❑A.k.

a Varicella

❑Causative agent:
❑Varicella-zoster virus

❑MODE OF TRANSMISSION
❑Direct contact
❑Indirect contact
❑Airborne
❑Period of Communicability
❑Most contagious from 1-2 days before the
rash appears until all the blisters are dried and
crusted
❑Clinical Manifestations:
❑Itchy skin rash w/ red blisters, crust to scab
❑Preeruptive: mild fever and malaise
❑Eruptive: rash appears
❑Patient can disseminate the virus to other
people until all the spots crust over
❑Management:
❑Acyclovir (Zovirax)
❑Antihistamine
❑Calamine lotion
❑Avoid anti-inflammatory pain relievers
❑Never give aspirin to children under 16 yo –
REYE’S SYNDROME
❑A.k.a La Grippe, Flu

❑Causative agent:
❑RNA-containing myxoviruses (Type A, A-
prime, B, and C)

❑MODE OF TRANSMISSION
❑Droplet transmission
❑Airborne transmission
❑Influenza virus persists for hours in dried
mucus
❑Period of Communicability
❑Until 5th day of the illness; up to 7th day in
children
❑Clinical Manifestations:
❑Hyperpyrexia, chills, malaise, sore throat,
coryza, myalgia, headache
❑Worst symptoms lasts for 3-5 days then the
patients begins to improve
❑Leukopenia may be noted
❑Nasopharyngeal swab – viral culture
❑Complication – PNEUMONIA
❑Management:
❑No specific treatment (symptomatic
management)
❑Immunization
❑Avoid crowded places
❑Causative agent:
❑Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona
Virus (SARS-CoV)
❑Stable in urine and feces at room temp (one to
four days)
❑Can survive in paper, plastic, stainless surfaces
for 72 hrs; glass slide – 96 hrs
❑Heat at 56 degrees Celsius kills the virus
❑Common disinfectant stops viral infectivity
❑Mode of transmission:
❑Droplet/respiratory secretions
❑Fecal shedding (longer than respiratory
shedding)
❑Clinical Manifestations:
❑Shortness of breath
❑Difficulty of breathing
❑Hypoxia
❑Sudden onset of high fever
❑Headache and body aches
❑RT-PCR test – CONFIRMATORY TEST
❑Stool, urine, and serologic samples can also be
checked
❑Management:
❑No vaccine and management yet
❑Supportive treatment
❑Broad spectrum antibiotics – combat common
complication (pneumonia)
❑Causative agent:
❑Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona
Virus (MERS-CoV)
❑Mode of transmission:
❑Droplet/respiratory secretions
❑Clinical Manifestations:
❑Severe, acute, respiratory illness similar to
pneumonia
❑GI symptoms – diarrhea and N/V
❑Kidney failure
❑Chills, body aches, joint pains
❑Management:
❑No vaccine and management yet
❑Supportive treatment