NAMPULA SECONDARY SCHOOL

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORK

Theme: Conditional sentence

Group element names:

Augusto Albino
Margarida Policaio Ali
Ema José
Teacher: Custodio T. Massimbe

Nampula, 2023
 NAMPULA SECONDARY SCHOOL

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORK

Theme: Conditional sentence

Teacher: Custodio T. Massimbe

 Nampula, 2023

Índice
Introdution.........................................................................................................................1

Conditional sentence.........................................................................................................2

There are four types of conditional sentences:..................................................................2

Zero conditional.................................................................................................................2

First conditional.................................................................................................................3

Second conditional............................................................................................................3

For example:......................................................................................................................3

For example:......................................................................................................................4

Third conditional...............................................................................................................4

Here are some examples:...................................................................................................4

Mixed conditional..............................................................................................................5

Here are some examples:...................................................................................................5

Conclusion.........................................................................................................................6

Bibliography......................................................................................................................7
Introdution

In the present work of the English discipline we will talk about Conditional sentences, a
conditional sentence is based on the word ‘if’. There are always two parts to a
conditional sentence – one part beginning with ‘if’ to describe a possible situation, and
the second part which describes the consequence. For example: If it rains, we’ll get
wet.

There are four types of conditional sentences: The zero conditional , The first
conditional , The second conditional and The third conditiona .

The zero conditional uses the present tense in both clauses and is used to talk about
something that is always or generally true. The third conditional uses the past perfect in
the if clause and a modal and present perfect in the result clause. The second conditional
uses the past tense in the if clause and a modal and base verb in the result clause. The
first conditional uses the present tense in the if clause and the future tense in the result
clause.

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Conditional sentence

Conditional sentences have two parts or clauses that give a condition in the dependent
clause and a result in the independent clause. The condition clause usually contains an if
statement. There are several different forms of conditional sentences that allow the
writer to express various meanings using different tenses.

 Condition (if) clause + result clause

A conditional sentence describes a condition that is necessary for a particular outcome

to occur. The conjunctions if, even if, when, whenever, whether, and unless often
appear in conditional sentences. The meaning of a conditional sentence determines
which verb tenses need to be used in the independent and subordinate clauses.

There are four types of conditional sentences:

 The zero conditional

 The first conditional
 The second conditional
 The third conditiona

Zero conditional

The zero conditional uses the present tense in both clauses and is used to talk about
something that is always or generally true. The present tense signifies that these actions
are both possible and typical.

Form: If + simple present, simple present

Example 1: If it rains, I take an umbrella with me to work.

Example 2: If I wake up early, I always read in bed

First conditional

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The first conditional uses the present tense in the if clause and the future tense in the
result clause. This form is used to talk about something that is a probable future result of
a condition.

Form: If + simple present, will + base verb

Example 1: If I see you later, I will say hello.

Example 2: If I don’t see you later, I won’t be able to say hello.

Second conditional

The second conditional uses the past tense in the if clause and a modal and base verb in
the result clause. This form is used to talk about a hypothetical situation that cannot
happen or is unlikely to happen.

The Past Subjunctive can also be used to speculate about the future result of a condition
that is not true in the present. In this case, the simple past-tense verb “were” is used in
the subordinate clause, and the main verb in the independent clause is preceded by the
modal would, could, or might.

 Speculation: If I were Prime Minister, I would do a great job.

 Speculation: If I were going to Paris, I would bring my passport.

Form: If + simple past, modal + base verb

For example:

If I had more time, I’d exercise more. (But I don’t have more time so I don’t.)

If I were rich, I’d spend all my time travelling. (But I’m not rich so I can’t.)

If she saw a snake, she’d be terrified.

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If he didn’t have to work late, he could go out with his girlfriend.

What would you do if you were offered a job in Canada?

You wouldn’t have to walk everywhere if you bought a bike.

A common expression used to give advice has the second conditional structure. The
expression is ‘If I were you, I’d..’, meaning ‘in your situation, this is what I would do’.

For example:

A: I’ve got a headache.

B: If I were you, I’d  take an aspirin.

A: I don’t understand this.

B: If I were you, I’d  ask your teacher for help.

A: This order won’t be delivered on time.

B:  If I were you, I’d phone the customer to let them know

Note: The condition and the result are not taking place in the past, but the past tense is
used to indicate the unreal nature of the situation

Third conditional

The third conditional uses the past perfect in the if clause and a modal and present
perfect in the result clause. This form is used to talk about a hypothetical situation in the
past that did not happen – typically with an outcome that did not happen and is perhaps
the opposite of what did happen.

Form: If + past perfect, modal + present perfect

Here are some examples:

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If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time.

If you hadn’t forgotten her birthday, she wouldn’t have been upset.

If they had booked earlier, they could have found better seats.

If I hadn’t learnt English, I wouldn’t have got this job.

What would you have studied if you hadn’t done engineering?

They wouldn’t have hired you if you hadn’t had some experience abroad.

You could have helped me if you’d stayed later.

Mixed conditional

Mixed conditionals combine the second and third conditionals to present both an unreal
condition either in the past or the present and an unreal result either in the past or the
present. The first form presents an unreal condition in the past that changes an unreal
outcome in the present (the past changes the present).

Form 1: If + past perfect, modal + base

Here are some examples:

If you’d studied harder, you’d be at a higher level now.

We’d be lying on a beach now if we hadn’t missed the plane.

They’d have much more confidence if they hadn’t lost so many matches.

What would you be doing now if you hadn’t decided to study?

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Conclusion

Reaching this point in the work, we conclude that Conditionals describe the result of a
certain condition. The if clause tells you the condition (If you study hard) and the main
clause tells you the result (you will pass your exams). The order of the clauses does not
change the meaning. If you study hard, you will pass your exams.

A conditional sentence expressing an implication (also called a factual conditional

sentence) essentially states that if one fact holds, then so does another. (If the sentence
is not a declarative sentence, then the consequence may be expressed as an order or a
question rather than a statement.) The facts are usually stated in whatever grammatical
tense is appropriate to them; there are not normally special tense or mood patterns for
this type of conditional sentence. Such sentences may be used to express a certainty, a
universal statement, a law of science, etc.

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Bibliography

https://www.madonna.edu/resources/writing-center/online-tutoring/Conditionals.pdf

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58d01deed482e982a9e679b5/t/
5af0a27b2b6a286f79b4dc9c/1525719675637/Conditional+Sentences.pdf

https://www.e-grammar.org/download/zero-conditional-rules.pdf

https://www.wallstreetenglish.com/exercises/how-to-use-conditionals-in-english-zero-
first-second-third-and-mixed