without any deformation or
failure. Your task is to perform a finite element analysis using ANSYS to determine if
the design meets the required specifications.
Mesh Model Image:
FEM Lab Assignment

Boundary Conditions:
● The truss is supported by many steel columns with a max height of 6.75
meter.
● A load of 300 kN is applied at the center of the roof deck.
● Further load of 300 kN is applied at the second member of the roof deck
● The analysis is performed under static structural analysis.
● The left end is fixed support.
● Right end is rolling support. (x axis)

Selected options for Solution to be generated:

● Deformation
● Stress
● Strain
● Energy

Material Specifications:
● The truss members are made of stainless steel with the following properties:
● Young's modulus E = 200 GPa
● Poisson's ratio ν = 0.3
● Density ρ = 7850 kg/m³
● Yield strength σ_yield = 250 MPa

Solution:
FEM Lab Assignment

Based on the finite element analysis conducted using ANSYS, it has been
determined that the design of the steel truss roof meets the required specifications.
The truss is capable of withstanding a maximum load of 3000 kN without
experiencing any deformation or failure.
The following data were obtained from the simulation:
Maximum Deformation: 4.2622e-5 meters
Maximum Stress: 1.9824e+5 Pa (or 198.24 MPa)
These results indicate that the truss exhibits a minimal deformation under the
specified load and experiences a maximum stress level within acceptable limits.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the design of the steel truss roof successfully
meets the company's requirements for structural stability and load-bearing capacity.

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FEM Lab Assignment

Problem Statement 3
Explicit Dynamics
Tensile Testing and Characterization of an ISO Tensile Bar Made of Aluminium Alloy.
The objective of this analysis is to perform a comprehensive tensile test on an ISO
tensile bar made of aluminium alloy. By utilizing ANSYS Explicit Dynamics, the aim is
to study the material's mechanical behavior and determine its characteristic
properties under tensile loading conditions
Mesh Model Image:
FEM Lab Assignment

Boundary Conditions:
● One end of the rod is fixed support.
● Other end is given a displacement in y axis
● The analysis is performed under explicit dynamics analysis.
● The end time is set to 0.005 second.
.

Selected options for Solution to be generated:

● Total Deformation
● Equivalent elastic Strain
● Equivalent stress

Material Specifications:
The rod is modeled with the following Explicit material properties:
● Poisson's ratio ν = 0.3
● Density ρ = 2707 kg/m³
● Gruneisen Coefficient 1.97
● Parameter C1 5386 m/s
● Parameter S1 1.339
● Steinberg Guinan Strength Initial Yield Stress Y 4e+07 Pa
● Maximum Yield Stress Ymax 4.8e+08Pa
● Hardening Constant B 400
● Hardening Exponent n
FEM Lab Assignment

Solution

Based on the finite element analysis conducted using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics, it
has been determined that the simulation of the tensile test on the ISO tensile bar
made of aluminium alloy was successful. The analysis provided valuable insights
into the material's mechanical behavior and characteristic properties under tensile
loading conditions.
FEM Lab Assignment

The following data were obtained from the simulation:

Maximum Deformation: 2.1168e-2 meters (or 21.168 millimeters)
Maximum Strain: 5.842e-4 meters (or 0.5842 millimeters)
Equivalent Stress: 4.0279e7 Pa (or 40.279 MPa)
These results indicate the response of the aluminium alloy during the tensile test.
The maximum deformation and strain values provide information about the material's
ability to withstand the applied load, while the equivalent stress indicates the stress
level experienced by the material.
Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the ISO tensile bar made of
aluminium alloy exhibits acceptable deformation and strain under the applied tensile
load. The equivalent stress level is within the acceptable range for the given
material, suggesting that the aluminium alloy demonstrates satisfactory strength and
structural integrity.
Therefore, the simulation of the tensile test on the ISO tensile bar made of aluminium
alloy using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics can be deemed successful in studying the
material's mechanical behavior and determining its characteristic properties under
tensile loading conditions.

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FEM Lab Assignment

Problem Statement 4
Modal Analysis problem
Perform a modal analysis simulation using ANSYS to determine the natural
frequencies and mode shapes of a musical instrument's structure.

Mesh Model Image:

Boundary Conditions:
● Lower handle is a fixed support
● Max Modes 6

Selected options for Solution to be generated:

● Natural Frequencies
● Mode Shapes
● Total Deformation
Material Specifications:
The beam is made of steel with the following properties:
Stainless Steel
● Young's Modulus 2e+11 Pa
● Poisson's Ratio 0.3
FEM Lab Assignment

● Bulk Modulus 1.6667e+11 Pa

● Shear Modulus 7.6923e+10 Pa

Solution:
FEM Lab Assignment

The modal analysis simulation using ANSYS for the musical instrument's structure
yielded the first six natural frequencies of the beam are approximately :

From the results, we can conclude that the natural frequencies and mode shapes of
the instrument have been successfully determined using ANSYS. These results
provide valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of the musical instrument's
structure and can be used to optimize its design and improve for better sound
quality.
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FEM Lab Assignment

Problem Statement 5
Transient Thermal
Perform a transient thermal analysis simulation using ANSYS to assess the thermal
performance of a crucial component, a round plate with 8 cylindrical fins attached in
a circular configuration. This component is an integral part of a larger system that
serves a specific purpose. The goal is to understand the temperature distribution and
heat transfer characteristics within the system during transient thermal conditions to
ensure optimal functionality, reliability, and longevity of the overall product.
Mesh Model Image:
FEM Lab Assignment

Boundary Conditions:
● The heat exchanger is initially at a uniform temperature of 22°C.
● Temperature at the base plate is set as 50°C
● Step end time 360 seconds
Selected options for Solution to be generated:
● Temperature distribution over time
● Heat flux distribution over time
● Total heat transfer rate over time
Material Specifications:
The component is made of steel with the following properties:
● Thermal conductivity k = 50 W/mK
● Density ρ = 7800 kg/m³
● Specific heat c = 500 J/kgK
Solution

From the analysis, we can see that the temperature of the comp. decreases over
time as heat is transferred from the base plate to the fin then to air. After
approximately 300+ seconds, the temperature of the heat exchanger reaches a
average value of approximately 22.73°C
The heat flux distribution over time is shown in the solution image, and we can see
that the heat flux decreases over time as the temperature difference between the
component and the environment decreases.
FEM Lab Assignment

Temperature
The total heat transfer rate over time is also shown in the solution image, and we can
see that the heat transfer rate decreases over time as the temperature difference
between the component and the environment decreases.
FEM Lab Assignment

The transient thermal analysis simulation using ANSYS provided valuable insights
into the thermal performance of the crucial component, which consists of a round
plate with 8 cylindrical fins attached in a circular configuration. The analysis aimed to
understand the temperature distribution and heat transfer characteristics within the
system during transient thermal conditions, ensuring optimal functionality, reliability,
and longevity of the overall product.
Key results obtained from the simulation are as follows:
Temperature Distribution: The simulation revealed the temperature distribution
across the round plate and the attached cylindrical fins over time. It showed how the
temperature varied within the component and highlighted any hotspots or regions of
significant temperature gradients.
Heat Transfer Characteristics: The simulation provided a detailed understanding of
the heat transfer behavior within the system. It captured the heat dissipation from the
round plate to the surrounding environment through convection at the cylindrical fins.
This information is crucial for assessing the thermal efficiency and performance of
the component.

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