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    24 views15 pages

    Sheperis Chapter 2 - Ethical Consideration in The Practice of Research

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    Haley Accounts

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ieot ETHICAL CONSIDERATION IN THE PRACTICE OF RESEARCH ely L. Wester, PRD, LPC, NCC Erik Hines, PHD, NCC Universi of Noth Carolina a Greensboro onjectivEs ‘Mer reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Unda and ine ean than eer tg 2 Api rine ot exponen cote! cog 2. bet robs inpst esac sides tle athe deeopment of cure ahi sands ‘aed th ve of aman propa ‘4 ane yarns tic! corte in contusngs esac sey om eaapment at nos roogh pebtin ea cea compen th not Report a how ac pli etal camates in anc rsach, OVERVIEW “Tie chapte ie designed to provide an overview a the important ethical considerations that must be made when completing research volving human subjects in counseling ‘As acomnelo, you have ben working with Debbie a 26-year ol mit female who presented wih [Major Depresive Disorder, self ijuious behavior, and sitsance abuse, Dsbe ha suflered many Tonos throughout be if that have ld to er presenting concerns, pd ths she voluntary entered unsling six months ago It peas, at the sa-month mark, hat many of Debbie's peseting oncerns have dininisheds however, yo ate uns o wh extent he syns have improved. ‘This typical experience that many counsolors wil face throughout the counseling careers. One wa tobe Sue of your cleat’ progress in courselig and to determine i the method you wo tang ar effective, H 0 eagags inc proces of rseweh (2g ng rey, sion ‘ites, or interviews to empirically tok th changes of len) For explo gay the pro {ss Debhichias mad, you ould aveher complete symptom qbesonnie (Bek Depression Inventory, Deliberate Set-Harm Investor) at nak at 3 months, and st 6 months. The would allow you wo ature yourself and your cient that it appropri to termite or fo examine the ogres that as teen made and wo explo the net sep tat ned 1 be taken Evauting your progres with chet and examining your effectiveness prsticl of engaging in evidence-based practice; yet befor 16 Pat + Antero o Rech in Counting eed tobe given ateation to ensure proper client cae. Ethical consideration in research (4. ‘sessing Debbie's progress by using guesonnaires) are rasydiscused in clini practice, in logs, or the counseling literature. Yet, the Courell for Accreditation of Counseling and Related "Edscatonal Programs (2001, 2008) indicted that researc ra ore are tt ust taught within counselor preparation programs. Acompoaeat of tii ethical practice wil condocing research ‘Tho, roseth ees wll be the primary foes ofthis hap, Todghou thi shaper, the ters hun paricipant wd client wil be aed syeonyously Reseach ethics and inteaiybave aot been widely discussed a reation o counseling profes sionals in genera. Yet counselors, a al postions, re ethically responsible whe it omnes f con ‘ducting and applying researc. Before beginning to discs te respons you will ave with regan to research definitions wl be provide. RESEARCH ETHICS, INTEGRITY, AND RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH In your everyday personal nd professions lives, yu wil make orl decisions stustion arise Profesional, thse decslons could be determing which clint you ae tained to work with ‘when to bea client's confidenliy, what todo when wciet gives yous gif ote appropri rethods to we in weting prtcua len. Suggestion on how one should approach these dei Sons ae provided by our pica professional rgstzation, the American Counseling Associa ton (ACA, 2014), Furthermore, eter orgnizatons provide thir owe ebicl codes for members (@a, Assocation of Counselor Educates and Supervises, National Board for Catfid Counse Toes American School Counselors Astocation hcl codes related specially to reszarch ar included in the ACA etal guidlines (see section G, ACA, 2014). Examples of ethical dvsion making elated to seach practic incde infomed conse ensuring he bet etme} oe you clin, and easing cent acy areca data and fue publications presentations, Thin, research lcs are not designed fo provide seis twas total dla, bt to guide one’s gmens al dcisow naling rosee. ‘Research ethic defined a the "stay or elence of ight and wrong what one Ought to o when confronted wit coficing values or obligntons” (Steneck, 2003, p. 240), ACA speci tally stated, "Counseles shoul pla, design, condct, and epor esearch in « mange hat is ontistet with ertinet ethical principles, feral and sate ls, hot ination regulations, ad ‘eientfie standards governing research wis human esearch prtispate” (ACA, 2014 GL) ‘When you adhere tthe ethical codes of your profesional organization, you are considered to be engaging in research integrity. Research intra i defined as" commie to nll tones and personal espaniliy” neta of Medicine, 2002) and adherence to rls, egla- tons, uieline, and commonly accepted profesional codes or ars” (Ofc of Researsh Inte ‘ty [ORI], 2003) Therefore, af loag a8 you adhere 1 the ACA's and your employment ‘organization's (eg. university, agency, shoo) research etl code, you woul be ating with Integy in your esearch fas a counselor, you follow te ACA ethical codes ad mtnan research integrity, you ‘comsdered tobe engigng inthe responsible condct of research (RCR). RCR i defined a so acting eeseuch na manner that fll he professional responsible of researcher, ak defined by hi other profesional organization fe, ACA, the insttions for which they work [en ‘very, school dtc, state agency, community ageney) and whea leva, he goveroment and Public (Steneck, 2006, p. 33). Although ACA provides us with guidlines to ease that We se Ethical responsible the area of esearch, the Otic of Research Inert (ORI provides ws with tio core area to consider if wear fo engage in responsible conduct of esearch ce Table 2.1. These wine ares foclde 1. Dats acquisition, management sharing, nd ownership 2. Menortaine relationships Peblinion prices and respon aot Colaborive science ovach noting ainals Const of nr and commen When engaging inthe proces of esearch, on should combine the nlae ORL aes with the ACA (or ober profesional organization) eel code to ensure esearch integrity andthe respon TABLE 2:1 Office of Research Integrys Nine Core Areas of Responsible Conduct of Research trestarch Core Area Description ta acqbiion, Accepted paces for aequvng and manainng G1, Pic ResercherResporsiby manager Sharing, nd ten fesporable ‘esearch ta. Pope metodo ecard Keng Spd elecrone dtacolecton and serape nse He research, includes dian what constites ‘at eepng dat oteboks er tectonic Hie, Sata pricy and conientty data secon, {rye document ans inchs propery, ‘he responsbilties of mentor and tana n indudes the role ofa mentor, responsibites trainee, calberation ana competito, selection ofa mentor, and sousng the mentranee ‘eaters publcaton, and te responses of the auth Ircues topic such a colabortive werk and wsignog approprate ced, seronledgmets, Sproat etatons repens publestons fragmentry puesto aifisent ception of for decdng on authors, author rrp, foe research funding and publistions. cludes imparaiy, how per reve wort, editor ode and ad hoe reir, response the veveners, rvlegenaraon and cont sera. “American Counseling Association's Code of Ethie for Research 2014) 6.24, Confidntity of rfrmaton 6.2, Research Recor Cu (Ga, ety of Partin Gite, Replcaton Sides 6.5.¢, arent of Controutons GS Student ese Gb, bigation wo Report Untavrable G.5c Acawedgement of Preious 5., Agreement of Contbutons G51 student esearch 65, Dupicste submissen TABLE2.1 (Continued) Responsible Conduct “Rmarcan Counseling Aaxodation’s _oteserch Cor Area Description - Code of Ethies for Research 2018) 5. Colabortve _Retarc olaboratons and tas that may arse... infeing Sporsos Seren from suchcolabartons includes tpi such os G Se, Agreement of Cotrbuton ng found es ay in he aarti, imaerae sna information wy intra nd 6 Human sujecs sues imporantin conducting resatch inohing 6.1. Devito from Standard of human subjects Includes topessuchasthe race ‘ftton of human sabia earch, ethcal Gt Independent Researchers rns or conducting ura subetreeerch, normed onset confidently and precy of (tad patient ecrcrst and bane G14 neal Resercer preparation of esearch protec netutonal Responsibly reve oats, adherence stay protocol, 2, formed Corsetin Research rope ond of he siya peo) G28, StudertSupenisce 1 iden, norte, andthe se). 6.2¢ Chet Parioatin 6.24, Confidentity of rfrmaton 6.2.9, Penons Not Caste of Sieng infor consent G3, Rlatonstps wit Research G3, Sens Harte and Rest 2. Researching sues important to conducting research ving NA, tomate ‘als odes topes such 2: cefaon at enducng research on snl fd gu Sera goveang anal arch sta ‘hina ° “The meaning of esench misconduct andthe Ga, Aca Resuts Tequatons, pales, and quilines hat govein. G's, slogan Incas topic sich force, alsa, {nd paparem eer. ntentonsl misconduct instutenal mszonduc pales denying Ivette, ning metutans nd der 55, Duplicate Sabin rT “Fesponsibe Conduct ~~ erica Counseling Association's tf esearch Core Area Desetion Code of Ethie for Rates (2018) “Font frees The oravon of conical ee adoro G2, fom Sposos SGcomiment’ funde covcsof meres yes cf one encountered by esearch and asttrs. Insadestopic sucha colts eo th Colabortrs,pubscatn nana confi IMPACT OF IRRESPONSIBLE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH Iris imperative that asa counselor, regardless of posto, you become fila with end ahere to your profsionsehial codes a research beease ofthe impliewion that inesponsible conduct ‘Could have fr you proferson and your clients. There ae vaius implications of unethical earch Practices (Stenerk, 2006) One ofthe ot serious ir that engaging in unethical reuerc (rom signing study, o data collection, to misepresenting published research) can lead to cea human pricipan harm. An exteme example isthe fal impact research in the medica sor rity had onto human prtcpents (Curry, 2001; Sober. 1995) It was belived tht these to dese could have een avoided if he researches bad rea te exiting Werte on spproprae treatment and if they had voice conflict of interest in the esearch dy (Stents, 2000, Keep ind ht altnough thes two dete were higlghed and dscueed in the literate, deaths ‘eto medical neligence in knowing research happen feguenti. Although dst asses of ‘esearch havent been reported in the counseling teat, let harm dows over (eg. Brown & spin, 200; Kocet& Freeman, 2005; Sanders & Freeman, 2003). For example, imagine a counselors conducting research compare which metbod of tet ing clients with depression is moe effective eg. therapy as ual or prychophamacology), While conducting thi research, the countlor separates he lens oto two groupe: Group 1 reeves ‘counseling abd medications; Group 2 recive oaly counseling She lars tht some cle in het, therapy-ony group exhibit vere depression tht merits anidepretant medicine. However, 0 ‘complete the std, she conus collec dats for another month. Therefor by esing to po ‘ide the therpy-ony group withthe option to take medicine, these clei wl experince cot. ‘ed dsupion ofthe iver (ose ACA Code of Ethics 1.1 or more extemeasuite ate) & revearch rbject. Using » more typical example, image «couneor ina school sting where ‘dents sent to hi office do to sping the classroom, When aking wih te std, he ea ine the seat is ad ané pos depesod, ving no energy, He asses tat someting must be occuring ith pers or even at home However, resent iterate woudl ll the sol cut selor to check and ask quertions about subwance abun, selharming behavior, and even suc havior. Tete questions and knowledge coal elp the scl counselor ease the sale) othe student owever, not knowing oe applying the restr is neglect an, ultimately, unethical though research ethics re not freentlydseosse in elation to clin practic, respon sib research practices have lakes pac i the counseling il. The ACA ets commits pro ‘ides informatio regarding the reports and ques recived reltd to posible tial Voto. ‘Almost every year forthe pst 10 years, approximately 15 ofthe informal nguies made have ‘oan related to research and publication (eg, Brown & Esping, 2000; Koet & Freeman, 2005 Sanders & Freeman, 2003). Uaforunately the eis somites bas sever povided gest tall bout hese inquires or determined where th questionable esearch behvios ie Asay by Davis, Wester, and King (2008) speifcally examined iespnsble conduct of research among sample of 189 professional inthe counseling fl. This sample included coun ‘eloedeatr at universities (4%), master w/dctora saents(1)-andcouaueling profesonde and sopervsors (24%). Each participant was provided with muliplevigntes that described ‘Scenario related to research eis (e, dala mahagement, informed consent sing deseption ith liens. Davis ea found that Betven 2% and 24% of the counseling profesional self-reported the lklibood tht sey would engage In unvhialreserch behavior. Specially, 26% repoted they woul be Tikeiy”ta nsppoprisely use deeption with lente to prsuae theta opiate Ina study. Furdermore, 25 104% Indiesed they would be “extremely key” to rept inaearte significant esl to obtain grant fnding or have stale plished, Clery its highly likely ‘hat uncial behave lado research exist in orf, Fortis reson, is imperative tt al ‘councling professionals lam and Become falar withthe ACA’s eel coves en eet pert ‘tek ehial codes and engage in research otegiy, Simla, Wester, Wise, and Davis (2010) explored resarch integrity among «sample of counselor edcator and found afew instances of unethical and quetonblerxenreh bebavon. These included 7% reporting ty would no aban parental consent before aking a aoe hd © paricipte in esearch, 15% reporting not discussing authorship with student por engaging in research projec and 15% reporting they would inion ting ft author on a ste pape ot project Whea considering clint conidentalty in coumeing, and partic in research, 8% of this ample of counselor edcstrsndiestd they would sare the butan pctisipact data before removing pipnt eotyng lformaton, and 3% would publish t without removing identify ing information. This volts not only client confidently, ut alo research participant hts ‘One ofthe strongest predictors af engaging in responsible condos of research is eeiving research ethics taining (Wester etal, 2010). Another way Ist ve other examine your proposed ‘tudy or research design before you begin it For example, before collin dat, coaaeon ec ‘oust tel poposed sty to a commitoe that reviews the sty to eset man beste re proteied (ee Inter distesion on Instiatonal Review Board)

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