ENGLISH 6th Semester

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE
DEGREE THIRD YEAR VIth SEMESTER
TELANGANA STATE UNIVERSITIES
UNIT - 1
1. TELEVISION
ROALD DAHL
About the author :- Roald Dahl was a British novelist, short writer, screen writer etc. He recognized as
one of the greatest story tellers for children of the 20th century. His books deal with fantasy and comic.
“Television” poem was written by Roald Dahl in 2003.
In the poem “Television “ Roald Dahl states that the television is a hypnotizer which dulls the imagination
of children by all the filth ( dirt/ smut ) it telecasts.
According to the poet, children who watch the television just constantly stare at the screen greatly
influenced by the shows which makes them to do or think of anything else.
Poet says that television is turning our young generation into zombies. Values, morals and ethics are
thrown into the dustbin, the media is providing bizare information.
He further states that before the television had come, children used to spend their time reading
books, it develops their imagination and sharpens their minds. Sadly however, it is very difficult today to
rid the idiot box from our homes of course there are some good points about television watching especially,
where the news is concerned to make the pupil aware of what is happening in the society. But most of the
time the television is unable to censor the content being broadcast which ultimately leads to a sort of early
maturation of young minds.
In all, the poem focuses on the concerns about the ill-effects of television on the young minds of
young children. The poet’s opinion is the television kills the imagination of children. It also distraits them
from the joy of reading. The poem is written not from a child but from an adult’s point of view
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2. THE FRINGE BENEFITS OF FAILURE, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF IMAGINATION
: - JK ROWLING
About the author: - “The fringe benefits of failure and the importance of imagination” is an inspiring
message from JK Rowling. She is known the author of the best selling fantasy series Harry Porter.
Rowling’s life is a classic story of rags to riches.
The present selection is an extract from the graduation speech delivered by JK Rowling at Harvard
University on June 05, 2008.
The present speech recalling her own graduation ceremony and drawing on her humble background,
she delivers a moving speech full of ideas and hopes. Motivating the graduating students to pursue success.
She came up with two core lessons: Appreciate the value of falling and recognize the importance of
imagination. JK Rowling explains benefits of failure. She says her parents were very poor so they wanted
her to study vocational degree, because it was income providing course, but JK Rowling was interested in
English literature. Rowling says failure means different things to different people. She told the knowledge
that they have emerged wiser and stranger from setbacks. Failure has many advantages. First it eliminates
what is unnecessary in us, and then it shows to us our inner strength. It reveals our determination and
discipline.
Rowling explained the second theme of the importance of imagination. Imagination means one’s
ability to see what is not there. It invents innovations and creations. In the present address JK Rowling
speaks about another kind of imagination. She says imagination makes their world better than what they are
now. Many people do not exercise this power of imagination at all. She urges the young graduates to utilize
their abilities and advantages.
Finally she advises them not to be afraid of failure and emphasizes the importance of imagination.

UNIT - 2
1. ACCOMPLISHMENTS
ELIZABETH RALPH MERTZ
About the author:- Elizabeth mertz is a professor at the university of WISCON SIN LAW SCHOOL,
where she teaches family law courses. She is a leading linguistic and legal anthropologist. Her early
research focused on language, identity and politics in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
Her publications include “The language of law school: Learning to” Think like a lawyer “in 2007.
The present poem “Accomplishments” deals with gender roles and in a humorous manner
highlights the differential expectations for mothers and fathers. The poem describes how men and women
seem to operate in two distinct spheres. While women are naturally expected to take care of the domestic
sphere and the men are in public spheres.
Men’s role seen as the provider and protector and women’s role seen as the care taker of both the home and
the family. While the men’s contribution is celebrated but the women’s contribution remains invisible
labor.
The poet is asking the questions without women, how men got the success. The author questions
who took care of their toddlers when Aristotle was writing his books? And when Milton was searching for
rhymes. If the women were not taking care of the toddlers, did they accomplish their work? Next poet talks
about Dante who contemplated hell, and Sonnets of Shakespeare. Did they had their juniors to disturb
them? Next she talks about teachings of Socrates and Plato’s phedo, and then she asks Edmund Broke, if
he had his kid’s ablutions, would he have spoken on revolutions? And again asks Homer and Aesop, how
did they become famous for their work? Because there was a woman to take care her children. And then
she talks about Newton and Darwin, when they were busy with their work, who prepared food? Because
of their wives they concentrated on their work.
Finally, the poet expresses the greatness of woman behind every man’s accomplishment. They clear
all their tasks and manage both house and their family. And taking care of their children though they are the
students of a university. How great the woman is! How difficult it is for woman to succeed! In spite of the
difficulties. She continues as a wife to husband and as a mother to children.

UNIT - 3
Chronological CV and Functional CV
1) Explain the differences among CV, RESUME and BIO – DATA.

Differences among CV, Resume and Bio – Data are little change but they all serve a similar purpose
to showcase our qualifications and abilities. However there are slight differences.
RESUME: - Resume is a French word, it means “summary” of our qualifications, skills and experience. It
is a brief statement and it is not more than one or both sides of an A4 size sheet.
A Resume uses bullets and avoids narrative and Resume is usually written for a particular job,
highlighting the skills. A Resume is more suited for people with previous work experience or to apply for
jobs. The word resume is used mostly in the USA and Canada.
CURRICULAM VITAE ( CV ) :- CV is a Latin word, which means “ course of life “ is also a summary,
but it is longer and more detailed. In addition of academic qualifications and professional experience a CV
includes other information, such as hobbies, awards, honours, etc. It is at least two or three pages long. A
CV displays general talent rather than specific skills for a specific position and information about degrees,
jobs and etc. It is suitable for fresh graduates.
CV is more common in the UK, Europe, New Zealand and many commonwealth countries.
BIO – DATA ( Biographical Data) :-
Bio – Data includes the information such as date of birth, religion, nationality, residence, and
marital status etc, such personal details are never included in a resume or CV, which contain mostly
professional information.
Bio – Data uses mostly in south Asian countries such as India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
2) Describe the structure of a Chronological CV

Chronological CV is the most common and popular format of writing CVs. Chronological CV is used the
attention of the employer to your academic and professional qualifications.

A Chronological CV usually comprises six sections.
1. Personal information
Name, date of birth/age, postal address, contact details such as mobile and e-mail address.
Keep this section as short as possible. Do not give any information that is not essential. Do not give
more than one postal address.
2. Education
List the most recent qualification first. Provide the years of study and the names of the institutions
where you have studied and include the optional subjects.
3. Experience
List the most recent experience first. Provide the name of yours employer, job title, and more
importantly, what you actually did and achieved in that hob. Part time work also can mention.
4. Skills
You can include Language skill, Technical skills such as computer skills and any other skills
5. Interests and Achievements
Here you can mention hobbies such reading books, etc. and if you have own awards or honours or
published any articles, jointly or yourself, give details.
6. References
Give two names – one from your place of study and one from your work place. If you do not have
any work experience, give the reference of an older family friend who has known you for some time.
3. Describe the structure of a functional CV.

Functional CV comprises six sections as same Chronological CV but arranged in differently.
1. Personal information
2. Skills and Abilities
3. Career History
4. Education and Training
5. Interests and Achievements
6. References

Sample Chronological CV
K. Sanjay
H.No 14-47, Teacher’s colony, Achampet, Nagarkurnool, Telangana - 509375
Mobile: 98850 98850, E-mail: sanjay@gmail.com
Education
2018—2020 Palamuru University

M.B.A (Marketing) – first class
Project Title: “ customer Relationship Management”
2015—2018 Pragathi Arts & Science College Achampet
B.A – first class
English, Economics, Political Science and Public Administration
Employment
2018—present Pragathi Educational Institutions
CRM and Language Coordinator
➢ Responsible for arranging training to fresh employees
➢ Supervising PROs and Employees services
➢ Customer services
Skills Languages
• Fluent in Telugu, Hindi and English

Computer skills
Ms Office, Windows xp, Photoshop and C++
Interests and Achievements
➢ Reading books and listening to music
➢ Articles writing to newspapers
➢ Prizes in speeches at college level
➢ Best employee award in 2020
References
Mr. K Suchethan Mrs. K Saraswathi
Head, HR and Training Head, Department of Accounts
Pragathi Institutions Sidhartha Institutions
Achampet Dilsuknagar
Mobile: 9848098480 Mobile: 9848012345

Functional CV
K. Sanjay
H.No 14-47, Teacher’s colony, Achampet, Nagarkurnool, Telangana - 509375

Mobile: 98850 98850, E-mail: sanjay@gmail.com
Personal profile
I am a postgraduate in MBA with specialization of marketing where I did projects on marketing and
which gave me immense knowledge of marketing. I am looking for a challenging position in an
organisation to utilise my skills and knowledge.
Skills and Abilities
I have developed skills in languages and computer. Fluent in English at all areas. Mastered at typing
in multiple languages. Very good at customer service and sales and promotion.
Career History
Pragathi Educational institutions
CRM and Language Coordinator
➢ Responsible for arranging training to fresh employees

➢ Supervising PROs and Employees services
➢ Customer services
Education
In 2017, I successfully completed a diploma course in “ Customer Relationship Management” from

Palamuru University while doing a job.
2018—2020 Palamuru University

M.B.A (Marketing) – first class
Project Title: “customer Relationship Management”
Interests and Achievements
I am interested in reading books and writing articles to the newspapers. I won number of prizes in
creative writing. Recently I won the best employee in the field of sales promotions.
References
Mr. K Purnachandar Mrs. CH Bavani
Head, Department of IT Head, Department of Accounts
Pragathi Institutions Sidhartha Institutions
Mobile: 9848098480 Mobile: 9848012345

GRAMMAR
ONE- WORD SUBSTITUTES
One-word substitutes are words that can be used to replace a group of words or a full sentence without any
loss of meaning.
1. Polyglot One who knows many languages

2. Misogynist One who dislikes or distrusts women
3. Bibliophile One who loves books
4. Agnostic One who is doubtful about the existence of god
5. Sceptic A person who doubts accepted opinions
6. Stoic One who is unaffected by joy or grief
7. Cynic A person who believes that everything is motivated by selfishness
8. Pessimist A person who expects the worst
9 Misanthrope One who hates or mistrusts humankind
10. Feminist A person who supports women’s rights
11. Valetudinarian A person who is overly anxious about his / her health
12. Altruist A person who is selfless and has concern for the welfare of others
13. Septuagenarian A person who is 70- years old
14. Maverick A person of unorthodox or unconventional views
15. Hypocrite A person who pretends to be what he / she is not
16. Ambiguous Open to more than once possible meaning or interpretation
17. Illegible Script or print that is impossible or hard to read
18. Ineligible Not fit or qualified
19. Reticent Not speaking freely or openly
20. Intelligible Capable of being understood
21. Incomprehensible Difficult or impossible to understand
22. Soporific Causing sleep or drowsiness
23. Fastidious Excessively attentive to details
24. Congenital A condition present from birth
25. Congenial Pleasant and suited to one’s nature

RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise I
Add who, who (m), whose or which.
1. In the conference, I met a polyglot who knew 13 languages.

2. He never finds shoes which fit him well.
3. Why do you always ask questions which are too complicated?
4. People who are participating in the competition have to write a story.
5. You are exactly the person whom I wished to see.
6. Meet the proud mother whose daughter has won several medals.
7. What did you do with the money which I gave you yesterday?
8. An atheist is a person who does not believe in god.
9. I don’t remember the name of the man whom I spoke to yesterday.
10. Only children whose parents are illiterate study in this school.
Exercise II
Add who, whose, when, where or why.
1. Do you know a restaurant where we get good samosas?

2. A dentist is a person who is qualified to treat diseases that affect the teeth and gums.
3. 1950 was the year when India became a republic.
4. I still don’t know the reason why I was punished.
5. Have you seen the artist whose paintings are extreamly thought – provoking?
Exercise III
Combine the two sentences using who, whose, which/that, where or when.
1. You borrowed a novel from the library. Have you read it?
Have you read the novel which you borrowed form the library?
2. I met a dancer. He knows you. –
I met a dancer who knows you
3. We stayed at a hotel. We met an animal rights activist at the hotel.
We stayed at a hostel where we met an animal rights activist at the hotel.
4. She works in a company. The company’s work ethic is very good.
She works in a company whose work ethic is very good

5. I still remember the day. Our first pet came home that day.
I still remember the day when our first pet came home.
Exercise IV
Correct the following sentences.
1. The hill station which we spent our vacation was very beautiful. ( where)
2. Do you know the name of the river who flows through the city? ( which)
3. The people which work in the stadium are very friendly. (who)
4. That was the year where severe losses were incurred. (when)
5. A soda maker is a machine who makes soda. (which)
6. Is that the man whose is the author of the bestseller? (who)
7. She recommended a book, the title of whom I have forgotten. (which)
8. They are three brothers, all of which are graduates. (whom)
9. That’s the film where I saw when I was in college. (which)
10. Is she the one, who mother is a famous dancer? (whose)
FORMAL AND INFORMAL VOCABULARY
1. Tell Inform
2 But However
3 Check Verify
4 Help Assist
5 Put off Postpone
6 Look into Investigate
7 Get Obtain
8 Live Reside
9 Empty Vacant
10 Dad Father

Exercise - 1
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate as per the context
1. She said to her boss, “My --------- works at a factory.” (dad / father)
2. He --------- his mobile for any messages. ( checked / verified)
3. My friend ------- me about this issue. ( told / informed)
4. The government has ordered the CBI to ---------- the case. (look into / investigate)
5. “ I need your ----- in solving this problem,” said the chairperson to the committee members.
(help / assistance)
Exercise - 2
Identify the formal and informal expressions among the following.
1. I’d be very grateful if you could…. ( F )

2. Amazing! ( I )
3. That’s great, thanks. ( I )
4. He has been monitoring my movement carefully. ( I )
5. Congratulations on your success. ( F )
6. Well done buddy! ( I )
7. You’ve got that wrong. ( I )
8. You must be kidding! ( I )
9. Cool hairstyle! ( I )
10. I think you may be mistaken on this point. ( F )
SENTENCE TYPES
Exercise 1.
Which of the following are sentences?
1. All things taken into account. (Phrase)

2. On the table. (phrase)
3. She smiled (sentence)
4. The old shed with the bird cage next to it. (phrase)

5. This year I may not be lucky. ( sentence)

6. Cupboard full of attractive children’s books (phrase)
7. Writing on the wall. (phrase)
8. Behind most successful people, there is commitment and hard work. (sentence)
9. This is interesting. (sentence)
10. Very long queue. (phrase)
Exercise 2
Identify the subject or the noun group and the verb group in the following sentences.
1. The Araku valley is one of India’s most beautiful regions.

Subject verb
2. The company offered him a very good salary.
Subject verb
3. The members of the Covid patient’s family were also asked to undergo the test.
Subject verb
4. My father puts milk, sugar and lemon in his tea.
Subject verb
5. I did not find the film very interesting.
S verb
Exercise 3
Choose the appropriate conjunction to make it into a compound sentence.
1. I have already written to him ------- (but / so) I expect a reply soon.
2. You can keep this bag ------- ( so / or) look for a new one.
3. He could not catch the bus ------ ( nor / or ) was he able take the train.
4. This land is fertile ------ ( but / therefore) we paid a high price for it.
5. The boy worked very hard ------ (so / but) he could not achieve his goal.

Exercise 4
Identify the main clause and the subordinate clause.
1. He is successful because he is very honest.

Main clause sub ordinate clause
2. She showed up when I needed her the most.

3. He was declared not guilty as there was n evidence against him.

4. The girl who was here yesterday is a student of mine.

Sub ordinate clause
5. He acted as if he knew the truth.

Main cl sub ordinate clause
Exercise 5
Choose the appropriate conjunction to make it into a complex sentence.
1. They were going by car ---- ( because / so) it was more comfortable.
2. ---------- ( though / because) he was only 15, they offered him a seat in the university.
3. Aeroplanes carry parachutes --------- (that / because) the crew can escape in case of an
emergency.
4. The security forces ordered ------- ( that / if) the area should be cleared.
5. The announcer explained ------- ( why / though) the train was delayed.
Exercise 6
Identify the type of sentence.
1. The bird sat on the branch of a neem tree. (simple sentence)

2. I don’t care how expensive it is! ( complex sentence)
3. Two minutes ago the baby was fast asleep, but now he is crying ( compound sentence).
4. He is not tall enough to join the military. (complex sentence)
5. You can wait or leave. (compound)

Exercise 7
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunctions given below.

But or so because although
1. Although it was hot, he was wearing a shawl.

2. She was sick so she didn’t come to college.
3. Do you want a cup of tea or do you prefer coffee?
4. The teacher appreciated me because I was very punctual.
5. They wanted to go the picnic, but the parents did not permit them.
Exercise 8
Combine the two sentences using the word given in brackets.
1. It’s an old laptop. It works okay. (although)

Although it’s an old laptop, it works okay.
2. There were not enough students. They closed the village school. (as)
As there were not enough students, they closed the village school
3. Nobody wanted to go. They cancelled the trip. (so)
Nobody wanted to go so they cancelled the trip.
4. It was very hot. They could not play outdoors. ( because)
They could not play outdoors because it was very hot.
5. Do you want to take up a job? Do you prefer business? (or)
Do you want to take up a job or do you prefer business?
APPROPRIACY
Exercise 1
Identify the formal and informal ways of greeting among the following.
1. How are you? ( F )

2. Good to see you ( I )
3. How are things? ( I )
4. How are you doing? ( F )
5. How is everything? ( I )

6. What’s up? ( I )
7. How’s it going? ( I )
8. How is life? ( I )
9. How have you been keeping? ( F )
10. I trust that everything is well ( F )
Exercise 2
Rewrite the following sentences in formal / informal English.
FORMAL INFORMAL
1 Good morning Hi there!

2. See you later! Bye!
3. I would like to apologise for forgetting Sorry forgot your birthday
your birthday.
4. I am very much thanks to you for the Thanks a lot for the present!
present
5. How do you do, Mrs Rao? How are you, Mr Rao?
6. It is a pleasure to meet you. Nice seeing you!
7. Could you please call me after some Call me later.
time?
8. I just want to express my sincere thanks Thanks a lot for your help
for all you have done for us.
9. I’m afraid you’re mistaken. I think you are wrong
10. Would you like to have some more tea, More tea?
please?
Exercise 3
Give gender-fair or gender-neutral alternatives to the following words, phrases and usages.
1. Miss / Mrs Ms
2. Actress Actor /Artist / Star
3. Salesman / Salesgirl / Salesboy Sales person
4. Poetess Poet / Writer
5. Common man Person
6. Man-made Hand-made / Artificial
7. The best man for the job The best person for the job
8. May the best man win! May the best person win!
9. Mankind Human beings
10. Man of the match Player of the match

Exercise 4
Rewrite the following sentences to make them more inclusive.
1. Give the student his scholarship right away.

Give the student his/her scholarship right away
2. As a teacher, he faces excessive paperwork daily.
As teachers, they face excessive paperwork daily
3. Each student should submit his assignment before the last date.
All students must submit their assignments before the last date.
4. It is the duty of every driver to carry his driver’s license at all times.
It is the duty of all drivers to carry their driver’s license at all times.
5. When a person watches too much television, his brain turns to mush.
Wwhen a person watches too much television, one’s brain turns to mush.
6. If an employee has a problem with a supervisor, he should discuss the problem with the officer.
If an employee has a problem with a supervisor, he/ she should discuss the problem with
an officer
7. The average student is worried about his grades.
The average students are worried about their grades.
8. Does everybody have his book?
Does everybody have his/her book?
9. When the student hands in his paper, assess it immediately.
When the student hands in his or her paper, assess it immediately.
10. A law-abiding citizen pays his taxes promptly.
All law-abiding citizens pay their taxes promptly.

COMMON ERRORS
Exercise 1
Correct the following sentences.
1. The chair is made of the wood.

The chair is made of wood
2. He always eats piece of chocolate after lunch.
He always eats a piece of chocolate after lunch
3. She told me the interesting story.
She told me an interesting story.
4. He has good idea about the matter.
He has a good idea about the matter.
5. I saw him in yellow car.
I saw in the yellow car
6. People consider him as a great leader.
People consider him a great leader
7. I agree with your proposal
I agree to your proposal
8. They started to Karimnagar.
They started fro Karimnagar.
9. They will return in this month
They will return this month
10. I suffer with short-sightedness.
I suffer from short-sightedness.
11. The police will cancel your driving license if you will break the rules again.
The police will cancel your driving license if you break the rules again.
12. It is time they start.
It is time they started.
13. He lives in Delhi for five years.
He han been living in Delhi for five years.
14. If I had known of your arrival, I would meet you.
If I had known of your arrival, I would have met you.

15. He was late so he is scolded by the teacher.

He was late so he was scolded by the teacher.
16. The teacher is taking two classes daily.
The teacher takes two clasees daily.
17. I am having a headache.
I have a headache.
18. When she sings, you can’t help to listen to her.
When she sings, you can’t help but to listen to her
19. He wants that I should do the work.
He wants me to do the work
20. The students and the teacher is in the class.
The students and the teacher are in the class.
21. You need not to tell me again.
You need not tell me again.
22. They disposed off all the junk
They disposed of all the junk
23. He is trying hard to cope up with the situation.
He is trying hard to cope with the situation.
24. Did you ever read The Jungle Book.
Have you ever read The Jungle Book?
25. According to me, it’s true.
In my opinion, it’s true.
26. If I will be late, I’ll call you.
If I am late, I will call you.
27. She tried to quickly finish the book before she had to leave.
She had tried to quickly fininish the book before she left.
28. While walking in the garden, he found a sparking woman’s bracelet.
When he was walking in the garden, he found woman’s sparkling bracelet.
29. Please reply back immediately.
Please reply immediately.
30. Being a hot day, the old man did not go out.
It being a hot day, the old man did not go out.

ENGLISH 6th Semester

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ENGLISH 6th Semester

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“Television” poem was written by Roald Dahl in 2003.

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2. THE FRINGE BENEFITS OF FAILURE, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF IMAGINATION

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Chronological CV and Functional CV

1) Explain the differences among CV, RESUME and BIO – DATA.

BIO – DATA ( Biographical Data) :-

2) Describe the structure of a Chronological CV

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A Chronological CV usually comprises six sections.

5. Interests and Achievements

3. Describe the structure of a functional CV.

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2018—2020 Palamuru University

• Fluent in Telugu, Hindi and English

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H.No 14-47, Teacher’s colony, Achampet, Nagarkurnool, Telangana - 509375

Skills and Abilities

Pragathi Educational institutions

CRM and Language Coordinator

➢ Responsible for arranging training to fresh employees

In 2017, I successfully completed a diploma course in “ Customer Relationship Management” from

2018—2020 Palamuru University

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ONE- WORD SUBSTITUTES

1. Polyglot One who knows many languages

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Add who, who (m), whose or which.

1. In the conference, I met a polyglot who knew 13 languages.

Add who, whose, when, where or why.

1. Do you know a restaurant where we get good samosas?

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Correct the following sentences.

5. A soda maker is a machine who makes soda. (which)

6. Is that the man whose is the author of the bestseller? (who)

7. She recommended a book, the title of whom I have forgotten. (which)

8. They are three brothers, all of which are graduates. (whom)

9. That’s the film where I saw when I was in college. (which)

10. Is she the one, who mother is a famous dancer? (whose)

FORMAL AND INFORMAL VOCABULARY

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Fill in the blanks with the appropriate as per the context

Identify the formal and informal expressions among the following.

1. I’d be very grateful if you could…. ( F )

Which of the following are sentences?

1. All things taken into account. (Phrase)

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5. This year I may not be lucky. ( sentence)

1. The Araku valley is one of India’s most beautiful regions.

Choose the appropriate conjunction to make it into a compound sentence.

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