Group 2

Aboga, Marc Christian

Bergonio, John Zedric
Clamor, Claudine Anne Marie
Irabon, Rizza Joy
Mondalla, Shane Lee
Priol, Catherine
Ramos, Jed

Water Pollution
Water pollution is the contamination of water sources by substances
which make the water unusable for drinking, cooking, cleaning,
swimming, and other activities. Pollutants include chemicals, trash,
bacteria, and parasites. All forms of pollution eventually make their way
to water

Water pollution is any chemical, biological, or physical change in water

quality that harms living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired
uses. Water pollution can come from single (point) sources, or from larger
and dispersed (nonpoint) sources. Point sources release contaminants into
bodies of surface water at specified areas through drain pipes, ditches, or
sewer lines. Examples include factories, sewage treatment facilities
(which do not always completely eliminate pollutants), underground
mines, and oil tankers. Point sources are relatively simple to recognize
and control because they are located at specified locations. The majority
of industrialized nations have rules that aid in limiting point-source
releases of hazardous chemicals into aquatic systems. Nonpoint sources
are broad, and diffuse areas, rather than points, from which pollutants
enter bodies of surface water or air. Examples include runoff of chemicals
and sediments from cropland, livestock feedlots, logged forests, urban
streets, parking lots, lawns, and golf courses. We have made little
progress in controlling water pollution from nonpoint sources because of
the difficulty and expense of identifying and controlling discharges from
so many diffuse sources.

CAUSE AND EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

It is sometimes caused by nature, such as when mercury filters from the
Earth's crust, polluting oceans, rivers, lakes, canals and reservoirs.
However, the most common cause of poor quality water is human
activity.

-Global warming
-Deforestation
-Industry, agriculture and livestock farming
-Rubbish and faecal water dumping
-Maritime traffic
-Fuel spillages

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

Deteriorating water quality is damaging the environment, health
conditions and the global economy.
-Destruction of biodiversity
-Contamination of Food Chain
-Lack of potable water
-Disease
-Infant Mortality

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION

● Chemical Pollution- the most common type of water pollution,
chemicals can infiltrate both underground water sources and those
sitting on the Earth’s Surface, As an integral component of the
agricultural industry, its unsurprising that much of chemical
contamination comes from the pesticides and fungicides used in
farming, but metals and solvents from industrial sites are also
leading contributors.
● Groundwater Pollution- As mentioned above, agriculture is a key
source of water pollution, especially for groundwater. Fertilisers
and pesticides applied to crops can seep into the ground and to
contaminate underwater rivers and water beds, thus compromising
the quality of wells, boreholes and other places from which
groundwater is extracted for human use.
● Microbiological pollution- unlike most other on the list,
microbiological pollution is naturally occurring form of water
contamination. Microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa and
viruses can infiltrate water supplies, causing diseases such as
bilharzia and cholera. Human are the most susceptible to this kind
of pollution in places where adequate water treatment systems are
not yet in place.
 ● Nutrient Pollution- While they’re vital for underwater flora and
fauna to flourish, an excess of nutrients can upset the delicate
imbalance of water based on ecosystems. Fertilisers contains a high
concentration of nutrients which, if they contaminate rivers, lakes
and coastal areas, can cause algal blooming that can block out
sunlight and inhibit the growth of other organisms.
● Oxygen- depletion pollution- Another consequences of algal
blooms is their consumption of oxygen supplies, This means that
those species which depend upon oxygen to survive are killed off,
while anaerobic one’s thrive, Some anaerobic microorganisms are
capable of producing ammonia, sulphides and other harmful toxins,
which can make the water even more dangerous to animals (and
human, too).
● Surface Water pollution- Referring to all water sources above
ground, such as rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans, Surface water
pollution vacancies occur both naturally, accidentally and
intentionally. For example, monitoring has an all important role in
natural flood management, which can lead to poor water quality,
while accidental oil spills and negligent industries emptying waste
into the water bodies are also contributors.
Solutions Water Pollution
There is no single or simple answer to stop the water pollution crisis,
however, there are many solutions to prevent water pollution both in our
daily lives and within industries.

We can separate the issue with water pollution into 4 notable solutions:
•Waste water Treatment
•Improving Sewage Treatment
•Reducing Plastic Waste
•Water Conservation
•Septic Tanks

Preventing Nonpoint Source Pollution

-Use vegetation to reduce soil erosion
-Reduce fertilizer use
-Integrated pest management
-Organic farming methods

Improving Sewage Treatment

-Systems that exclude hazardous and toxic
chemicals
-Require businesses to remove harmful
chemicals before sewage sent to treatment
plant
-Reduce or eliminate use of toxic chemicals
-Composting toilet systems

Waste water Treatment

Treating water before it enters the waterway system is probably the most
efficient way of reducing water pollution
Wastewater treatment facilities have the technology and tools to remove
most pollutants through biological, physical, and chemical processes.
To ensure that waste water treatments function properly, regular
maintenance of equipment is required. This includes applications such as
water treatment sensors, which are vital to measure and remove
contaminants to reduce water pollution. 

Reducing Plastic Waste

Plastic waste is a huge issue. More than 8 tonnes of plastic enters our
ocean every year, plus the plastic is to outweigh the number of fish by
2050, these facts are shocking! Plastic waste also decays water supplies.
This is why it is extremely important to reduce plastic waste and improve
sustainability both locally and globally. 
Plastic bottles and bags get most of the media coverage, but plastics are
entering water systems in ways you cannot always see, and are most
likely not aware of. 
Microplastics are a major issue and are found in:
● Industrial manufacturing
● Synthetic textiles 
● Clothing
● Personal care products (toothpaste, shampoo, etc.)
To reduce plastic waste at home, we can do the following:
● Recycle plastics
● Use alternatives to plastic like reusable utensils, grocery bags, etc.
● Shop locally and buy fruit & vegetables not wrapped in plastic
● Buy organic/natural & environmentally-friendly care products

Water Conservation
Do you turn the tap off when brushing your teeth, or between shampooing
your hair in the shower? 
Water is a scarce resource, so limiting the amount of water you use daily
will contribute to reducing water pollution. 

Septic Tanks
Septic tanks are a great way to efficiently treat sewage; separating solids
from liquid. Septic tanks degrade solids and allow liquid to flow into
drainage systems via biological processes. 
Using septic tanks reduces water pollution by removing pollutants
already present in water. 
Law for Reducing Point Source Pollution
REPUBLIC ACT 9275 - “Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
“AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE WATER
QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES “

- pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner consistent with

the protection, preservation and revival of the quality of our fresh,
brackish and marine waters.
This law was signed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on March 22,
2004 and the effectivity of it was on may 6, 2004.

This Act is the strategy for protecting the nation's water resources,
promoting environmental protection measures, developing a national plan
for managing water quality, promoting commercial and industrial
processes and products that are environmentally and economically
responsible, etc. The Act, among other things, requires the Department to
designate water quality management areas in collaboration with the
National Water Resources Board; the identification of water bodies where
certain pollutants from either natural or man-made sources have already
exceeded water quality criteria as non-attainment zones for the exceeded
pollutants; a national sewerage and septic management program;
domestic sewage collection, treatment, and disposal.

How can you prevent water pollution?

● Use a compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer.
● Minimize your use of pesticides.
● Grow or buy organic foods.
● Compost your food wastes.
● Do not use water fresheners in toilets.
● Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet.
● Do not pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil, antifreeze, or other
products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the
ground.
● Plastic waste reduction
● Dispose your waste in a right place
● Water Conservation