“AÑO DE LA UNIDAD, LA PAZ Y EL DESARROLLO”

ENGLISH FINAL PROJECT

TEAM MEMBERS:
BANCES ALDANA JOSE NEPTALI
BANIO CACHIQUE THALIA
TENAZOA ESCOBAR CLAIRE PRISCILA

TOPIC: AN ENDANGERED ANIMAL IN PERU

COURSE: ENGLISH

INSTRUCTOR`S NAME: JULISSA ROJAS CALDERON

BLOCK: EE.GG. PT08

DATE: 8 APRIL

2023
I. THE BIODIVERSITY IN PERU
The Peru is the eighth country in the world in number of species with the
greatest biodiversity on the earth by the richness of flora and fauna it
possesses. This biodiversity is quite complex by to its weather diversity, dale
and geography.
Iquitos is the capital of the department of Loreto, located in the low jungle
of the Amazon (the largest región of Peru) that cover a third of the country and
is the home of a tenth of the amazon jungle.

II. IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity is intrinsically connected between environments and species
that depend on each other to live, it is the variety of forms life on the planet
(including the ecosystems terrestrial and marine and the complexes ecological
of which they are part), for humans, the biodiversity provides many services
ecosystem that are essential to our welfare.

III. ENDANGERED SPECIES

Peru has around 64 endangered animal species in the región Loreto, one
of them is the “motelo” or land tortoise of yellow foots (Chelonoidis denticulata)
a species cataloged as vulnerable.
IV. WHEN IT IS CONSIDERED A ENDANGERED
A endangered species is when its population is declining in number of
individuals that could soon disappear in all or in most of its natural environment,
and they are at risk of disappearing from the face of the Earth. It is important
note that once that biological extinction is reached there is no going back.

V. MOTELO (CHELONOIDIS DENTICULATA)

It is also known as the land tortoise of yellow footes, a reptile native of
South America in countries such as: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French
Guyana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.
In Peru it lives in humid forests of the amazon jungle, they are present in
areas of little disturbance, secondary forests, and in forests near rivers.
This reptile has a thick and heavy carapace, each of its shields are
yellow or brown in the center; the extremities and head are brown with orange
or yellow scales. Its legs are robust with small, thick nails. Their life time is
between 50 to 60 years.

The males are slightly larger than the females. To differentiate a male
from the female, the lower part of the shell (plastron or breastplate) must be
observed; it is brown with flattened squares in the case of the female and in the
male it is concave.
To communicate with other individuals, males make head movements
towards other males. During the reproductive season, the male makes head
movements, from bottom to top, as courtship towards the female. With an
incubation period of 4-5 months, and 4-8 eggs, up to two times a year.

VI. CAUSES OF THE DANGER OF EXTENSION

* Climate changes and their effects of temperature increase affecting
their ecosystem.
 *Pollution is one of the problems that the motel faces, the contamination
of the environment where they live, because people dispose of a lot of waste in
their habitat.
*Oil extraction impacting biodiversity due to the chemicals used in its
processes and/or spills thereof.
*The destruction of its habitat, a process by which it is transformed into a
habitat incapable of maintaining its native species, destroying the plants and
animals that the turtles consume, forcing them to emigrate as a consequence
there is a reduction in their population.
*Indigenous communities have permission to hunt and eat wild animals,
but due to the few job opportunities and economic need they have to sell the
meat and their eggs.
*Overexploitation for:
-The illicit traffic of this species for the commercialization of baby turtles for
tourists as an exotic pet, and or crafts of shells.
* The local tradition is the commercialization of the turtles and the eggs to
the inhabitants for their food consumption as Amazonian food.
*The laundering of wild animals; while the trade in animals includes legal
products and authorized species, unfortunately, in practice this separation is
less clear because a large part of the illegal traffic ends up in authorized
commercial channels through laundering processes. Let's see an example.
A formal exporter of turtles buys them from ten management groups of
the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve to send them to Japan. But, during its
transfer to the port, 10% of the total dies. Since his CITES export permit
(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora) establishes an allowed quota, he goes to the communities that are
outside the reserve —and that do not carry out management plans— and buys
the turtles that they are missing They are illegal, but by including them in his
cargo he introduces them into the formal market and thus launders them.
A formal exporter of turtles buys them from ten management groups of
the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve to send them to Japan. But during their
transfer to the port 10% of the total die. As your CITES (Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) export
permit. It establishes a permitted quota, goes to the communities that are
outside the reserve-and that do not have management plans-and buys the
turtles they are missing. They are illegal, but by including them in his shipments,
he introduces them into the formal market and thus launders them.

VII. THEIR VALUE IN THE MARKET.

In the Belen-iquitos market different products are sold, such as:

-baby turtles at 15 soles.
-Caparazones in handicrafts between 20 to 35 soles.
-Eggs from 5 to 10 soles.
-Meat between 40 and 50 soles per kilo.
As typical dishes:
-Zarapatera of motelo to 15 soles.
-Motelo with kion at 18 soles.
-Motelo stew at 12 soles.
VIII.THE AUTHORITY BEFORE THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC.
From the central government and its little support and interest to the
regional authorities with few resources and bad salary, they cannot face the
illicit traffic of animals. This is the fourth most lucrative illicit activity in the world,
after drugs, arms and human trafficking, which generates around 20,000 million
dollars a year.

IX. HOW TO AVOID THE EXTINCTION OF THE MOTELO.

Sensitize the population not to pollute the environment.

Environmental education and sensitization in the main cities where
wildlife is traded, mainly as pets. Many people are unaware that selling, buying
and breeding wild animals is illegal and a crime.
Improve the response of the professionals who regulate the illegal wildlife
trade. This through training activities and logistical support.
Analyze the new forms of wildlife trade in cyber sales and social
networks.
Technological tools that provide information to park rangers and
community watchmen in natural protected areas.
Prototypes of movement sensors, traps, cameras with internet signals,
binocular-camera that allow them to detect the illegal presence of people in
areas where animals are captured.