English 9

Module 4 – First and Second Conditionals

INTRODUCTION

In the previous module, you learned about conditional sentence, its

structure, and its first two kinds which are zero and first conditionals. These two
kinds of conditionals serve different purposes. Zero conditionals are used to talk
about facts or general truths while first conditionals are used to talk about real
situations and their possible outcome or result when they are met. In addition, first
conditionals are not only used to talk about possible results, they may also be used
to persuade and to talk about future, plans, promises, threats, warnings.
In this module, you will continue studying about the other two kinds of
conditionals: the second and third conditionals. You will discover their purpose and
their form as you go deeper in the right verb tenses to use when writing each type
of conditionals.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Use conditionals in expressing arguments

DURATION
1 week (5days)

OBJECTIVES
After studying this module, you should be able to;
1. understand the usage of the second and third conditionals;
2. differentiate the if clause and main clause, as well as, the tenses used for each
type of conditionals;
3. use conditionals in expressing arguments on some social issues; and
4. be aware of social issues that can affect you and your surroundings.

CONTENT
Content: Second and Third Conditionals
A.1 Key points
1. Types of conditionals
2. If clause and main clause
3. Tenses of verb
4. Uses of Conditionals
ENGAGE
Directions: Read this dialogue and answer the questions that follow on a separate
sheet of paper.

Fire Chief: (aboard a fire truck, shouting to the crowd along the road):
Clear the way! We have to reach the fire scene immediately!

Young man (victim’s son): Mr. Fireman, how late you are! The fire has been
raging for three hours! My parents have been trapped inside our
apartment! (Crying loudly) If you had come a few minutes earlier, they
could have been saved.

Fire Chief: Sorry, Mister. The whole road here has been completely
crowded. If you had called up early enough, we might have reached this
place sooner.

Questions:

1. What was the young man’s complaint?

2. What was the fire chief’s answer?
3. Do these if-clauses express real conditions or conditions that are contrary to
fact?
4. Complete this table with the if-clauses and result-clauses used in the
dialogue.

If – Clauses Result – Clauses

If ________________________________________.
____________________________________,
If ________________________________________.
____________________________________,

EQUIP
In the previous lesson, you are taught that a conditional sentence shows the
possible cause and effect of a situation; where the if-clause is the condition and the
main clause is the result.

IF CLAUSE + MAIN CLAUSE

 
CONDITION RESULT

 If I have enough money, I will go to Europe.

(condition) (result)

RESULT CONDITION
  I will go to Europe if I have enough money.
(result) (condition)

With this in mind, you will now study second and third conditionals.
Second Conditionals
Second conditionals present hypothetical or imaginary situation or things that are
impossible in the present and what could possibly result if it happened. It shows
that “if this happened” then “that would happen.” The condition in the second
conditional is not likely to happen or impossible to happen now or any time soon
but the speaker/writer of the sentence is imagining what would happen if it did.

Examples:

Condition Result
“if this happened” “that would happen”
If I won in the lottery, I would buy a house.
If I had enough time, I could go out with friends.
I you asked me to help you, I may help you.
If I my parents have enough money, they might buy me my own laptop.
If they did not attend the orientation, they would not learn how to use Google
Meet.
The second conditional’s form uses a conditional clause in the past simple,
and the main clause with would/could/may/might + basic form/simple form of the
verb.
Let us study the examples.

Condition + Result
Simple past tense verb would/could + base form of the verb
If I won in the lottery, I would buy a house.
If I had enough time, I could go out with friends.
If you asked me to help you, I may help you.
If my parents had enough money, they might buy me my own laptop.
If they did not attend the orientation, they would not learn how to use Google Meet.

These second conditionals may also be written with the result (main clause)
written before the condition (if clause).
Result + Condition
would/could + base form of the verb Simple past tense verb
I would buy a house if I won in the lottery.
I could go out with friends if I had enough time.
I may help you if you asked me to help you.
My parents might buy me my own laptop if I they had enough money.
They would not learn how to use Google Meet if they did not attend the orientation.

Another use of the second conditional is giving advice using the special
phrase “If I/he/she/it + were you…” It may look incorrect if we will consider the
subject-verb agreement rule that the pronouns I, he, she, and it takes a singular
verb like am or was. This is acceptable in the sense that it is used in the
subjunctive mood. The phrase means you are imagining yourself in the situation or
position of the other person and you are imagining what you are going to do or how
you are going to react to it.
Examples:
Condition + Result
If I were you, I would go to the doctor right away.
If he were you, he would not go out during curfew hours.
If I were you, I would wear my face mask and face shield outside.

Third Conditional

The third conditional lets us think of what could have happened if things went
differently in the past. It allows us to think back about these past situations and
imagine what could have happened. We may think of it this way: “if this had
happened, this could have happened.”
Examples:
Condition Result
“if this had happened” “that would/could have happened”
If I had stayed home, I would have finished my assignments.
If I had studied for the quiz, I could have gotten a high score.
If you had not left early, you could have seen BTS perform.
If she had told the truth, they would have forgiven her.
If my friend had not listened to me, her fever could have worsened.
The third conditional uses the past perfect tense (had + past participle) in
the condition (if clause) and the perfect conditional (would/could/might/may) +
have + past participle) in the result (main clause).
Let us study the examples.

Condition + Result
past perfect tense perfect conditional
(had/had not + past participle) (would/could/mightmay + have/have not + past
participle)
If I had stayed home, I would have finished my assignments.
If I had studied for the quiz, I could have gotten a high score.
If you had not left early, you could have seen BTS perform.
If she had told the truth, they would have forgiven her.
If my friend had not listened to me, her fever could have worsened.

These third conditionals may also be written with the result (main clause)
written before the condition (if clause).
Result + Condition
perfect conditional past perfect tense
(would/couldmight may + have/have not + past participle) (had/had not + past
participle)
 I would have finished my assignments if I had stayed home.
I could have gotten a high score if I had studied for the quiz.
You could have seen BTS perform if you had not left early.
They would have forgiven her if she had told the truth.
My friend’s fever could have worsened if my she had not listened to me.

Using Conditionals in Expressing Arguments on Some Social Issues

There are many social issues affecting everyone in our country in the past
and at present. Some of the most prevalent social issue nowadays include gender
and racial discrimination, poverty brought by the pandemic, drastic shift in the
delivery of learning, and others. It is important that we are well-informed about
what is happening around us so we must be kept updated by reading the news
online or in print and watching reliable news channels. We must be careful in
checking the reliability of our news sources so we will not become victims of fake
news. So make it a point that you do fact checking from reliable sites and sources
online or on newspapers.
Once you are well-informed about the social issues around you, you will be
able to present your own arguments especially now that you have knowledge about
conditionals.
Let us see how the second and third conditionals may be used in expressing
arguments given the current issue on legalizing divorce in the Philippines and the
use of motorcycle barriers as part of COVID 19 prevention.
Arguments:
a. Second Conditional
If Senators legalized divorce in the Philippines, many children would suffer.
b. Third Conditional
If Senators had not demanded the use of motorcycle barriers, we would have
not wasted money buying one.

ENHANCE
Activity 1
Directions: Write S if the sentence is a second conditional and T if it is a third
conditional. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. We wouldn’t be late again if we left early for school.

2. If you hadn’t forgotten my birthday, I wouldn’t have been upset.
3. If I finished my project early, I would submit it before the deadline.
4. We would have come if we had been invited.
5. If we lived in Spain, I would speak Spanish.
6. Liza wouldn’t have done it if she had known you were ill.
 7. If she were excellent in math, she would join the quiz bee.
8. If you passed the exam, you would be able to enter the university.
9. If the residents had called up earlier, the firemen might have reached the fire
scene sooner.
10.If the firemen had come sooner, the young man’s parents could have
survived.

Activity 2
Directions: Rewrite each sentence using the correct tense/form of the verb in the
parentheses according to what type of conditional is asked. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
Example: If the order (come) on time, I (give) a positive rating. third conditional
Answer: If the order came on time, I would have given a positive rating.

1. If she (wait) for me, she (dine) out with me. second conditional
2. If she (go) to art school, she (become) a painter. third conditional
3. If he (bring) his laptop with him, he (email) me. second conditional
4. If I (become) a model, I (travel) around the world. third conditional
5. We (be) safer if we (stay) at home. third conditional
6. If Dianne (buy) a new car, she (go) on a road trip. second conditional
7. If I (drink) vitamin C daily, I (get) sick. third conditional
8. If they (arrive) early, it (be) less stressful. second conditional
9. If Luke (not/send) flowers to his mother, she (not/be) happy. third conditional
10. If it (rain) hard last night, schools (suspend) classes today. second conditional

ENRICH
Activity 3
Directions: Complete the arguments by writing the possible result. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If Amanda had not gone to the party, ______________________________________.
2. If the students complied with their projects, _______________________________.
3. If the cleaners had tidied their classroom, _________________________________.
4. If the weather hadn’t been so cold, ________________________________________.
5. If you had slept earlier, ___________________________________________________.
6. If the teacher gave us lots of homework this weekend, _____________________.
7. If the students hadn’t been late for the exam, ______________________________.
8. If we hadn’t had an argument,_____________________________________________.
9. If you had come earlier to school today, ___________________________________.
10.If you weren’t so rude and disrespectful to your classmate, ________________.
EMPOWER
Activity 4
Directions: Construct a second conditional and third conditional sentence about
the given issues. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. See the rubric
below as your guide in doing your task.

1. Cities and provinces declared under Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine

Second Conditional
_________________________________________________________________
Third Conditional
_________________________________________________________________

2. Implementation of mass testing (Swab Test and Rapid Test)

Second Conditional
_________________________________________________________________
Third Conditional
_________________________________________________________________
3. The “No Face shield, No ride “Policy
Second Conditional
_________________________________________________________________
Third Conditional
_________________________________________________________________
4. Covid-19 Vaccine
Second Conditional
_________________________________________________________________
Third Conditional
_________________________________________________________________
5. Covid-19 is an opportunity to reinvent education
Second Conditional
_________________________________________________________________
Third Conditional
_________________________________________________________________

Rubrics (5 pts.) (4-3 pts.) (2 pts.-1 pt.)

Content Ideas are very Ideas are fairly Ideas are not
clear and clear and
coherent. coherent. clear.
Grammar Has no error in Has one or two Has three or more
conditionals, conditionals, conditionals,
punctuation, punctuation, punctuation,
capitalization and capitalization and capitalization and
spelling. spelling errors. spelling errors.

Activity 5
Directions: Write a paragraph that would include a second or third conditional to
answer the following questions. Write paragraphs on a separate sheet of paper.
Use the short answer essay rubric below to serve as your guide as you do your
task.
1. If you were made a president for a day, what would you do for the country?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. If you had saved a lot of money, what will you have spent it on? Explain your
answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

EVALUATE
Directions: Share what you have learned in this lesson by answering the following
questions with a short essay. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
Use the short answer essay rubric below to serve as your guide as you do your
task.
1. Differentiate second conditionals from third conditionals. Cite an example for
each conditional.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. If you will change one wrong decision or one wrong action you did in the past,
what would you change? Explain why.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
SHORT ANSWER ESSAY RUBRIC
Scoring Scale Unsatisfactory Needs Improvement Satisfactory Outstanding
Criteria 2 3 4 5
Structure Not written in Written in complete Written in complete Written in
complete sentences, sentences but does sentences but falls complete
thus, did not make a not form a well- short in writing a sentences
complete paragraph crafted paragraph well-crafted forming a well-
paragraph crafted
paragraph
Quality of Did not answer the Answered question Answered question Answered the
Answer question in totality correctly but have correctly but has a question
included irrelevant few vague points correctly
parts
Technical Contains numerous Contains few Followed rules of No errors in
aspects grammatical, grammatical, grammar, grammar,
punctuation and punctuation and punctuation and punctuation and
spelling errors spelling errors spelling with very spelling
minor errors

EMBED
  Second conditionals present hypothetical or imaginary situation or things
that are impossible in the present and what could possibly result if it
happened. It shows that “if this happened” then “that would happen.”
 The second conditional uses a conditional clause in the past simple, and the
main clause with would/could/may/might + basic form/simple form of the
verb.
 Second conditionals may be used in giving advice using the special phrase
“If I/he/she/it were you…” which means you are imagining yourself in the
situation or position of the other person and you are imagining what you are
going to do or how you are going to react to it.
 The third conditional lets us think of what could have happened if things
went differently in the past. We may think of it this way: “if this had
happened, this could have happened.”
 The third conditional uses the past perfect tense (had + past participle) in
the condition (if clause) and the perfect conditional
(would/could/might/may) + have + past participle) in the result (main
clause).

Post Test
Direction: Read each statement carefully. Write the letter of the best answer on a
sheet of paper.
1. It is a conditional which lets us contemplate what could have happened if
things went differently in the past.
a. Zero Conditional c. Third Conditional
b. First Conditional d. Second Conditional
2. It is a conditional which reflects ideas of “if you did this, this can happen.”
a. Zero Conditional c. Second Conditional
b. First Conditional d. Third Conditional
3. It is the tense of a verb that is use to reflect hypothetical situations that
aren’t based in reality.
a. Present Perfect Tense c. Past Perfect Tense
b. Simple Past Tense d. Past Participle

4. It is a type of conditional which reflects things that did or did not happen in
the past that are still relevant now and in the future.
a. First Conditional c. Third Conditional
b. Second Conditional d. Mixed Conditional
5. A clause that usually begins with “if” and can come before or after an
independent clause.
a. Conditional Clause c. Subordinate Clause
b. Dependent Clause d. Main Clause

6. A possible condition and possible result are the content of this type of
conditional sentence.
a. Zero Conditional c. Second Conditional
 b. First Conditional d. Third Conditional
7. The tense of the verb that is used in writing the zero conditional sentence is
what we call the ____________.
a. past perfect tense c. future tense
b. present tense d. present perfect tense
8. “If the children hadn’t eaten all that chocolate, they wouldn’t have felt sick.”
Is an example of what type of conditional?
a. Zero Conditional c. Second Conditional
b. First Conditional d. Third Conditional
9. “If she goes to the library, she’ll study more.” Is an example of what
conditional?
a. Zero or Real c. Second Conditional
b. First Conditional d. Third Conditional
10.“If John drinks too much coffee, he’ll get ill.” Is an example of what
conditional?
a. Zero Conditional c. Second Conditional
b. First Conditional d. Third Conditional
11.In the sentence, “If I wanted a new car, I would buy one.” The underlined
clause is what we call ______________.
a. main clause c. conditional clause
b. dependent clause d. independent clause

12.We can make a zero conditional sentence with two ___________verbs (one in
the ‘if clause’ and one in the ‘main clause’).
a. present perfect verbs c. past perfect verbs
b. past simple verbs d. present simple verbs
13.It is the type of conditional which uses the present simple after ‘if’, then the
future simple in the other clause.
a. Zero Conditional c. Second conditional
b. First Conditional d. Third Conditional
14.In the sentence, “If I have enough money, I’ll buy some new shoes.”, the
underlined clause is the ________________.
a. main clause c. conditional clause
b. dependent clause d. independent clause
15.In the sentence, “If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t have felt sick,” the
main clause uses what tense of the verb?
a. past participle c. past perfect
b. past tense d. past perfect continuous

References:
https://englishsentences.com/conditional-sentences/
grammar.cl/english/second-conditional.htm