Summary Lineal Algebra

Inner Product
Operation between vectors, with a scalar as a result.
It’s a function V x V -> R
Properties:

Norm
The norm of a vector represents the length from 0 to the point that represents the vector.
The expression for the norm is:

From this we could say the norm squared is the inner product of a vector with itself.
A normalized vector is a vector with norm = 1

Orthogonal Vectors
For two vectors v and w, they are orthogonal if they are linear independent and the inner product of
them is equal to 0.

Projections
The projection of a vector u onto the vector v is
Orthonormal Basis
A basis for a vector space is called orthonormal if the inner product of two vectors in the basis.
< vi , vj > = 0 if i =! J
< vi , vj > = 1 if i = j
In this basis all vectors are orthogonal with each other (inner product equals to 0) and all vectors are
normalized

Gram – Schmidt Process

Using the Gram Schmidt Process one can obtain an orthonormal basis from other basis of a
determined vector space.
Steps:
From a basis {v1, v2, v3}

The obtained orthonormal basis will be {u1, u2, u3}