Engineering Mathematics 2_ODE_2019 1

Chapter 7: Differential Equation

1. Find general solution/general integral to the differential equation

C  3x 2
a.  
2 xy  6 x  x 2  4 y '  0 Ans : y 
x2  4

C   2x  1
b. 1  2x y '  3 y2 Ans : y  
C  6x  3

c. y 4 y ' y ' x 2  1  0 Ans : y 


5 x 3  3x  3C 
3 y4  5 
d. ydx  x y  1dy  0 Ans : y  ln x  ln y  C
2
e. y'8 xy  0 Ans : y  Ce 4x
x2
dy 
2
f.  xy  0 Ans : y  Ce
dx

dy x 1 1  x2 
g.  Ans : y    x  sin y  C 
dx 2  cos y 2 2 
dy 2
h.  xy 2 Ans : y   2
dx x C
2x
i. y ' Ans : y   2 x 2  C
y

dy 2 x 3  1 x4  x  C
j.  Ans : y 
dx 3  2 y 3 y
dy 2 x  xy
k.  2
dx y 1

ds s 2  6 s  9
l. 
dt t2
dy y 2  3x 
m. 
dx x1  3 y 

dy 6t 2  2t  1
n. 
dt cos y  e y

dy ex
o.  e yx Ans : y  ln
dx 1  Ce x

dy 2
p.  xe y Ans : y  ln
dx C  x2

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dy 2 x 1
q.  Ans : y  ln 3 x 2  C
dx e 3 y 3
2 C
dy 2e x
r.  2 xy  xy 2 Ans : y  2 C
dx 1 e2x
1
dy x 4 4 4
s.  Ans : y   x 5  C 
dx y 3 5 
dy
t.  4e x  y Ans : y  ln 4e x  C
dx
dy x 1 5 2
u.  5y Ans : y  ln x  C
dx e 5 2

2. Solve differential equation, subject to initial conditions

a. y "  3 sin 3 x  5 sin x  1; y (0)  3; y '(0)   2.

b. y "  9 sin 3 x  2 sin x  1; y (0)  3; y '(0)   2.

c. sin  x dx  ydy  0 ; y 0  1 Ans : y  2 cos x  1

dy 4 sin 2t
d.  ; y0  1 Ans : y  5  4 cos 2t
dt y

3 19
e. 2ty '4 y  3 ; y 1  4 Ans : y  
4 4t 2
t
f. y'  ; y 2   1 Ans : y   t 2  3
y
dy 2
g.  xy 2 ; y 2   4 Ans : y 
dx 9
x2 
2

1
h. y 2
 dy
1
dx
 3y ; for x 
13
6
and y  1 Ans : y   6 x  2 ln y 
3
dy 1 
i.  ; y 3  Ans : y  cos 1  x  3
dx sin y 2
dy 2 x 1
j.  ; y 2  ln 5 Ans : y  ln 2 x 2  17
dx e 2 y 2
dy 3 x 2 1
k.  ; y 1  0 Ans : y  ln 2 x 3  1
dx e 2 y 2
dy
l. If  y  1 ; y 0   2. Find y when x  1 . Ans : 3e  1
dx

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dy 7e 2  3
m. If  2 y  3 ; y 0   2. Find y when x  1 . Ans :
dx 2
dy 1
n. If  2 xy 2 ; y 1  1. Find y when x  2 . Ans : 
dx 2
dy
o. If  e yx ; y ln 4   0. Find y when x  ln 2 . Ans :  ln 3
dx
p. sinx dx  ydy ; y0   1 Ans: y  2 cos x  1

q. xy'  y  2 ; y 1  1 Ans : y  x  2

1
r. 2 x  1 yy'  y 2  2 ; y 5   2 Ans : y  x  1 2

3. A certain substance evaporates at a rate which is proportional to the amount of

substance left. Given that the initial amount of the substance is A and the amount which
has evaporated at the time t is x, write a differential equation to show the rate of
evaporation.
a. Solve the differential equation and sketch the graph x against t. Ans :

b. Given that it took ln 2 seconds for half the amount to be evaporated, find how
3
long it takes for of the initial amount to be evaporated. Ans :
4

4. A man does a regular 6km morning jog. It is assumed that his speed is proportional to
the remaining distance. He starts off at a speed of 8kmh-1 and completes x km after t
hours.
dx 4
a. Write a differential equation to this model. Ans :  6  x 
dt 3

b. Solve the differential equation and find the time taken to complete 4km.

Ans : 0.824h

c. Find the speed at the time when he has completes 4km of the jogging.
8
Ans : kmh 1
3

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5. The gradient of a curve at any point (x,y) is given by the differential equation
dy
2y  2 y 2  7  0 . Given that the curve passes through the point (0,3), find the
dx

11e 2 x  7
equation of the curve. Ans : y 
2

dy
6. Find the particular solution of ODE 5  2 x  3 , given the boundary conditions
dx
2 3 x2
y 1 when x  2 . Ans : y  x 1
5 5 5

7. The current in an electric circuit containing resistance R and inductance L in series with
di
a constant voltage source E is given by the DE E  L  Ri . Solve the equation and
dt
find i in terms of time t given that when t  0 and i  0 .
Rt
E  
Ans : i  1  e L 

R 

8. Consider a simple electric circuit with the resistance of 3 and inductance of 2H. If a
battery gives a constant voltage of 24V and the switch is closed when t = 0, the current
I(t), after t seconds is given by
dI 4
 t  15 ; I 0   0
dt 3
4
45   t 
a. Obtain I(t) Ans : I t   1  e 3 
4 

dy
9. Suppose  4 xy and y  1 when x  2 . Find y when x  3 .
dx
Ans : y  e10

dy 2 x
10.  and y  0 when x  1 . Find y when x  2 .
dx e y
Ans : y  ln 4

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11. A roast is put in a 300oF oven and heats according to the differential equation
dT
 k 300  T 
dt
Where k is a positive constant and T(t) is the temperature of the roast after t minutes.
a. If the roast is at 50oF when put in the oven, i.e. T(0) = 50, find T(t) in terms of k
and t. Ans : T t   300  250e  kt

b. If T 30   200 o F , find k Ans : 0.03054

12. The rate of change of volume V of a melting snowball is proportional to be surface area
dV
of the snowball, that is,   ks , where k is a positive constant. If the radius of the
dt
3
ball at t = 0 is r = 2 and at t = 10 is r = 0.5, show that r   2.
20t

13. Let F(t) be the temperature, in degrees Farenheit, of a cup of tea at time t minutes, t  0
. Room temperature is 70o and the initial temperature of the tea is 180o. The tea’s
dF
temperature at time t is described by the differential equation  0.1F  70 , with
dt
the initial condition F(0)=180.
a. Find an expression of F in terms of t, where t is measured in minutes
t
Ans : F  70  110e 10
b. How hot is the tea after 10 minutes? Ans : 110o
c. If the tea is safe to drink when its temperature is less than 120o, at what time is the
tea safe to drink? Ans : 7.88 minutes

14. The motion of a stone falling from rest from the top of a high building is governed by
the differential equation
dv 1
acceleration   32  v
dt 2
where v and t represent velocity and time respectively as usual. Find the velocity after 4
seconds. Find also the distance the stone falls from its initial position after 2 seconds
Ans : 408.9 ; 91.94

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15. Newton’s Law of Cooling states that if the temperature of an ingot t minutes after it
dT
starts to cool is ToC then   k T  15 where 15oC is the room temperature. Find an
dt
expression for T in terms of t if the initial temperature is 500oC. Find the temperature
after 30 minutes if k =0.02.

Ans: T  485e kt  15 ; 281.17

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