Case study analysis
Staggered facade
surface for uneven heat
transmission through walls
Uniform and higher
bazaar facing facade to
provide privacy to roof and
shading to the street
Exterior walls up to 3 feet
thick, to slow down the rate
of heat transmission and
solar gain, and structural
support
Chajjas prevent
excessive sunlight from
entering the space
Jharokas placed on main
facade for beautification,
ventilation, and illumination
Cool air enters
through jalis in
jharokas, cooling the
interior space
Water body (Wall
fountain) placed in courtyard
to increase cooling effect
BAZAAR SIDE
Rainwater drainage
beneath the stoop
Legend
ENVIRONMENTAL
Source: Margaret Sevcenko and Rashid Makhdum, eds., The Walled City of Lahore (Lahore: Lahore Development Authority, 1993).
Courtesy of Walled City of Lahore Authority
Author: Zara Shafiq Bhatti
Sunlight and cool
air enters thorugh the
ceiling opening
Sun exposure
during later in day
Covered courtyard
serves as a light well and
ventilating shaft
High ceilinged
rooms to facilitate
hot air
Atmosphere
near to ground stays
Shops opening pleasant with cool air
onto street
PUBLIC SEMI PRIVATE
Public areas are placed towards the bazaar front and private towards
the back, to maintain privacy.
CULTURAL TECHNICAL
Private open space, elevated to
affford privacy and used for multiple
functions; sleeping, & socializing
High ceiling Barsaati acts as
private social space and protection
from rain in monsoon weather
Buffer space provided
between staricase and
living space to protect
Roof Terrace privacy of the dwellers
Darichas to allow
hot air to escape
Barsaati
Roof
MAIN ENTRANCE
Located away from the
Thickness of walls
Dalaans are street for privacy
reduce as number of floors
cooled by air
increase. Walls on ground
entering through floor are thicker to support
the courtyard structural load
1st FL.
INTER FL.
Verticality
REAR END
exploited to create
mulitple levels
GR. FL.
The spaces are
dependent on each
PRIVATE PRIVATE
other and work together
to create a cool
Jharokas allow comfortable interior
views from inside
the dwelling while
maintaining privacy
LAL HAVELI
74
LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Case study analysis
Staggered facade Private open space, elevated to
surface for uneven heat Sunlight and cool
affford privacy and used for multiple
transmission through walls air enters thorugh the
functions; sleeping, & socializing Jharokha
ceiling opening
Jharokhas are architectural
Uniform and higher
bazaar facing facade to
High ceiling Barsaati acts as elements used in upper floors
private social space and protection
provide privacy to roof and
from rain in monsoon weather of buildings and are private
shading to the street Sun exposure
during later in day
balconies. These jharokhas
Buffer space provided
Exterior walls up to 3 feet allow for airflow through between staricase and
thick, to slow down the rate
of heat transmission and the building thus cooling living space to protect
Roof Terrace privacy of the dwellers
solar gain, and structural the building, letting in light,
support
Darichas to allow control the humidity but still providing privacy for the
hot air to escape
inhabitants.
Chajja
Barsaati A Chajja is an architectural
Chajjas prevent element used above windows
excessive sunlight from Roof
entering the space or openings to create shading
and protects these openings
MAIN ENTRANCE
Jharokas placed on main
from the outside
Located away fromelements.
the
Covered courtyard street for privacy Thickness of walls
facade for beautification, Dalaans are These elements are typically reduce as number of floors
ventilation, and illumination serves as a light well and cooled by air
ventilating shaft entering through
very decorative and have large
increase. Walls on ground
floor are thicker to support
the courtyard support elements. Often go together
structural load with jharokas.
1st FL.
Cool air enters
High ceilinged
Jali screen
through jalis in
jharokas, cooling the rooms to facilitate Jali screens are an architectural
interior space hot air element that let in air, diffuse the
INTER FL. incoming light and provide privacy
Atmosphere Verticality for the inhabitants. These screens
Water body (Wall

REAR END
near to ground stays exploited to create are often carved out of wood and
fountain) placed in courtyard Shops opening pleasant with cool air mulitple levels
to increase cooling effect onto street therefore have a water retaining
GR. FL. function that cools down incoming
BAZAAR SIDE air. The size of the perforations inThe spaces are
Rainwater drainage
PUBLIC SEMI PRIVATE PRIVATE PRIVATE the screen are bigger on the topdependent
for on each
beneath the stoop other and work together
less restricted airflows and lower on athe
to create coolbottom to
Public areas are placed towards the bazaar front and private towards protect from direct
Jharokas allowsunlight andcomfortable
provideinterior
privacy.
the back, to maintain privacy. views from inside
Legend
the dwelling while
ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURAL TECHNICAL maintaining privacy

Source: Margaret Sevcenko and Rashid Makhdum, eds., The Walled City of Lahore (Lahore: Lahore Development Authority, 1993).
LAL HAVELI
Courtesy of Walled City of Lahore Authority
Author: Zara Shafiq Bhatti 74
LAHORE, PAKISTAN