‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪» :‬ﻻ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺣﱴ ﳛﺐ‬
‫ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺐ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪» :‬ﺑﻠﻐﻮﺍ ﻋﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺁﻳﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﲨﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺕ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪َ ‬ﻭَﺗ َﺰﻭﱠﺩُﻭﺍ ﹶﻓﹺﺈﻥﱠ َﺧ ْﻴ َﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﱠﺍ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﱠ ﹾﻘﻮَﻯ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺇﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺧﱵ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﱪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﳍﻢ ﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﲟﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٧٥٨٣/‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٢٨٣٧/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑًﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﻬﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻘﻬﻨﺎ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺼًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺮﺑًﺎ ﳌﺮﺿﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻓﻌًﺎ ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺍﺏ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺭﺑﻪ‬
‫ﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺱ ﰲ ‪١٤١٢/٧/١‬ﻫـ‬
‫ﺹ‪.‬ﺏ‪(٥٥٣) :‬‬
 ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﳍﻢ ﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻨﻔﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻔﺮﺣﻮﻥ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺮﻭﻥ ﻟﻘﺪﻭﻣﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﻬﻧﻢ ﻋﻮﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻃﻨﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻤﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﻊ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻷﻣﺘﻪ ﻟﻴﻌﺘﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺰﻭﺩﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﲡﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ –‬
‫ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ – ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺜﻘﻞ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺷﺎﻗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﻘﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻣﺜﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺭﺍﺋﻌًﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺼﺺ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻣًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻋﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺘﻬﻴﺄ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﻌﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺼﻨﻌﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ؟ ﻭﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻛﺄﻬﻧﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬

‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﱄ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﺩﻭﱐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻋﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺗﻘﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺃﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﺻﻒ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﺼﻴﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﺰﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺄﻟﻮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ؟‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺘﲏ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺳﻮﺀ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺩﱐ ﻓﺮﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﻬﻧﻢ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﻔﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻬﻧﺎﺭ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﺒًﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻘﻮﺓ ﻳﻘﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻔﺮﺣﻮﻥ ﺑﻘﺪﻭﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻐﻤﺴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻧﻐﻤﺎﺳﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﺒًﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻣﺎﻬﻧﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﱂ ﺷﺮﻬﺑﺎ ﰲ‬
 ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺏ«)‪ (١‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻬﺑﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ – ﻭﺇﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ – ﻋﻘﺎﺑًﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﺘﻌﻪ ﲞﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺁﺧﺮ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﻬﻧﻢ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳚﺮﻱ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻏﺮﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺮﺣﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺪﻭﻣﻪ ﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺎﻕ ﺑﻘﺪﻭﻡ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻈﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻘﺘﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻬﺑﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﻳﻌﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺣﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﺮﺣﻮﻥ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﳝﻀﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺣﻮﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﻮ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻘﻠﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻠﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻷﻬﻧﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻓﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺬﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺂﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻛﺢ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻌًﺎ ﻭﻗﻴﺪًﺍ ﳛﺒﺴﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻬﻮﺍﻬﺗﻢ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦٣١٠/‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪٦٥٢٥/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬

‫ﻭﳛﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﻼﺫﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺜﻘﻠﻮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻷﻬﻧﻢ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺗﻘﺼﲑﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻃﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ؛ ﻓﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻛﻔﲔ ﻳﺘﺮﺩﺩﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﻬﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺍﻇﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﱂ ﻳﺄﻟﻔﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﻃﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻈﻤﻮﺍ ﲪﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻟﺪًﺍ‬
‫ﳍﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﻼﻣًﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﻬًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺿﺎﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﻋًﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻳﻨﺸﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎﱐ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺻﻤﺖ ﺷﻬﺮًﺍ ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ ﺁﺧـﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺪﻳﲏ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﻳﺖ ﻗـﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺻﻴﺐ ﲟﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻝ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺜﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻬﻧﻢ ﺳﻴﻔﺎﺭﻗﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻟﻔﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺘﺰﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻋﺠﺐ ﺃﻻ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻭﺭ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﺸﲔ؛ ﻫﻞ ﻗﻀﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺗﺰﻭﻝ ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻋﻦ ﲬﺲ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻓﻴﻢ ﺃﻓﻨﺎﻩ؟ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻢ ﺃﺑﻼﻩ؟ ﻭﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﻘﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ؟«)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺰﺍﻣًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺗﻼﻭﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻚ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻗﺘﻚ ﻭﰲ ﺗﻼﻭﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻳﺪﺍﻭﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺘﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﺼﺢ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻮﻉ ﻭﲰﺎﻉ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ /‬ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،٧٢٩٩/‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪» (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺣﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺁﱂ ﺣﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺣﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻴﻢ ﺣﺮﻑ«‪ .‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦٤٦٩/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳒﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﲢﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺧﺘﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺪﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﺋﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‪ ..‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻚ ﳍﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺣﺼﻴﻠﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺑﺪﺋﻲ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺗﺘﻔﻘﻬﲔ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺒﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺼﲑﺓ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺗﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﻄﻠﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻬﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻹٍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺘﻌﺮﰲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺜﺎﺭ ﺿﺪﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻲ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﺋﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻬﻤﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻱ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺄﱄ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻀﲔ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻚ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻳﺴﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﻣﲔ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻗﺮﺋﻲ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﻳﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﻬﻲ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫"ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﺩﻋﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪" :‬ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺣﺮﺻﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻓﻀﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﺡ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻠﺬﺍﻛﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭَﺍﻟﺬﱠﺍ ِﻛﺮﹺﻳ َﻦ‬
‫ﺕ‪] ‬ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪.[٣٥ :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ﹶﻛِﺜﲑًﺍ ﻭَﺍﻟﺬﱠﺍ ِﻛﺮَﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻭﺻﲏ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪» :‬ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻚ ﺭﻃﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﷲ«)‪ .(١‬ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺫﻛﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺫﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﻜﺮ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺪﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻛﺮﻳﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌًﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺸﺌﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﳝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪» :‬ﻛﻠﻜﻢ ﺭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻠﻜﻢ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ«‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ .(٣‬ﻓﺎﻷﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻳﺘﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻋﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻟﺼﻖ ﻬﺑﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﲡﻌﻞ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺿﻌﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻮﱐ ﻷﻭﻻﺩﻙ ﻗﺪﻭﺓ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺭﲪﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻌًﺎ )‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،٧٧٠٠/‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﻐﻴﱵ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺰﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺟﻌﻲ ﺇﱃ "ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺐ" ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ"ﺍﻷﺫﻛﺎﺭ"‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ"ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ" ﻟﻸﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٤٥٦٩/‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ‪" :‬ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ" ﻟـ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺎﺻﺢ ﻋﻠﻮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴًﺎ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ  :‬ﻭﺍﺗﱠﻘﹸﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ َﺗﺴَﺎ َﺀﻟﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹺﺑ ِﻪ ﻭَﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ْﺭﺣَﺎ َﻡ ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ َﻋ ﹶﻠ ْﻴ ﹸﻜ ْﻢ َﺭﻗِﻴﺒًﺎ‪‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ [١ :‬ﻭﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺬ ﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﺿﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻠﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻚ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻚ«)‪ .(١‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺴﺪُﻭﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ْﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴ ْﻴُﺘ ْﻢ ﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ َﺗ َﻮﻟﱠ ْﻴُﺘ ْﻢ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﺗُ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪  :‬ﹶﻓ َﻬ ﹾﻞ َﻋ َ‬
‫َﻭﺗُ ﹶﻘﻄﱢﻌُﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ْﺭﺣَﺎ َﻣ ﹸﻜ ْﻢ‪] ‬ﳏﻤﺪ‪ .[٢٢ :‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﺳﺪﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻛﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻮﻗﻈﲔ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪» :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻛﻔﺎﻋﻠﻪ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺟﲑﺍﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﲔ )‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳًﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹺﺮﻛﹸﻮﺍ ﹺﺑ ِﻪ َﺷ ْﻴﺌﹰﺎ َﻭﺑﹺﺎﹾﻟﻮَﺍِﻟ َﺪْﻳ ﹺﻦ ﹺﺇ ْﺣﺴَﺎﻧًﺎ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭَﺍ ْﻋُﺒﺪُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ َﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺗُ ْ‬
‫‪ .[٣٦‬ﻓﻴﺪﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ‬
‫=‬
‫ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ" ﶈﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ٧٥٠٢/‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.٢٥٤٤/‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،٣٣٩٩/‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻹﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪:‬‬
‫»ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻒ ﰒ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻑ ﰒ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﱪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ«)‪ .(١‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻍ ﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻧﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻬﻧﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺟﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﻨﺖ ﺷﺒﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻬﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﻬﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﱪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼ ﻭﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﻣﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺮﻍ ﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺼﺼﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘًﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﺘًﺎ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻔﻮﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌًﺎ‪ :‬ﲰﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ‪ -‬ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ‪ -‬ﻋﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ َﺳﻬﱠﻞ ﻧﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﻠﺔ ﻟﻮﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻊ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﳝﻨﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﺘﺤﺮﺻﻲ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲰﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﻣﲔ ﺑﺄﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﺎﻣﻚ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻮﻑ ﲡﻨﲔ ﲦﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﺭﺷﺪﻱ ﻏﲑﻙ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٣٥١١/‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻃﻠﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ" ﻟﻸﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺟﻴﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ" ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺳﻜﺠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ‪] .‬ﺍﻃﻠﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ ﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺝ‪ ٢ ،١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨًﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻦُ ﹶﻗ ْﻮﻟﹰﺎ ِﻣﻤﱠ ْﻦ َﺩﻋَﺎ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َﻭ َﻋ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ  :‬ﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ ﹶﺃ ْﺣ َ‬
‫ﲔ‪] ‬ﻓﺼﻠﺖ‪ .[٣٣ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ َ‬
‫ﺻَﺎِﻟﺤًﺎ َﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹺﺇﻧﱠﻨﹺﻲ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻤُ ْ‬
‫ﺨ ْﻴ ﹺﺮ‪] ‬ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.[١٠٤ :‬‬ ‫‪َ ‬ﻭﹾﻟَﺘ ﹸﻜ ْﻦ ِﻣ ْﻨ ﹸﻜ ْﻢ ﹸﺃﻣﱠﺔﹲ َﻳ ْﺪﻋُﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺨﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺪﻯ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﺟﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻼﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﰒ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﺛﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ«)‪ .(١‬ﻓﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺟﺰﺀًﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻚ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦٢٣٤/‬‬

 ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﲟﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﺭﲪﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺛﲎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺷﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻬﻦ ﺑﺄﻬﻧﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻐﻴﺐ ﲟﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ ُﻬ ْﻢ‬‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﹶﺎ ْﺳَﺘﺠَﺎ َ‬
‫َﺭﺑﱡ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﹶﺃﻧﱢﻲ ﻟﹶﺎ ﹸﺃﺿِﻴ ُﻊ َﻋ َﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻋَﺎ ِﻣ ﹴﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ﹸﻜ ْﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ﹴﺮ ﹶﺃ ْﻭ ﹸﺃْﻧﺜﹶﻰ َﺑ ْﻌﻀُﻜﹸ ْﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﺾ‪] ‬ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.[١٥٩ :‬‬ ‫َﺑ ْﻌ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﲟﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﺯﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﷲ ﱄ ﻭﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻨﺌﺔ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺳﺎﺋ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﺃﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺯﻫﺮﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺭﺑًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺤﻤﺪ ‪ ‬ﻧﺒﻴًﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩًﺍ‪،‬‬‫ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺩﻳﻨًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﲢﺎﺫﺭ ﻏﻀﺐ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﺸﻰ ﺃﻟﻴﻢ ﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻐﺒﺔ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺸﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺸﻐﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺷﺎﻏﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﻬﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻠ ٍﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺗﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳊﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺸﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺳﺘﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﻜﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺻﺎﻬﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺗﺰﻛﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻳَﺎ ﹶﺃﻳﱡﻬَﺎ‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬

‫ﲔ َﻋ ﹶﻠ ْﻴ ﹺﻬﻦﱠ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
‫ﲔ ﻳُ ْﺪﹺﻧ َ‬
‫ﻚ َﻭﹺﻧﺴَﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﻤُ ْﺆ ِﻣﹺﻨ َ‬
‫ﻚ َﻭَﺑﻨَﺎِﺗ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱠﹺﺒﻲﱡ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ِﻟﹶﺄ ْﺯﻭَﺍ ﹺﺟ َ‬
‫َﺟﻠﹶﺎﺑﹺﻴﹺﺒ ﹺﻬﻦﱠ‪] ‬ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪.[٥٩ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﲢﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺘﻠﲔ ﻣﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺮﲪﻪ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺻﺤﻪ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﺻﻮﻬﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻐﻠﻆ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﲬﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻋﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺮﰊ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺿﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﺮﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮﻬﺑﻢ ﺣﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﻨﺒﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻭﺭﺫﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺴﻜﹸ ْﻢ َﻭﹶﺃ ْﻫﻠِﻴ ﹸﻜ ْﻢ ﻧَﺎﺭًﺍ َﻭﻗﹸﻮ ُﺩﻫَﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُ‬
‫‪‬ﻳَﺎ ﹶﺃﻳﱡﻬَﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻳ َﻦ َﺁ َﻣﻨُﻮﺍ ﻗﹸﻮﺍ ﹶﺃْﻧﻔﹸ َ‬
‫ﺤﺠَﺎ َﺭ ﹸﺓ َﻋ ﹶﻠ ْﻴﻬَﺎ َﻣﻠﹶﺎِﺋ ﹶﻜﺔﹲ ِﻏﻠﹶﺎﻅﹲ ِﺷﺪَﺍﺩٌ ﻟﹶﺎ َﻳ ْﻌﺼُﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ﻣَﺎ ﹶﺃ َﻣ َﺮﻫُ ْﻢ‬
‫ﻭَﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫َﻭَﻳ ﹾﻔ َﻌﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣَﺎ ُﻳ ْﺆ َﻣﺮُﻭ ﹶﻥ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪.[٦ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻻ ﲣﻠﻮ ﺑﺄﺟﻨﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﻤﺎ«)‪ .(٣‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻼ ﳏﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺒﺔ ﳏﺘﺸﻤﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﺘﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﺘﻴﺐ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻜﺴﺒﲔ ﺯﻭﺟﻚ ﺣﺒﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻱﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦٦١/‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪» :‬ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ«)‪ .(١‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺸﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺯﻳﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ«)‪ .(٣‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﺭﻬﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﺧﻮﺍﻬﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﳍﺎﺗﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺮﺹ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻘﺬ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﻬﺗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﺣﺪًﺍ ﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻷﻥ ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻚ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ«)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﲢﻔﻆ ﻗﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺫﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳋﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺭﺣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻴﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻭﻣﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٥١٠٠/‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻧﺼﺢ ﺃﺧﱵ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻳﺎﺀ" ﳋﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻃﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦١٤٩/‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬

‫ﺣﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ«)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﲢﻔﻆ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺰﻕ؛ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻐﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﳕﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﻻﻫﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺤﻴَﺎ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﺨﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺩِﻳَﻨ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﹶﻟ ِﻌﺒًﺎ َﻭﹶﻟ ْﻬﻮًﺍ َﻭ ﹶﻏﺮﱠْﺗﻬُﻢُ ﺍﹾﻟ َ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪َ  :‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻳ َﻦ ﺍﺗﱠ َ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﱡْﻧﻴَﺎ‪] ‬ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪ .[٧٠ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺿﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺃﻬﻧﻢ‬
‫ﺴ َﺮَﺗﻨَﺎ َﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣَﺎ ﹶﻓﺮﱠ ﹾﻃﻨَﺎ ﻓِﻴﻬَﺎ‪] ‬ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪.[٣١ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻳَﺎ َﺣ ْ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻫﺪ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﳌﺎ ﲢﺒﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﺿﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٩٣٥/‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺳًﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺎﺋﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﱐ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﺎﱀ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﳛﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺣﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻒ ﻬﺑﺎ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ  :‬ﻭﺗُﻮﺑُﻮﺍ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َﺟﻤِﻴﻌًﺎ ﹶﺃﻳﱡﻬَﺎ‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﻤُ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨُﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ َﻌﻠﱠﻜﹸ ْﻢ ُﺗ ﹾﻔ ِﻠﺤُﻮ ﹶﻥ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪.[٣١ :‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪:‬‬
‫»ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺗﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻠﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﳛﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻴﻖ ﺫﺭﻋًﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺮﻳﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻡ ﻭﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﱎ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻻﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٧٨٨١/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬

‫ﻓﻠﻴﺸﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﳉﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺰﻡ‬

‫ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﳏﻘﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺜﺮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻭﺑﺘﻪ ﻭﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﺫﻧﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺪﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻈﻤﻪ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻜﺴﻞ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳒﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺴﻞ ﻭﲬﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﺧﱵ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺣﻄﲔ ﻭﻋﲔ ﺟﺎﻟﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﻛﺴﻮﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﺃﻡ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﲑﺍﺕ؟‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻠﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﺪًﺍ‪،‬‬
 ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﺄﱂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﻃﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻬﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻠﻔﻄﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﻄﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺟﻼﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪َ  :‬ﻭ َﺟ َﻌ ﹾﻠﻨَﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ْﻴ ﹶﻞ ِﻟﺒَﺎﺳًﺎ * َﻭ َﺟ َﻌ ﹾﻠﻨَﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱠﻬَﺎ َﺭ َﻣﻌَﺎﺷًﺎ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺄ‪ .[١١ ،١٠ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻜﺴﻨﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻡ ﺣﱴ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﲡﻮﺍ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺗﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ؟‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻑ ﰲ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﳝﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺂﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻴﻘﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳋﻀﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﲑﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺒﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻔﻴﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺮﻣﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻃﻮﳍﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺤﻀﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺰﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺑﻼ‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬

‫ﻃﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﻑ ﻻ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺮﺍﻑ ﻻ ﺧﲑ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻣﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺗﺒﺬﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ‬
‫ﲔ‪] ‬ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ‪ .[٢٦ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻬﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻤَﺒﺬﱢﺭﹺﻳ َﻦ ﻛﹶﺎﻧُﻮﺍ ﹺﺇ ْﺧﻮَﺍ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﱠﻴَﺎ ِﻃ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﺮﻓﹸﻮﺍ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪َ  :‬ﻭﻛﹸﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﻭَﺍ ْﺷ َﺮﺑُﻮﺍ َﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺗُ ْ‬
‫]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‪.[٣١ :‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺳﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺗﺒﺬﻳﺮ ﳏﺮﻡ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ ﳏﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻳﻘﺎﺳﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳓﻦ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺒﺄ ﻬﺑﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﺳﻞ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺘﱪﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﳍﻢ ﲟﺎ ﲡﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﺧﻮﺓ ﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻬﺗﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺆﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺆﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺫﺍﻧﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺰﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﲰﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﻟﻶﺫﺍﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﺃﻣﻴﻨًﺎ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ)‪(١‬ﺳﺌﻞ ﲰﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﲰﻊ ﺃﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ؟‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺴﻚ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﲰﺎﺣﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻟﻪ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻛﺮﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄْﺑَﻴﺾُ‬
‫ﺨ ْﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪َ  :‬ﻭﻛﹸﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﻭَﺍ ْﺷ َﺮﺑُﻮﺍ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻳَﺘَﺒﻴﱠ َﻦ ﹶﻟﻜﹸﻢُ ﺍﹾﻟ َ‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ ﹸﺛﻢﱠ ﹶﺃِﺗﻤﱡﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﱢﻴَﺎ َﻡ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ْﻴ ﹺﻞ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ْﺳ َﻮ ِﺩ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ْ‬
‫ﺨ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ َ‬
‫‪.[١٨٧‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺴﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮﻩ ﻟﻮ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻄﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﳝﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺩ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪» :‬ﺩﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺒﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺒﻚ«)‪ .(٢‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ )‪ (١٠٤١‬ﲰﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٣٣٧٧/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ«)‪ .(١‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﺆﺍﻝ )‪ (٢‬ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻟﺴﻤﺎﺣﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ  :‬ﻭﻛﹸﻠﹸﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ْﺳ َﻮ ِﺩ ِﻣ َﻦ‬
‫ﺨ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄْﺑَﻴﺾُ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ َ‬
‫ﺨ ْﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﻭَﺍ ْﺷ َﺮﺑُﻮﺍ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻳَﺘَﺒﻴﱠ َﻦ ﹶﻟﻜﹸﻢُ ﺍﹾﻟ َ‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[١٨٧ :‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ْ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﺳﺤﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﺏ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻔﺠﺮ ﺑﺮﺑﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ؟‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﲰﺎﺣﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ﹰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻫﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﺷﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳝﺴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻔﻮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﺪﺍﻫﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﲟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﲟﺎ ﳝﺴﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﺍﺯﻳﺮ )ﻓﻮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺴﻰ ﺗﻼﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻼ ﻓﻮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻳﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﻭﲰﺎﻉ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺮﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ )‪ (٧٥٣‬ﲰﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﻼﺕ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻀﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﲟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﱴ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻭﻗﺘًﺎ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻗﺼﲑ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘﺼﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻔﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺩﻗـﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺛـﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺩﻓﻊ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﺗـﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﺑﻼ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻧﺸﻐﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﺻﻄﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻀﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺗﺼﻄﺤﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻃﻔﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧًﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﻐﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒﺘﻬﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺤﺬﺭ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻃﻔﻞ ﺭﺿﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠﺪﺕ ﻟﺘﻀﻌﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺤﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﻜﺎﺀﻩ ﻭﺗﺸﻮﻳﺸﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ ﺗﻔﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻬﺗﺎ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻲ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻬﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﻬﺗﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲟﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‬
‫ﲝﺠﺔ ﺃﻬﻧﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺳﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺷﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺳﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ؛ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﻣﱴ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺃﻥ ﲣﱪ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻡ ﲟﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻟﻸﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺍﳋﻠﻮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻈﻢ ﺿﺮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻘﲔ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﳜﻄﺐ‬
 ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻻ ﳜﻠﻮﻥ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺫﻭ ﳏﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻱ ﳏﺮﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﰐ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱐ ﺍﻛﺘﺘﺒﺖ ﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻚ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻫﺪﺍﻫﻦ ﺍﷲ ﳛﻀﺮﻥ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﻣﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﺑﺘﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺭﻛﺒﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﻦ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﳐﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﳏﺮﻡ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻬﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﲑ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ ﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﺕ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻴﺐ ﳍﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﻻ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺨﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺪﺛﻦ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﺸًﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﰱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬

‫ﻫﻦ ﺟﺌﻦ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﻭﻹﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﳘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺣﻀﺮﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺬﺭﻥ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﰐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﰱ ﻣﻊ ﺁﺩﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﰐ ﳛﻀﺮﻥ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻄﺮﺕ ﻭﲡﻤﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﺰﻑ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﺳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪» :‬ﺃﳝﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻄﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻟﻴﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﺭﳛﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺔ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﻔﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﱪﺟﺔ ﺑﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٢‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ ﺟﺌﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮﻥ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻳﺴﺮﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺣﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻟﺘﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،٢٧١/‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻦ‬

‫ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻦ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٣‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﲤﺘﻠﺊ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺑﺄﻓﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﺘﻆ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺯﺣﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺘﻤﻸ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺍﳔﺪﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺩﻳﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺓ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳜﺮﺝ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﺵ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺷﺮﺍﺀﻩ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﻑ ﻻ ﻣﱪﺭ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻼ ﺗﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻼ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻻ ﻣﱪﺭ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻭﳏﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺂﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻟﺸﺪ ﺍﳌﺌﺰﺭ ﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻸﺧﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺮﺹ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴُﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ »ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ«‪.‬‬

 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑًﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻚ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﳌﺮﺿﺎﺓ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺣﺮﺻﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺮ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﱄ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪» :‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ ﺫﻧﻮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺢ ﱄ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﲪﺘﻚ«‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪» :‬ﺑﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ ﺫﻧﻮﰊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻚ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﻒ ﺣﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻛﺜﲑًﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻟﺘﺴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻴﺨﺎﻟﻔﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺑﲔ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻜﻢ«‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪» :‬ﺃﻗﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺫﻭﺍ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﺬﺭﻭﺍ ﻓﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﷲ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﻒ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻨﻔﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺗﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﻼﺓ ﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ‬
‫ﲤﺎﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺃﺧﱵ ﰲ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻼ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﺕ ﻫﺪﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻫﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺷﺮﻉ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻳﻄﻠﻦ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻬﻧﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﺧﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻌﻲ ﺍﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺿﻌﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫»ﻭﻟﻴﺨﺮﺟﻦ ﺗﻔﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻄﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻛﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﲤﺲ ﻃﻴﺒًﺎ« ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪:‬‬
‫»ﺃﳝﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﲞﻮﺭًﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ«‪.‬‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌًﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺧﲑ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻦ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺧﲑ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻦ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻛﺸﺮﺍﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻤﺎﺵ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﳜﺮﺟﻦ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻦ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳜﺮﺟﻦ ﲝﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺧﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﺮﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺜﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﺻﺎﳊﹰﺎ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﺳﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺗﻘﲔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲣﻠﻄﻦ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺁﺟﺮ ﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ؟‬
‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲤﻨﻊ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻬﻧﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻭﻻ ﲤﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﻨﻌﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻓﺄﻃﻴﻌﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻌﻚ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٧٤٥٧/‬‬
 ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪» :‬ﻭﺑﻴﻮﻬﺗﻦ ﺧﲑ‬

‫ﳍﻦ«(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻬﺗﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﲝﺠﻪ ﺃﻬﻧﻦ ﺻﻐﲑﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺬﻭﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﶈﺬﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ ﳑﻦ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺳﻦ ﺍﶈﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ؛ ﻷﻬﻧﺎ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲝﺠﺔ ﺃﻬﻧﺎ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﳍﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻲﺀ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﻮﻕ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺘﻮﻯ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺳﺌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ ﻣﱴ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﺑﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺈﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺸﻦ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺈﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﲏ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﱴ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻟﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻗﺪ ﲢﻴﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﺴﺎﻫﻞ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻈﻨﻮﻬﻧﺎ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻮﻬﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ )‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ‪ /‬ﺹ‪.٩-٤‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﳊﺮﺝ ﰲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺳﺌﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ؟‬
‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺤﻞ ﻭﻗﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﻘﻄﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮﻩ()‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﳊﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺬﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺤﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺬﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺇﻓﺴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺮﺝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺘﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪) :‬ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻄﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ(‪ .‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﻯ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺏ‪/‬ﺹ‪.٤٦‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻮﻗﻪ ﲰﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺤﻮﻯ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻛﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ َﺗ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻞ ﹶﻟ ُﻬﻤَﺎ‬
‫ﹸﺃﻑﱟ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺮﱘ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳًﺎ‬
‫ﳌﻨﻄﻮﻗﻪ ﲰﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻇﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻳ َﻦ َﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ْﻣﻮَﺍ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟَﻴﺘَﺎﻣَﻰ‬
‫ﹸﻇ ﹾﻠﻤًﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﺣﺮﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳًﺎ ﻟﻸﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﻭﺗﻄﻌﻤﻪ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺯﺩﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻳﺼﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻄﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺬﻭﻕ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺋﻢ؟‬
‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﲟﺎ ﻧﺼﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺬﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻌﺮﻑ ﺣﻼﻭﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﻠﻮﺣﺘﻪ ﻭﺿﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺘﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﻞ ﳝﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﳜﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﻬﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪» :‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ ﻓﺼﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻜﻢ ﻓﺄﲤﻮﺍ«‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪» :‬ﻓﺎﻗﻀﻮﺍ« ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﰒ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻻﺯﺩﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻼﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ‪ ٣٠٨/١‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﻛﺴﻤﻊ ﺑﻠﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺯﺩﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ‪.١٥٤-١٥٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺹ‪.١٦/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬

‫ﻭﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺗﺘﻢ ﳍﺎ ﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﻃﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻦ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲤﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﳍﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﰒ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪) :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﲨﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ)‪.((٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﲰﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫ﰲ )ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ( ﺹ‪ :١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ‪ ٥٣٩/٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪) :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ‪/‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.(٣١-٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ‪.٢٥٨/١‬‬
 ‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﲟﺎ ﻧﺼﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﲢﺞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ؟‬
‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﲢﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻞ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﺆﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻠﺖ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﻭﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺣﻠﺖ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﳏﻤﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺣﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻬﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪﻩ ﻧﻔﺎﺳًﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺻﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺣﺠﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ ﳎﻴﺒًﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪) :‬ﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻒ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ )ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ( ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ /‬ﺹ‪.١٥-١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‪ /‬ﺹ‪.٤٤-٤٣‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺣﺪ ﻷﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ ﻓﻤﻦ‬

‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻃﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﲢﻞ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﻭﲤﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻻ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪) :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ()‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﲤﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﲝﺠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﱂ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﲤﺴﻚ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ‪/‬ﺹ‪.٣٤‬‬
 ‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺻﻮﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪) :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺑﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ؛‬
‫ﻷﻬﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻨﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺼﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻛﺎﳉﻨﺐ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺟﻨﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﻉ ﻏﲑ ﺍﺣﺘﻼﻡ ﰒ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﰲ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪] .‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ ﻓﺈﻬﻧﻦ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻠﻦ ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻠﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻓﺈﺫ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺩﻣﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﻮﻕ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺘﻮﻯ ﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ ﺹ‪.١٧/‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﳎﺎﻟﺲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺹ‪.٣٦/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬

‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ؟‬
‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﲟﺎ ﻧﺼﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﰒ ﻃﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﱂ ﳛﺪ ﺣﺪًﺍ ﻣﻌﻴﻨًﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺾ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﻫُ َﻮ‬
‫ﻚ َﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ َﻤﺤِﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﻟﹸﻮَﻧ َ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ  :‬ﻭَﻳ ْ‬
‫ﹶﺃﺫﹰﻯ‪ ‬ﻓﻤﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻗﻴًﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﳍﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﰒ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻧﺎﻗﺼًﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩًﺍ ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺯﺍﺋﺪًﺍ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻗﺼًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻠﻲ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺹ‪.٢٣/‬‬

 ‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺗﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ ﻓﺘﺮﺕ ﻭﻛﺴﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳋﲑ ‪ -‬ﻭﷲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ – ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﺄﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪» :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﺣﻲ ﻛﺮﱘ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺴﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﲑﺩﳘﺎ ﺻﻔﺮًﺍ«)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺁﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺑﺈﰒ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﻴﻌﺔ ﺭﺣﻢ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺠﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﺐ‬
‫ﱄ«)‪ .(٣‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﳒﻰ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﺩﻣﻲ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﷲ«)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪» :‬ﻷﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٣٤٠٧/‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٢٠٧٠/‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٥٦٣٧/‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٥٦٤٤/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﳑﺎ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ«‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪» :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﻮﺭ ﺷﻄﺮ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﲤﻸ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﲤﻸﻥ ﺃﻭ ﲤﻸ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺴﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﺴﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳛﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺔ«)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﺪﻳﺮ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﻗﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﺯًﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﳝﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﳑﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ«)‪ .(٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﲝﻤﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺣﻄﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺯﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ«)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٣٩٥٧/‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٢٦٦٥/‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦٤٣٧/‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦٤٣١/‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻋﺸﺮًﺍ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﺛﲎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲢﺮﻣﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺧﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪» :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺑﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺗﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻌﺪﻝ ﲤﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻃﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻳﺮﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﰊ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﻠﻮﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﻞ«)‪ .(٤‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻦ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻜﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺜﺮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻔﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﲑ«‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦٣٥٨/‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٧٨٨١/‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻮ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦١٥٢/‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٧٩٨٠/‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀًﺎ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﲔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪» :‬ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺮ«)‪ (١‬ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﺴﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪» :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺤًﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﻤًﺎ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺧﲑ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﺭﲪﻪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ )‪ (٧٠٥-٦١٣‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪) :‬ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﺢ ﰲ ﺛﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ(‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪) :‬ﺛﻮﺍﺏ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﳐﺘﺼﺮًﺍ( ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﲪﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪) :‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪» :‬ﻻ ﲤﻨﻌﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺎﺀﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻮﻬﺗﻦ ﺧﲑ ﳍﻦ«)‪ .(٣‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻬﻧﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻬﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ«)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺻﻼﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٣٤٣٦/‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٧٩٩/‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٧٤٥٨/‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻭﺇﱃ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٦٦٩٠/‬‬
 ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﻬﺗﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﳐﺪﻋﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ«)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﺼﻼﻬﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﺍﻹﻃﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﲪﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻵﰐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﳑﺸﺎﻩ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺧﻄﺎﻩ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺃﺟﺮﻩ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﳑﺸﺎﻫﺎ ﻗﻞ ﺃﺟﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﲪﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﲪﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪﻱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻬﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻌﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻧﻚ ﲢﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﺧﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﺗﻚ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ‬
‫ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭﻙ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻗﻮﻣﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻗﻮﻣﻚ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮﺕ ﻓﺒﲏ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻇﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ«)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺟﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﻬﺗﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﳜﺮﺟﻦ ﻣﺘﺒﺬﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻠﻔﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺴﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ )ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ( ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻫـ‪ .‬ﺃﻱ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪.٣٨٣٣/‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻜﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻼﻬﺗﻦ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻮﻬﺗﻦ ﺧﲑ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻇﻨﻚ ﲟﻦ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﺘﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﻬﺮﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻻﺑﺴﺔ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺛﻴﺎﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﳌﻨﻌﻬﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻇﻨﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺭﺃﺕ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ()‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﺴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺃﻧﺸﻂ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺧﲑ ﻛﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻋﻆ ﻭﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺬﻫﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺖ ﺑﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺎﻣًﺎ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺹ‪.٨٨-٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﱃ‪» .‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ«‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ )ﻛﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ( ﻟﻸﺥ‪ /‬ﻓﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﻬﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎﻧﲔ ﳏﻞ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻓﱴ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻹﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﲏ ﱂ ﺃﻗﺾ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﻮﺗﲏ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺀﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻱ ‪ -‬ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻨﻚ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺄﻟﲔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ‪‬ﻟﹶﺎ ﻳُ ﹶﻜﻠﱢﻒُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﻧ ﹾﻔﺴًﺎ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ُﻭ ْﺳ َﻌﻬَﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﲢﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺎﻃﻲ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﻏﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺃﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻏﻲ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﲏ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ‬

‫ﻭﱂ ﺃﺻﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﺬﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻬ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﲏ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﲏ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﺗﺼﻮﻣﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻘﲑﺓ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻞ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ؟ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻠﺖ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻗﻮﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻠﺖ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﻭﺻﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻠﺖ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻡ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻻ ﺗﺪﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻞ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﲟﺎ ﳜﻔﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻦ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﻬﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻋﲏ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ‬
 ‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﲢﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺧﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﰒ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﺎﻣًﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﻬﺗﺎ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻓﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣًﺎ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﺃﻛﻤﻠﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻫﻲ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻗﻮﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪،‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٥٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ‪ -‬ﺩﻡ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﺰﻭﺟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪﻩ ﺣﻴﻀًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺯ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﰲ ﻬﻧﺎﺭ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺗﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‪  :‬ﹶﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ْﻨ ﹸﻜ ْﻢ َﻣﺮﹺﻳﻀًﺎ ﹶﺃ ْﻭ َﻋﻠﹶﻰ َﺳ ﹶﻔ ﹴﺮ ﹶﻓ ِﻌﺪﱠﺓﹲ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﹶﺃﻳﱠﺎ ﹴﻡ‬
‫ﺃﹸ َﺧ َﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺬﺭﳘﺎ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺯ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺇﳛﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻐﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻱ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳋﻮﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺿﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﰒ ﲪﻠﺖ ﻭﺃﳒﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻉ ﻧﻘﻮﺩًﺍ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻄﺮﻬﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ؛ ﻷﻬﻧﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ‬
 ‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﺿﻊ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﻮﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺒﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺘﺤﺮﺹ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳛﺼﻞ ﳍﺎ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﱐ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺤﻞ ﻭﻛﻘﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻟﻘﻄﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺻﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲢﻨﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺟﺴﻢ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻤﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺣﺒﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ – ﺍﳊﻴﺾ – ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٥٤‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﻨﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺿﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ«‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﻯ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﻤﺘﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺗﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﲤﺴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻴﻤﲔ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ )‪ (٢٥‬ﻋﺎﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺻﻐﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﻤﺮﻱ )‪ (٢١‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﱂ ﺃﺻﻢ ﻭﱂ ﺃﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﻳﻨﺼﺤﺎﻧﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﺃﺑﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ‬‫ﺗﻜﺎﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤًﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻫﺪﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺃﺻﻮﻡ ﻭﻧﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻖ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻬﺗﺪﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻛﺜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻉ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺩﰐ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺩﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻌﺠﻠﻲ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ‬
 ‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺭ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺃﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﺻﻮﻡ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻛﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻣًﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﻳًﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺪﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻣًﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﻳًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺩﻡ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺩﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﳓﻮ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺮﺝ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﰐ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ‪ ٩‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺟﺪًﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﺪﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻡ ﻋﺮﻕ ﻻ ﳛﺴﺐ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻻ‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٥٦‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﻻ ﲤﺲ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﻏﺘﺴﻠﺖ ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﺃﺕ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺪﺭﺓ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﺎ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺻﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺃﺣﺪًﺍ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺛﺔ ‪ ٨‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﻞ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﻄﺄﺕ ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳓﻮ ﺻﺎﻋﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﳌﺴﻜﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٣٨٢‬ﻫـ ﻟﻌﺬﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺇﺭﺿﺎﻉ ﻃﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ‪٢٤‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﺾ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﻻ‬
‫ﻬﺗﺎﻭﻧًﺎ ﻭﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﺪ ﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﺇﻓﺎﺩﺗﻨﺎ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﻓﺘﺼﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﹰﺎ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
 ‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻛﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺯ‬

‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﺟﺮﺍﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻬﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﻟﻌﺬﺭ ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻮﺭًﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ ﻟﻐﲑ‬
‫ﻋﺬﺭ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ‪ ١٧‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺆﺍﱄ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻲ ﱂ ﺃﺻﻢ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻚ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﱪﻳﻦ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺟﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺩﻡ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﻔﺎﺳﻬﺎ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﻡ ﺣﻴﺾ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺎﳌﺨﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﺑﻞ ﺩﻡ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﳓﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻡ ﻧﻔﺎﺱ ﺗﺪﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﰒ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻗﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ[‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬

‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﺻﻴﺒﺖ ﲟﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﺎﱐ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬

‫ﺃﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻓﻬﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻗﺪﺭﻬﺗﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﻬﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ  :‬ﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ َﻣﺮﹺﻳﻀًﺎ ﹶﺃ ْﻭ َﻋﻠﹶﻰ َﺳ ﹶﻔ ﹴﺮ ﹶﻓ ِﻌﺪﱠﺓﹲ‬
‫ﺴ َﺮ َﻭِﻟﺘُ ﹾﻜ ِﻤﻠﹸﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺴ َﺮ َﻭﻟﹶﺎ ُﻳﺮﹺﻳ ُﺪ ﹺﺑﻜﹸﻢُ ﺍﹾﻟ ُﻌ ْ‬
‫ِﻣ ْﻦ ﹶﺃﻳﱠﺎ ﹴﻡ ﺃﹸ َﺧ َﺮ ُﻳﺮﹺﻳ ُﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ ﹺﺑﻜﹸﻢُ ﺍﹾﻟُﻴ ْ‬
‫ﺸ ﹸﻜﺮُﻭ ﹶﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌﺪﱠ ﹶﺓ َﻭِﻟﺘُ ﹶﻜﺒﱢﺮُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ َﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣَﺎ َﻫﺪَﺍ ﹸﻛ ْﻢ َﻭﹶﻟ َﻌﻠﱠﻜﹸ ْﻢ َﺗ ْ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺠﺰﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﺯﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺃﻃﻌﻤﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨًﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﲤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻮﻬﺗﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﳚﻬﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻞ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﺗﻄﻌﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻄﻌﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﺗﻄﻌﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺄﻬﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﳜﺸﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻀﺮﻩ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫‪َ ‬ﻭ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ َﻣﺮﹺﻳﻀًﺎ ﹶﺃ ْﻭ َﻋﻠﹶﻰ َﺳ ﹶﻔ ﹴﺮ ﹶﻓ ِﻌﺪﱠﺓﹲ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﹶﺃﻳﱠﺎ ﹴﻡ ﺃﹸ َﺧ َﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺖ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺮﺿﻌﻪ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﺎﻣًﺎ ﻭﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺼﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺧﺸﻦ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﺎﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻞ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ[‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺎﻣًﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﻬﺗﺎ؟‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﳍﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ ﻭﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣًﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﻬﺗﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪] .‬ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ[‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪٥ ......................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪٧ .............................................‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ ‪١١......................................‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﲟﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪١٧.......................‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ‪٢١.......................................‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ‪٢١......................‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻜﺴﻞ ‪٢٢........................‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ‪٢٢...........................‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻑ ﰲ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ ‪٢٣.........................‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ‪٢٤.......................‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻔﻮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪٢٦.....................‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﺻﻄﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠﺪ ‪٢٧...............‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ ﺗﻔﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻬﺗﺎ ‪٢٨....................................‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺍﳋﻠﻮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ ‪٢٨.................................‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ‪٢٩.......................‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ‪٣٠...................‬‬
‫‪ -١٢‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ‪٣٠.................‬‬
‫‪ -١٣‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ‪٣١.......................‬‬
 ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪٣٤...............................‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ‪٣٤...........‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪٣٥..........................‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﳊﺮﺝ ﰲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ‪٣٦..................‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﳊﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺬﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ‪٣٦...........................‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ‪٣٧.....................‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻃﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ‪٣٨....................................................‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ‪٤٠.................‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ‪٤١...........‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪٤٣....................................‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﻬﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪٥٠.........................................‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪٦١...............................‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ‬