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    68 views115 pages

    Tpbo Class Notes Part-1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Kalyan Kumar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 115
    = Eng weernlg Drawtinlg TS 6963 1912 ; Denning Toons. Re Deeawing Sueer ~~ Evsendial fools Gwe which © vequeed Com paalser jor drawing foe oe ere heel, Penck, Freee . Seale | fuore ave 2 Some Poriitulon 100 ah Dawing eck sere 4 tue wetrdied ag - ~z The — paper wich — is lw we marke [ 's grovel nomed dor~ AG AAs = Avex 1 Ao paper % Im — wt fod the ao paper dong tue longer = ide then we will ae A, wh is OS ep if we oll same we wid! gef Ao = pth & O25m™ and $0 on te precon undill = Ay 7 Aspect ReSio: Sf Hp taae Tene One Aspect Redkio and if we print ton aanoter = Paper Se 2» thee wi he no Chonge in the Drasing’ - Aspect Redo should be lives maintined V2. — eh: a tb : a ae 3 Rk -) dane ! é 1 = We lan Cannot al Size Cres) 4 Pat Double | | | \ & | Pa AzonaT | Fig ere : er }_____ t | Ip} 594x420 Deawting SHEET Designation | takeimmedd Sie | (im) | “50x 1230 Ao Bai x BF | Ay 54x Bl 625x880 Ap 420 KS 450% 629 A3 RAT x20 320x 450 Ay 210 KAT 240 x 380 As 48 ¥210 eee jad & piper unfill ly 1 times and fold moe than thal each — Serr'eo Aen fo = 2X Arta of A, Aveo. oh Ay= 2X Area Ay LIPPPPPYIVA®emaane___ min. Width of, Totem Marl: noe br Ao and Ki a fr Pansy» Ay a Trrmering Male metric Reference graduation Centre <2) a ng SPACE Mare Oren Drow» Chee ~ fall THe THe | Block a D vy Block |. Per BlS ode rai eae ee Se eee | {GGomK 65m idl Re y 15xmx San R Gri ference Bode me ~1 Orierdafin Mork achally reproatnks the Cone Line. So forall woe have, 24 Onenhfion Mores. a7 4 we = want to Reafion a speech climension of material — then we tl draw a Symbol «dimension and = we Fepresenf it cleanly no hegead fon. _ mM mag 7 Full Tile block as per BIS Cocleo is we 7 Rul Sprerat te fille block we we A 5em x 50m for A Shee me bick is q wo HYp> | ate b Revision Tilte block clack if Specfer fie “e Avclifect mane Who has dme the revisions a ave cme ancl (85mmxX 65mm. will we ancl how yew Ss what __revisio ave ore - “TR. Tile block ta which we jal cet lunow the om jprmation oh fue draniny a Krample of egendl box: Nalurad sur fpce | Sale ted pao Divecfien Oy Pern | [Sita ee fe ee ot not Wd tee drewin sleet rz Thee cre to metcds 1.2 — l gheef the fille block on ee wt Tp +o recogni xe the he hong Sheef ecailey Mine two final Shes ‘Of the — Paper. I 210 x agt Commonly ae (Aa one) 2 2491 K 140 @ Drawin &leel from the the Lengtt wise we need Sheet info equal pars if 7 ble need +o joel th Title block allong fo divide = the dvawing Is oh Gig) and — then fo ee PRILLELIFIFVIPFVSLPKPILRKARIALISIL LE ~ Seeeee eae eeeeeeaeraeeeeee ae eee ~Y Similor Verkall we need fo divide the i) S Cr awwiag cheet 297) prom fle block side ~~ Fist we need 40 jold bgt antl then we UL gel the fille ‘hen | block af the “ep: 5) be folding the dirsing BIg SP 4612003 cheet the Bis code 7 Mier folding bottom most vi (svner agit Should not be lew then 0mm: mo A ise or Number of fading is 2 (eng wi 2 Denuing Bonrp - Ob ts wade of well steaned 7 The ‘bp Surfale h Ine Dew bollora 15 oh ‘sp! hlood * Boud 1$ Gtr ips. Smoot — gaere aa the 7 40 avoid the couwpin4 } thet Mrips we we Battom both ‘the gitleo: “T BecHens ave wed 0 proved cou ping opens! ; Term porate Chngeo \ J The Strips ve joo wrth a ee 6 groove fore | TEI ki vided on We ‘ cot tnde the ‘t a nah baed oo With 5 a 7 d : wed fo Check veh the Daal prow #8 Stroigat and ifs also wed for eect slilig 7 i TE Square. a 7 Elony is abuae © fue dept side Arcood a 7 Elony @ une Kdge mace up * Haw word 4 Matatained slope (e 7 az Drawing Board Conparend: a Bottom Strips 2 klorking Surface 3. Dactews 4. kbony kdlge 5 4 attach the dvausirg Sheek 10 board we use 7 Pir > Clips 7 Tape. 4 Ebon @ "eel “x F Pt h nN OF io \ Drawing Board Designat “Leng Hts Recormended | Names 0 Board lb Cn) Ho Pe on BE cote De [Bp | 1500x!000%25) Ao | Anfi-Cuorian | | 101 [eu toooxt00X25 | Ar — | Double lephtck | | [Ds [eps| 100500715 Ar | Smperiel Isles 00x 500x15] As — | Hall Ginpertal —1 Dp and Di Areaning Oh ices Dy is used Stuclends purpose. 3° Retews “T Dencils ave vepreaesled bg wd Symools: Hoy Hard 2. B77 Black ~y Horler the pencil Lighleor ‘he shade puile Soper the pencil deter the shade. T Drawing Pencils ane made i chifferent grad Hard qH gH TH 6H SH 4H T the hard leacls Me ued her (ons buch feclinical drtovings jon ines mo Mosiues 3H 2H HF HR @ “The medivn grade cre used ph general ue om Heclunical — Ariwoiags- The bedler grader ane pm in Strudinet chraanings and te Soyer ae tines, Kage, and! hooundary Lines sketching. For wisible Out Conahruction [ine Dimensions, Leatler, hy Foukte 00, Hot Ching Heal H pencil: Qi pencil « Exdersio , Lines CETITIIUUC LETT TCCT TZ VECt ub ey ee | 20 3%) 4B 5B 6B 18 6B 1 ~y Sol fends ave usel — por teclenical Sleel Can and ‘alwak bul one foo SAH inbr curh nk clr wo a he HB tts medium So}t cond Clberk the HB qa tle pencil sedi } oy in (olow, whereas, IH, 2u grade pencils haw Gigut in black Colour HR penal & a tamtoinadion of Harel and (lacenen also used os Slandord — pencils hor free hancl lr caving and we mos tly available in fhe market. ts ajo Finer ov Minute ~ F- fine Pencil tue) Brtawing detailings *" Crdar Dp Ali Vay (yeu 1H 6H 5H AH 3H 2H HF He B20 36 4B Hard 5B 6B 18 8B 18 A quae we FH perce ond 10 pencils Sh -ythe F and HQ pool we the mitlelle Hand = BB pencils. Sharpening : ' Chisle 60 Weds Poink ~ see! jo dressing Steeight linen 2 Conical Tonk used for Free hind desing Htelering, Dimersien 3 Calindrical Point - Used! Jor shecing 4 Pyevel Point - Usedl por Compa dloading y | j | | ! Te i wf fl yy a — ff: = emer . Conca! Point cylin Cylindrical Print = Gn Chisted font lok angle is wed for Shablirg ond sheep ede js wed for details andl fines. sharp te léd Jip. ~ Sond paper i used fo Zs the orotssedion % The penal fs Hexagon and the pli te mide is in ogtindta Shape: to ge fle proper grips 4. Epnser SHIELD: + 1o rub a drewving in Eracer cuieldl. a pertialeur Shape ‘fen we use 5 FRency Curves: KENCH CURDS Free Hume! Curvido in our Cesivedd be cwsecl ac fo drew iretqule @ bELZTLITFIEEL a Cole at Can me 7 Flexible Curve: 10 drtws | ) we Use plexible Guile - So draw any cute 8 an Sige oh shindlird > Size of CHindard SIP d bile ~7 French Cowe ave Ttenthe tue %S nol 6- T= Square: af fo dyuo T - Sqpane “7 Componerds sh TSquawe I WAlorluing € Biadd “ J Stock (an hese dae, porpendiculer 7 \ que stock slidleo over the Ebony © Nerery edge oh the dr tnsing bourd: UTNE L T Ser Seunves o Ihey lme 0s G SCe bh tee: J \ . Zh, o \ 7 Sef Squcees have tings 4 oe 30°, 45°, 60°, 90- {> ~TPRy addlikon or Sulotracton 4 ay oy Ihe above ang leo ott Ae holt {he Set Sqparts oe a Can dit — Olnor Cingleo also beet, 15% 108°, 120°. etc. : = by gngle Set Square we an only drw 30) 45° 60°, qo’. o rinle need to Check ia genpitetion fe00 (qiiireo “por the posible Grn éo an: & Peorenctor ~7 40 measwe Gn glen we use Protrettors. “1 thee we op wo ty pes: I Hodh - crtle Protractor 2 Full - dircle Potractr. 1 Gn absence of Potractor we me dcale g Chords 0 — mecouwe cong len 4: Caro Roary Scnues 7 Curd Roord Scolo me of 3 num bers ~y Cond Poca scaler Ce twecl hor Slandard Stale Conversions. + Ke have g Standard Staleo Maw ke her cliffer enf Con Orsi in avai lable lo. Mint Dearter: J Mini Drafter can be ued per oF fngitlar Ate Meauemerk of above nll > instramenfs at one bLintar “Casturemert.. ~ Ut is & Combinadion SObOBEOCCEETIIOET 5 wo || Compass. & Divine « ee —7 Compaw is used 10 4, Arcs radius a1 Divider: To, drtwe trans er climension hyor one place 40 another place —p fa ef in ‘Aleread 2S en, tn linear and +f0 — clivitle to cbiphererd x Teele cho. or Cicchen Of porrtituler SEE FEO = we Different — type 4 Compam: : I Aewte Bow - To draw Circle < 200mm 2: Spring Bow -To draw cicle < 25mm alli % Drop Bow To driw verq small ‘cicle 4 dong fatning ie above or Gr eecler than 200mm, x & YWYY he Spenene: ~7 Sten} is used rdw Sie ancl shape Alpha. bols ancl Nuunboers of A ppropriale Gothic Style Letfecing. T Gencl is used to draw And — Cannot tured — for Single chole Lelless. 13° Roce -N-Deast! mr Rone Dros i used mainly dbrteo Parallel — ineo Vor jeal oly elective dislan tea. eT Oh (an oo be wed pk ELE ancl angele M Cos uremends- Lettering Ano Noumeering NG AD Nuree ? ? 7 hells ave gh v0 4epeo Upper Gae sets Rarer et eet Cine betters 1 7 Ports oh Letter ave | Stem 2: Foot 69 Tasl 1 7 Moat oh TE Upper Coot lellers have stem and! 1 ater lower part os called Foote" Heal. Sten oe fen Foot © Tol 7 The thickaes q the, letter is identi pied by the Stem op the letter ind we need to meointain Some drawing ber tue letters. thichne orougaout the 7 iy te tuidinew is mosateined — Uniformly throughout te lettering then ik fs Called “Gpttic LeHeing antl — this ‘type of lettering Cannot De cle in Sin Grohe fod we need to Shacle tue Space lub it most Ipok like Shale Stoke —letFeriny » T Aneo reli ebly - & a cingle Stroke lou prock a i a double stoke. ~T Generally we use Goltuc Ste of Lelong Romiin Sigle Cher pore of tet ave Lerllering hich — 0 clon'F cue and Free Hand Ledloving Pc whith §— we dongle ny ind Hunter, “Tan kower Cee letlens moos ly a aonot have Stem: Sem. bal Some will — have ry G| the tSlem Uprosrcls Ais called Astenders eu: bd, ht 1 the Shem 8 docon wards eg Pet 7 Letlers ave heigl, owe dleoigraded by Leight of due Capital letters. =z Small” Tettors height ave willy they Small letters — onal have Sepende a ts Called Descenclors taleen 04 Dh and hagie- “T Single Sto ke lettering clepen 4, Tip- ds Upon tue thicenes LIPPPPPYVP Daa manne RRR EPPO PPE ee eee eee ee Inclined — heflers: letlors ave jochined af an angle 15° Jo bisrigontal. Bot 4 por Is Code 615-15. ~Y An Clineol with respect it & eractly 7 Wily veopect to vetted fF is inclined ab an Angle 15° fourwels Rpt sidle. 15 |M / [X® Mein tikleo —ehilh Gre lager fliin 2mm we we Gotuic Style ketter'n4 =r Stem ticknen OG Gott lettering ove bol ™ 4 here. rf Sign: Main fitle ~ Sub title — 3-6 mm Notes, Dimensiorm - 3-4 mm {0-!2mm Fotloung fpe of leering stem is used in the Ca Sheek : I Single Stroke Capitol feflevs also known Os Cositel Upper ne Letters 2. Sid Sroke Capit 3 Double Shoke Capital lectors. A: Dowole Shoke inclined Capital letters 5: Small verdical lower aoe leters: 6 Small tnClined — lower (aoe letters. incline letters. lencs Used : ' Guide tines ~ 3H 69 4H 2. Arrow Head, Constructon “fines - 24 3 sible _ Heddlen fino ~~ - dy the eters '8 wally kept as [pllows: Title block and leer doling «thy 0 & Imm, 7 Det plane 4, Tite oh chrtaing 1 Sub Tite — neackings Should be 1 Notes Such 04 Loyerels | sclucluler _mafedla fist, ancl climensio howl be 9,4 ov Simm 77 AMeredion onkiw avd tue ‘tolerance élould be Q 0 Bm: nunher, (9 section should be 81 Swould 0 6 Sm. 4, 4,5 oF bmn. Thee owe two Standtnd vedios ho tee fine Wichnen A’ * Woy we AER. Mh Ax line tlicenen AD) bhfiy and in Be tne tuicknew @ is hf'o. “1 Space belween Words — h Cheight) 7 Space footween Séntences — 2h FY Slandlind —Neights + 25,35, 5,1, 14, 20 ot Fruvectesc belcin | ® Rakin} Dimensions Cm) height CN ; (4)aj)n | 29 35 8 1% 14 20 | . x Tale |: teteng Ad = Ml | ite oh Capitals h | [efit 9 oe ee Cc Cob) | 25 355 1 10 \4 4 20 28 pang Wha Characlees'0 G)nde 1035 5 1 10 ee eet Goluh 95 9 1 “10 4 20 a8 Min: Spacing e % [lun | r05 V8 24 3 42 6 84 Wor Thidenow of Uae of Gon [ous 019 6:35 06 07 | M4) | | ea SEU TITIT IEG sb se SSOCCEEAFECCE | 5 ~Tevbole 2: Aetoring BG: (d= Hip) __ | Character istic Di i Co) |__heterng begt_| Ratio | Dinewit Height ap capitals “hy (hos aS 5 «5: 1:10 14 20 y so M4 fe eaeeeeee ee eee [Meet A loser Gee c' Chon - 2g 35 % } SPM ofc Chances. Clin 05 oF | jp 2 2BA Lee Scere eee by] ei Re ager EEEEARDEEE Eee ee wl ’ IC fiodh V8 wp 42 684 12 Tichne» of Jines wh Cf to) loag ogs OF OTH VA 2 4 tt — Spacing, Pleo Chewactors b = Spacing lofto — Raue lines CoH eq of tower Coe letters ‘Wo Geigk oh Coit cf — Be Tateren 6 letters bfev words 2) = Mininwn — Spaciny Ih h - ae oy small delters Ly ) SSIEVELE TITTIES Opper core Lettering BIS SP: 46- 200 Wade Cu) | Capiladleters pow |i yd eee ereeer ce Sede etna | CBF eee | Z, By Ds G, Hy WK, OPR, STU ' ee [gE eas Lower Gane letters Gnd numerels i [tales Cul) | Reto [nlormerals | 2 3 i 4 G bee — | 5 81 b/d, 6 Gobulesn,0,4/.8,0,V, 24, 1,0, 2 | a st fae ah Troportning 9) Meo 7 Wille of lekong = 04th itd of leering qrenter tron O-6Tn = Confraced) later width of lettering leer than O-61h > Eelerdled lefter's 2 Normal — hettering Guuele Lines: 1 Vertical quicle linea help beep leffers cenit wre wel fo mb the vertical gett Linco of baalar) TD Lovipntel Guidle Line help to beep offers Unify height. sp ts ete Ke Should mot — rse the ovgontel gue ‘i Lettering Tratrumeds used bor hedtering b kettering Guide 2 ketteril Guahumert 3 Guide line Tvitengle 4 Guide line Grphrurn to Lines Auo Diaensions I Outline 69. Objective Line: ~y ‘these ae @nfinows —ThiCle “1 Used |ov repreoost tue oufer “1 Kuo Kdge © Suifpce thd *s th ibe. MO 2 Constuclion lingo ~7 These Ce (ordinow — Thain > Used i “projecting ‘treinahormin Wied do PN ta ( imag | Used hp Contiuchon pupese and Us me pein pine Aras MO 5. Hidden lines: fg 7 “hoe re Drahed Linwo | fe =r ted 10 Show bicldew port © portion dh the Object 4, Contre line © hocus Line: y Ditwon long tnd Shot Daw vedio rong fier Lines. fue @) ovdrall Shape of ony Visible is vepreotrled by CLLLCTL = line. locedion por one i) dy these Dines dort 6:1 to 4 Thy Ore | popoion celecled shale ve mairdsned lo4 ee oj ent s 7 Used fo Centve fy Conde or (ocus gh on object — Combe Should begin Gnd Od ote & long. Dist = When 400 Conve Uinta Coo the Short cleals should intevsect symmetrically 5: Dinansen_ andl Eonion_low a Theoe —Gixe ‘thin Lindo. used veprootet dae Ameren i Sh an Oloject “TDimension lines have ewan belween g Grctension. 6 Sechon Line: eon 1 Theoe awe thin Confinow Lineo urijornly space. 4 ~rUsed fy Show apart in portion 4 45° co * ~- & & q @ a a ’ arrow reac! on oll ends dnd I Theoe fineo ove usually drtwn at Gn cnet “TThese Linco tlénds ge to edge tue sur hace in (OW these ave dri 1 Shot Bread Line’ 1 Ae ¥s Confinous thin yee Wend line: <7 Owed fo Show 0 lovenle go oloject @ 40 Giditete ire gy ew Goer ‘| olojeck 1 There vepulk iin © Sosing Space and dime. & hong Ryreoke line: fin with 4-9 Pines. used 1 OF tS Confinow Considerable Deng Ss 2) reek iteds owe & Deawing = wo 1 Cacting Plane line. allerede andl blot doh in = ( Tl is Coonposel ) my the vatio of about dvawn Stone a Core Be line float tule Te cs endl BO (sel to he oclge 4 tne cullin plane When An 7 Oleject toting Secfione to show dhe ujddlen liner, ~~ we (0: Drto line: SO Gs double deahed ine = ) t, portion 6) olojett. ~~ Used jp py a pol, por j = Il Plaintom bine. wa —7 Phantom fine IS used fo indicede the movemerd 4 Pony objet MO There Linwe Overt Aide Line and two dotted finer Gnd. one fuith —_ line 4 mn! BE doe hind: =» ns me 710 GE dle feng 4 ay Abject seperael me we we hoacler hint. wa 7 header line ill newer oe \ertital . ~ Only 4 ong ove cube — for loocler — [tnvo = 20", 60°, 4 lo . Min. 20 casual wed s lout owes Wer fical. tte aro ts fowardls colich Object wont = Give Cletailing: and jotta, oad never chould he verdicl 1 n leader Li ew TO ue TUustradion | Thick Object tines) : Confinows Thin Continous Fin wlowy CNS eee Confinows hie, with Z4-2aq 4 Score | Appli action. | TDualiwo) visite clown, Surface oun devi | Objects mace bt | | ar | [Dimension fineo, Ertension ints, Section Linea | Leecler ov pointer Lind, Conrtucton Lina toardor fines, projections. _ | Short real lines or ierepullur looundary Lines — Arion free band: 4 long foveal Lino | Glocasphions Tor ss, ite Oe Shot dose> Cerker (ines, locus Lind, fine of, See een «| Sepnmeteyy Tragectorien, Alternde Song | ath abt, Asokeo th 8 propor¥oy es in to 16 | tin eleotere | Cadking plane fines Indole Movement an o bject header line 0 give Gn debiling of My aloject Seperctelly. PPDDPEL PE ie head radio fhe arrow tread should Ire Ke de bk 1S = 7 kid M/ Length "yet ta Head : 3&7 40° . « ; rl ca + - i (eq 4 Open Closed Closed and filled es = Dimensoning Diameters: Ee Oe & TA tale 4 cliemeler. is re preoented a Sipmesl g Re =r the G smb should toe infyont 4 sel sje Abweop. Re 7 the cove tree methods — for vepreneating the cliamek = oh ow owcle- = = — ad ue i M7 Reco is ‘dicted tue letter R- = the leter 2 Should aloo, loe tafyonk of a4 = & + i ° Otten Symbools: g- Diaineter R= Raclirs C1 = Square og Sphere SH Spherical Dramel o SR- Pep rica! vaclis Dimensining Systema Onidirectional Sytem quere we fro Suslerna hor Dinnensionng: lL Aligned Sytem 2 Onidivectional Sqclem, PPPPIVVIPIPHKHLKLKPLHAARILIML LL’ : Meade, do eorite owe, 7 fy Adiqned Sytem we need abow the dine, >? = wa ~7 ty aligned — system the mesouwem ext — nium ber Renate alan on (ft side of, the line » bub — not bg viqlt oicle. and Should & bb = alin with fue Line Th Cniclivecfional System we need to Gd the Die and he meanturern oat node the : [ine- yin onidivecfiond! — Sytem fe numloer Should alias be in the clivecton 5} He Line lypeo ob Dimensionin' System I- Chain Dimensioning: > One dimension — Sttrking “yom newt > For every climension”) Pry Cuiows tnd. dimension is the ve ference nturn loer 2: Parallel (Direusioning 7 Common Starting post or Daun, SIP P PPP PES PES Pea ees 4 Buery Aimension Spall Slat from the Tod, B 2 Ca Jintnsicning: “1 in this Chained! andl Peale awe together ff | (omloined PPK PKFVIIIIFPIPSC HPL LAP LUA KWIISAIA EP KS NE TOGrEASI VE Dirsosiong q eee 20 30 sf. 8 J 20 Dadam or, ‘Drigtn ¢ a Modi fed Puvedlel System is called! Frogremive System. ond is Common deta Aowardla other. Used her lew Spale- 5 -Diméasiaig of Co-rdinde Spon’ (4 4» oordinds + it ts wed be when Ver} toge numloer of Cittales Gr€ there - ~z We dete coordinakes 4 Seper abd and ont mendion tue diam des af the arcle- ty used when Riveh hraler ancl Circle bdles we 7 Une me me 6. Repensed ‘Dimmensi oning a we 7 tlhen repented iménsion Come we te His = ometind. HG, this we we boy Number ef, W vepet tions x = dia. Pe we Geomerey ~T {wo ‘ype of Geometry [: Plano = 2), Cplame Geoneh) 2 Cartesian Geomeby Thae Gn be , wilh Scale @ Dar. dts Rerpondidr Piseclor of” (ine: 7 First wer ind with ~— move dirtiss an Gl =r then from other fo chin the - Stiri 1 ‘then perpen Ci cu low Drei y for a geen into egpod pk . we inclined — waif -y then We need is dytwon inclined oy the a [ombine the Ipisecdor ob li need Hehe 0 Re. fan ball © need alove Gnd. bottom - side. We a — { are with po Gt Ba ca the the n' auunboer ling__int0 y ss phich we need 40 bivicle # reed 10 Arts 0 Sine me a Leng th fh the dividle fue tine into Spal par b. co ith LLIPP PPD Pa verenane-- the (agl elvision 9 Ihe ine von Shoulel be Connected lo vue actual fine. “TA nd — Stumilar ly all fuer fren ee a prallel fo the frachia? line dnel thus “the ines divided info equal Plots i | G6 Construction o) Arges: TAvale is the inclinadion —loclween tuo Liner - —F Seb Sqpareo we tue br Inearue ing Gngles- Risecting an le: ~y fist weth a Convien? vadiuas we to | on ee Link . Then with =the ame radius we need to dian = Gwe jrom the ares dvtwn on the Sink. 7 Now we need to fom the Pott whee the need 10 draw Gra meet = = = ‘ie i; Pospenc ale Angle (40°) 2 Acute Profle (240°) 3 Blase Arle ( 9>4") 4 (omplimedery Aryl (two Gongs glo") 5: Supplementary Anges (Two tingl Slum = 180°) Rhombus: “1G, Rhonlous uo ingens Coch other. = mi ye 4 aoe Rohmlous 6 — Square Triana te! L Equiderad Trine 6 Wes! Tieng: = i is alto tenon 0s aleal — Tridngle ~yngh sides are et Perpendbiv-lery foisect * Gsoscelee Tingle “To slo oe yal. 3 Scalene Triangle’ 7 All ‘three different Glen 4. Conditioned Triage’ ~y Matin Angle L120? panna Angle Y 20" clit" Gy tre —aloove sequtenol twe thee then it is (allel Onditined rite cron og! 7p the aloove veqpuremedk ae not there tn cdled THE Conditioned Wiangle + it is SUI EI ITT IUCR L ECC ESELLECEL Tec anigueo 40 Drow ‘Triangles ~ We need one lengt fer Com pubis a Triangle. ~T The deck provided Gn be fo Arius three I ong tle @ tne lenge amd two ingles: Given three Sicleo: ~y Fist we need to raw 4 bine know fue AC Gn Gt § AC need fo draw On Oe mice! thom. A ancl we distin ce © need — fo drtws distance endl similarly we Bo divhale and Cc len: Cne_site_ tt _Aat protractor we On breve triangle we {vo _ a, “d angleo ave ver’ Tn ler iar E Louder ior Angles: [ Cotter Prles © Exterior Prgles K q ~y Exterior Angle = Sum 4, op waite In terior Onclen, Ath =C 1 For Anlernal Angleo: ‘ol ong aie C2n-4)x 1070 Si ofl oe “1 or — Etterior Angle Cont4)n40=0 ©: Sum 4 Exton foe Ciruum Cader Tonk Bh od tqpal chence BTU Verte. 7 Circa ender Connects all Lar Risectors = 7 Point ol ConCuvente of all LY Risectors Called! = Cir am Conk Or- ~ SS Civeuncontor Can oe insicle ov Cutacle —_ - the triangle. -_ ~7 Civcumn centtr (onturence a) porpencliGeler — bisectors: Gs Tn Center “TDoink equal Dishince from all Roredgen TE will edge: 7 a will he have eqpral porpendicslor distances pon only anaile | the < Wiangle- Ine sectors. bedtee tS (Con Caren 4, Argue bisecders OA -OR -00 4 Encenter aa aPPOPTIVIVIPPPIPSIRIAAAAGIGIGLA SUISOLLLITIIITUCTCC Itc ree ZI Oxthocender: My rial colach civics altitudes to egal propodton, a pro pordinetely + if we malhiply we wil get the value 1 Con(wrence of Altitude - Tat Com bee Out sidle and Gnsidle the Titrate. inp T for Obkise angle — Outside Acute angle — Guile Right angled ritegle - At the Werke. Conca Sec TIONS Conte Section er eer of the Curves = Bn Cont coll Secheon, Ciecle: 14 ot a oe cb the Gical secfien Hevigetly sen we act a Cidle. elbpe: ah ue oF the (ial Secon inclined Then we gt Ellipse without fouclsi ns tue oottom we Conical Sechion. Pouadoe'a ~~ S & we Gt the Conical gechion maar worth move a in cbinedion with touching the — fodttom = we get Peraboglo. loo. : = tipo cd the Conical section Verfically with touching 4 hott we will get Hyper boda. apart ete 5 0Celeo “ee 1 = =! Gp we wk the conical — Secfion vertically om te ™ Cone [ine we get Teoceles Trianale. Ecconbicty: ar ~y Ectentvicity 8 the pawerneler lich dividleo al the — Gnical secfiom + YF Focus: an corll foci we special poinls (ure 1S Thy Geomely focus ov a : : ‘ viel veberence fo colucl avy 4h Coukucted. Died enditulow fo the Garis oh symmelny = 4 liven 8 per - 7 (uve. Ot piraloole, E (lipse, Hy pasbola. ) ‘ er Dredrik ¢ 4 Eccehlaly ez ot Ls a ee ee FA G61 Paubcl erl> Ityperdoo le e<]| = ELbipse. ~-_ 2a aman nnne ee PPP N aQtbe Mojor Anis m= » Etipse: LS) Remy The Sum of any foo Linen ong the {wo . fous Sipuld loe equal to Mayr Aus. ~ is A ue a /\b Ee ne Meal F DS neyo AZ ~~ i =e a Contendric Circle Method 10° drow Ebipse : SO | Fist le reed! fo draw 8 hovgorked Line coi a Dohat oh Major Axis- 2 wllte teeing the Confer need 40 dues a verti) dine of Minor Auis Koxgthy efor need 10 dra» a circle 3 it Maer 888 be di diameler Need fo drto another and wit «Minor 8 circle: Mie need 0 divide the concentric Civeleo into equal ot info 12 parts: fw bub prod we will divide 5. Te Sine wlith % drawn to divide the — Contedvic Ciclo met «Gt Hino points a} te Circleo. $ Now we need fo daw a vertical — bine from one point and a Herigonkl «Cine fro the other Port tle will aeb 7 pont. TUT Csi 7 BL End of the ae Aus and mingy auiS ahould 8 Allow we will ie hee “ lund drag Ss a Cow ve jornun A lea qu - gltitse. be om the Some poirk need we all the re ind end 4 Ibe Curve: ancl with jo. clraw we will Se2 SPH Bmaaananeae 2 Pay abola: Double wd joc Divectix| => katus Rectum. Absaun ap at the pont > The Verte oh a parélool is the poi and ik Line 4 cd the aver section 4 the parabola Symmetry be described as au clivd 4 1 Double Ordinede Can tue paraloole tlud # pepidiador fo tue as and awd throug ont ‘poink om due poraloole is called doulole ordinate oe Lous Rectum: = ry he hetus Rechun 4 & Pavaloola § is the Chord! tot is nw Poasing Hnough fixe focus g the poral and és Perpen ditalee fo the — Cus 4 the paraboolt. -—_ -yTue kedus Reclwn of 4 Purakola “Can . also P the focal Chord _ whith is parallel fo the olivecwc of the tavabala . A bascisa 7 7 The lis tin le wliCh B the double ordlinale and Direckix = S Callecl Alsciso- vom how = mit a clistance T Gk is Known 8 i¢ the double Ordinde Direct placed prom will be ~T Double vdinate ancl Aloscisa alues provi ed +o dra the Praloola . Reclanguler Method fo Palade Steps: b With the given ordinefe and A peepediculew fine Rectangle prom the wale, end Repent faseisa Values we need fo dra & & We need to ber G booth ends the [ne G2 Double ordi 3- the let line of fhe Reckengle needs dlividlect indo equal park a Our with to get The aCturoby. Double odin 4. the bottom ling @9$ho' alo be divided indo Same eqpel pork as above clone. 5 hen we need to det inte jrom the verter Ee al ee eee 6 then fron “the pois on the Double odinede need 10 Orin ~4 Vine hoe it meels « oink the re ee is coving from ‘ ° ble need to chro a Simoolh Curve [Dining al te po eth oil ge & pal. & Same procecliure he fo be deme athe.” Let bal 6) cyrmmety to gel the ponloels ao: PUSVULLCT IIIT UCULe eases seh Hyper Bova: “7 Hyperbole altnip Gom Rectang 7 the e> | +} cur Ves wo tke a Comnlainetion Hyperbole: The both the cbvechixs of The oS perbola ave por pencliculan fe Ct y Ht Ss Glled “0 Rectang uber Hepedeala: ~ if rger 2 -— @ sutisfjeo ations then ; foove egeetors 5, tue Iyperosde teagpos , : Recngulo™ Hg perooks Ne General Method to Draws Hypabale: I dirtally we need © drim © Divechit foms with =the given deta. a Kesecricity will be given oa buf orof as oa Decimal ace ip the given eccentricity Als je and a Fraction 3: & example then we need divide the ine Where the focus Lito info q equcl po. thet the 4 trom 8 given pack we know is oat 4 parts 5: Then we need 10 extend the fineo © the parts alter the Vor tee 6: With the jocel f we need 10 draw the arcs On hott gle 9}, the pol perks Sines and dvaw, Smooth — Curve to Grave ge Hyper hola. Methods 1 Det: I Contentrin. Circle Mettiod 2 Reclungle Method 3 Oblors Method A. Aus oh Civcle Method 5 Rhom bu Method 6. Pyasic Aolus Method (Direchie- Focus) Hypertoo be: I Rec tangulew Hyperloo 2 Rectangulew Hyperbole Teralodla, [ Rectangle Mefliod 2. Method Tangeds . Lele inetiod) 3» asic hoc Method (Orrecit - focus) la (Co-ordinates qe) (Pv, chagrin - Auch” ne 3: Basic Aocus Melhod (Drechit— Fos Cycnoro: 4 cyetoid tue — Cirlun Straight Dre. aA cloid *5 an beample a Cue rolling all 4 a wheel and i} we trace on ad ih collec ig the | Curve en lo fecente oh a a Specie i » a voulefte, © collier Curve- m ai hw ts woledlins ( « pout flit — voll alorg a 4rochoiel ancl is curve generated loy zontal plane {ous oh tag partic cyleid. Ec vean: TAL Epicycloid sa plone Carve The path of @ Chasen pont on oh a cicle callel an — epreycle. eobith witlioct Slippin around a ted Geele. itis parttabr tod 3 Roulette “1 ft alin outside cite. Hypo cvcon 7A Hap glocd is a speci plone unle genet bey the trace 4 a pee! ‘point ong «Sim Circle ficf rolls within nace are. 48 poe t Ss rncreosetl, produced % a the CGrtn erence roth vadius of q dhe Loxger cule ‘the id eeamngo mare bite te dor Created | rol a ticle on a Line. tue cele. oe tes alluap inside Teocyo1o 7A Focwid «= 4 coudette perrned m4 a Cicle vole along a Le. a the cunve ‘tratecl oof & a point fired! f a cicle it voll aling o shaft The point may be ony the Circle, or vasicle the circle = oy~— alto outside the circle. is ali 4 he point i, insicle the Circle i is CWecl Lah evior Trockoiel my we 7 df the poit % oudsicle the cele gly te mw called Superior Fochoid. mall the pont is om the cicle > coll ed Ce geld : then # 1% Epi Rocworb: 7 An Kpatrochord is roulette race boy a pont alteccted yo a cucle sh vaclius Y Yolling Oro te Outside of G ined circle a Ridius 2 , where the Pomt & of a dishne pom the Confer 4 the — erterir Grele. 4 Sy tlith & ibpererd racks COM not the i wu the —-Givcle ip be tack the pom! gro 4 ground the outside > 4 a ped circle * calle me Epitochoid: ™ iy Ie Aelia 8 naidle te crle + iS cabled me inhenor qockoid: mer the vacua ‘ outsidle = Seporior Frochoid- que Cdle ft is called ~~ Hypo Troctto!D: inside 4 pied Circle e 7 4, we volte a circle = ra alpret yooliuh a pont is taken mand ated fen we get Hype trothaid me 7 A Hypotrochoicl i 4 voalette traced! a 2 _ pote attache! to a cle s raclitu rv voll “ trarcle oh a piced circle Co kaclus R, here the point isa cbishnle ad from the Concter op the inferior Giecle. “TG A df the radiw 8 inscle the = C cle it is Inferior Hy poodle. the cle # 1S TY te vedioa © ouside Supenior Hypo rach SPiea: ( TA Spd & 4 cute — fomed! woken oleject ‘ 1S robding and moving ee fon the fired ; Point: 7 7 UI Progrerson g he Spivael dune fotlows ‘ thon tH OS cablecl Archmedian @ Aritmekc Pager Spire Gpival Curve plows Ty progrenion vi} the Geomehic Po grein ‘then th i Called Aogarttonst Spires: [ecax: b rotting 0 ~y Helix ts 4 cumve armed > movin troundl Gm [ited oleject ond! along the Lengtt ~1 Gy the Gave is jormed one Side then tts Cableel Single Helix. Reote sesh vet Lok tLLIP VIXIA AD Single Stay Heb ¢ "te = lead (horizontal Distance i J Curve ~Y Q Pil is the gap blo the Saccenive Haveeds) 7 4 the Curve oS formed fen fot The rte the [orignal plene Clockwise then wewill « Weekcol Plone ’ a! = yA ; 1 Pjecken UP (ines Se 2 | vt Plane, HP ‘a TU, we wit ony exh, Viti» we inbovt = din enchye. plane Called as Axa low] Plone. TIME Weo woh we qd in the \Vertitel Plane is dalled as Frontal View. Vou Tn Seconto Qvavemutr ; VP $ * i a oa OP ' C : * - —_— : he HP i A vortical Tan Seemd Quadbesk 'h wig neal coitidle . clistance are stme then pale ov eae this ts the — vetoon we donot, Use | R lane Gnd i acres point orn \lerliGel pP eae! 2 aisente, TOM pal plone Pyne Tu_THRD Quapeant: we a up 1 , HP ' % SESSURU WEP POUL CCU P PELE Pr ress! Por Iu fovern Quarbant: Law wp a a ( a uP | 4a Ot A f hue i Pine Ou Any One Or Tue ane, Point on Lov ontel plane a — oo a’ Aa x Point _an Vertical, Aa — “Plane .a! — a SS oe Lines dine Rreanee (er To__Horizon! TAL Anti VeRticar: [inst en on Ate plone a 7 dh in ‘the pojection we ec the pl dengtt t € fhne tuen itis nown 4 be FE pralle! i tu FT in the projection the plane we qt Me on ont = then «fF tS enown fo oe + Os Pecpengditudar 40 duat Plane: “TI, in the Projection on the plane we qe reduced Length 4 they “Line then ft iS bnoon fo be a \Botiied fo thihPlne. Verto! Plane i a b (ogee ; Ve : 1 to uae l ‘ H-P a b sataerrer? DELSLOULTISIETUCLL ELL ULL I ILLUL Line Paramee To Verticar Ano Rereapicveag To Horizont, : _iy iP al A ao | | | yr /® : gle} | eS NN, | - ? Ab Deer 0 ING _IARALLE! To Hoercoitrat. AND Perrendicunar “ Line Taeanner 0_Ho ene eae Sours Thee Gre boo ‘Ty peo 4 Solids: I Poly hedra 2+ Revolution Fouypeoeas th fla “7 Dolyhedin is q Meee dimensional Shepe\ (2! d Slienp Cov neds Pebagonel faces , Stefi edges an ox Ver tices: 7 Pedy eden [pos ike & Group oh planes ane adfached. Revonwtion Soni; A Solid op revelation i 4 solid fjene ObteHed by roteding a plone hiqure around Some Shoig't fine @ thal Lin on the Same pane + Powlutin sotid — Looks Litre when generator eT pooned Lrample (one. ago | pews \ Generator a __* PPIPPPP PPAR MR a DPeMmanamaae BESSLESLT, ar Eve Peg redr follows a yule ie, Euler formfy F Euler Formals — Face + vevtileo — Edges z 7 Poluhedras coith regalo we same sizes have Sinclar —riamnen Tee are mentimed helow: ek: Piet i Ex | fe Poly dees | Wortices Pade Faceo Vfetrahedron | 4 6 7 Tr 2 Caloor 69 peraedron| g i 6 3° Ole hedhon | 6 12 P ‘A Dopeahedron | 20 [R30 } a 5° Leosahedron i a | x — fe Te edge Face ) ° 7 Fay eae iS fortter divided info 3 Cacbegovico en, (Prise a 2 rami 3° Ptatonie Solids Faso: too eqpal pecall ~7 Dism is a polyhedron fermedl ne , ; aces Conn { side regalo glygons Od oa coh Awe either relandee on parallelogram > Pism iS Called tohen & Plyedbra has Same Cro Section tro out the Dengta: 7 Ard Gndined 40 The, planets callecl Rigi ign PYRAMID: al amid is 0 pobjredeon | he pals? a plane Suh ale as ts louse ond a Number os ifs a . sitet verter or Apex. face all rmeokng a a pei Pratoure Sous: —T Platonic solids ave Wine flyer own Unique propericn that listings then hon due reat “They ae aad congrutd + ALL the [pie are vequbw o 2 Platmic Sasper re Conver ppolyredror. «oli donot intersect etteph 3° Fateo of Plobor liiaiectaticie edge The Same — numloer Sh faceo meet al Cath \orler, 5: Plafonic Solids have rye paes Woh are Similar 19 form heigl i Angles Cun edlgeo. 2 Plofonic soliels ome three climensimal , Conver, “and real Solids shapes 7 Dledo — cmsociaded the fehradhedvon with h¥¢» The tube worth Cath, the i£osahedron — with water, the Octahedron with air, Qnd the doce Ah edron worth the Onivorse. Convex: Tuy YEDeon': 7 klhen we a ca psn in the payee 4 it fico within the Plane tga OS On Conver aby bedbeon cf | oD Concave ToLYHeDRon: a 7 When we (em on foo points in the py a i, tt fio okie the plone then ik tS (Conlave Poly ted von « BVpvegvsovegvytccCcnoecqcrCcwvrwwvrwvere wrooowere Doec auepron: a) fa Relw Penta gons are Connected! dogetlor { Doectaledron . Teosarterront 2 20 Kapilotersd Triangles ave Connected fogetler pom aren) Tcoabebron - Teteaepront: “T Connecting face is alway ow Triangle: Base Mand Other Connect Hetngie fot A. Tronicated : | D i tis Glled 7 When we tal Pyramids op portion then S e Frunwded Fyre 4 Rec taralon Hy porools ie Ontis's 4 bape pep Cl, fo tach otuor @ Conjugate aus: tufted in fucined divechion we qe raped = ne one 1S = AU green axe aadted only on Ellipse dace (atiy, wr talen top 4 batlorn mre poral wher we cb fra tee rhlhen top & boottsrn axe rot parallel ~Treorcsted . Prism Connected fpleo are alway Rectangular Planes. 1b Bricks Modular Bricks spe! 19X94 m9 SHindtnel Sie 20 X10 X10 m=) Nominal Size (Brith ay colts moar Con version! Brick @ Tolitimal Brick 5ge- 230 MIS & 1S mm > Bricks ae Used in: h Congkucin 4 kloLls. 2 Bric Flos Soliag ri Soling | ~7 Brice Fob Tad peakucken Te pope Construction and Hine alliizenee eel eee to make — Cmorete bed — Smooth and — Stable- 7 Duning “the manfachore 4 Rriths some — ovithe ane 7 yo the tly whiCh awe ovr louent bricts = re used in Brith Flat Soling. ~y This procedure is done %elow Pee founcletion a) bere weak Soil ~7 Tis Brick fle sottry uncle tion o 10 lenel The founelation, iS ppreoend. is to Stengthen the Manes achoring of Povicles: 7 Gy construction oy Oricks there will a Unit coluch is called = Masonry tlovke (onorefe 8 eafihe Homogeneous tert’, ~y But where as t Soil Preperasten: man tifactiring 4 Prices eva is the (" slep in the soil sffe ertCarco Hon D+ te top toger 4 Co be ed ee impurttive Owe CTF ILZEEL —73: The Third & ts Blending . T, miceol with Sad fh, ts Sp te a some tmes coith Cow clung to get flexibility . Or i 6 added © the » P jeune: yee Soil prepperedion a @) ertavalion 7S the Re Bag © he te p 72 Seond step is Ieccear ig.» Ms is ole, ™ > e 10 admasphore Yo remove Lumps 17 > the soil) to disinte te soil due > to wolotteer ing acho , ' and better bondling or 74 The fouwtu — Step fs wolkn? fu tis Step the Soil and le ff jor fe hours. ~y 5. The Fifh Step ® Pag mill. én tus step Cherni & soil 5 Lone ; cm — mirdure of Sot! “Tp the peg mil isnot there oy hanof thr ougts ol achon clone io” disintegrate Me aye Weattering acken. abo 18 clone muy = tig = Gy 1G (uum ps which are preotat 2 Moor ning: “yf, @Morlelng we Pe ee mittee ) soil indo required Shape ancl Sig F Bal bo See WE need to make B-i de oh the rick §— oecaune “fe Extra Size lu nin the —orich. Shrinks $0 > fo qe the ovigined Sie Wen need fo take & bitte extra size “7 there are typo 4 Moulding: I Hand Moulolng 2. Machine ouldng 3 Rewed Brides “T Yond Mall e dive by hand! ane mm fwo ee the a it Ground ouldg bn this 9 glhod by usieg hang the moult #8 placed Liveclly on the yours able Moulding: Tn tis Metlyod boy sing Hee trond dhe moubl {3 placed m the Fbles- 2 “7 Macline Mad: ty Thés metod maclines are used fo moulel tke vies. fF 4 deoived Shape and SRC + Rewed Picks: In {les method prewure ’s wed 1 qe d jem oh yids - Hollow bricla, ov ther 77 FRoq Mare: dn Brice Frog Marle | \ re befler bonding a , clesired 1S i lor vith — with Morar due fo, the cheprension 4 the Frog Mave- i 7 Was frog Marke *S qlao. used jo Company Branding 3 Drying: ~y Agter Moulins tue bricks ore Drged mp the Sun. 4. BURNING: 1 After Oni the Pritls Gre kept in the kiln ae bur id ~y the luln ‘fem perecfue i” fourning (s 800 +p. [000 egrets. Com orPosimion © Ingeipevts: gets Ps Be Sikica (Sibx) a Alumina (Al, 05) 307 dion Oude (Fe,0,) 8} Magnesia (myo) 54, hime (0) Ip Organic Medtor uh 7 Main Cortiuent 6 Conprmedd oh Brith is Adumine.. Price Propet is noting bef Alumina - a Majer Comper enh Brick is Silica. 7 Amina, — gree the plosticty and short to fue lorie és proaend Ff soil fit ~ Uy Alanine Tous (7 Shrinkage of Bricks. and — Cracking. 7 Siliae in te sol gies 2 Good Tertare the bricks. and Sharpness 4 Jp sone plots hand tS added co the soil yo mace brits 4 the Silica contert ts ie On d alto dani! moulding to id cdfaching = oh iter | mixdere neal Rel Cour to the bra, ~T Tron Oracle gives The ~ Ht (leacdks d Magneoit is fottncl more Durability Tystves- ~Y Organic Metter is Should Me a | lew or raw Ss » B 1) B B 5 should Dinited very (en. B 5 > Tyres Or_Bnvces: B p , » ' ' ' ' Baseo ON Sie! Mopar Backs ~ 19x49. X Tom 20X |OXL0 Cm a Sstanderdl Sze (Nominal Size a 2. Conventionac Bricks - ©9 Bomar max 1Grvm Q25mmx [aSmm KTS Basep ON Property: | first Cass Bris ©? Crass A Bricus 2 SECOND Crass Bricks 3 THRO ChASS Bricks 4 Fourth Cass peicles Fiest Cunss Beets: b Free fom Gacka 2 Sane Sze and color 5 Browen Suvpace Shows Onigerm — Gonp Ae Smashing fan. Britha Should Pre 5 facos ave Onin and oll edges are 6 per pon Imeser heigit the Brith be olen: T Compomive Shey Should! ndt be (eit than 105g lon 3° Pyicts should not Abseb '16% lider op tusir log auf fer Being Soaked in klater pr 24 hours. 4: These Bris oe cued in koa Bearing at Texte duce Bell Type sound. Shove! rot Alles. Secon Cass Barca’ Small Creches re Cattertable 2 Brits wre G Gme Se ancl Shape. Colour. 3° Compronive Shot Should of 66 [es Tin 15 ky lene j Brits Shoukf nit Aosorh 25% Klater 4 thetr Weight offer Soaked — in water for 2% hors. 5 Used in Onimpor nd CHucdins @@ or a Plates where the Masiney fs be Plasteredl. x » » » » » 3 » 4 > > » » > > ’ ’ , U ' Thine Coass Berees: ! These ave Soft and Aight wm Clon ° They have Minerals on Mery — Surface. : i. » acle steel Rotgh Sor face ant Gras %E f hoo Priths Shan ld produce (ull Type : Sound, Smaching td not be ley than BS bg [oa than 25% blaler of there » lifer be 24 hours sulojected tp Compr essive Shong fh Show Britles should Absob noe Apter berg Soaked in Cins buchen — nol r Used th [onpoa Heavy Koacls: d Ouer Borat Paice: 7 — ja © we ine in kilm, Bue. to highs Tomporahure faey Lose Their Shape. Uses: Used os Tee Mek 2 Ued os Agpeple or Concrete 3 Used for ete 4g, Shuckwen 4 Used for Conshuckon 4 Gnferior Structure. | in a mas | eee Smercuer f 5 OM SHINER SOLDIER Row BAU Savor, Tests OW Bracks } ABSoRPTION 2 Crust O27 Compression! 3 HARDNESS: , conducted bq finger Nail. > Hardney dens pony 7 Hordnes 15. rehelonce Yo Morasion of Revalence fo penedrection, ~The Bride should 2 lawdler toon te jiger Ne en Oe ae brick ley wing Our banger Not ° a SOratoh —$k® Ste nol one A Suave & Size 5. Colour : Should be Wifpm Sie 6- Soonness + When two lovidhs we Smashed should Pr ( reg Rell sound: T Stavewre: = When we loreak mfo lulf we will Check 4 om ols cre posed andl ante ty is maintained. & Presence Or Sonuore Saars. (éphleoscerce). -y ble need 4 Soak tue brick and Check bow much Percortege 4 bide Grea — cobite “Patches VETO eT Ore {ovmedl. TB The, — percentas Covsed Se tae og Ee Hell % Deo PING Testi esl fi “r Nhen ue fice ¢ Seppecl from Inohe ey * Should not loveale Bac k a Losvre: Pe ee eg woo lls we need «=O sas emet- 2 TON, = % avoid! alingment 4 ae ete i: Cray, om the Same Line “rikle mandain Ap to 280 [pris in Same ~y The Aap shoulel genershif Hal Rich : ote edge brigh in @uoall is Collec! Quien Ja oe a, b Hal, o Gt 2 Tee Qysuter Closure 3 Quaw ter Cbsur e chile Cora tachog Cladus 4. King Clie &. Queen Closwe 6. Spl F 4. Pevelled Closure g NMidwe Closure 45° inclination. mae ea aARAARAAABR SOHOHPSPBSRPLSLPPLRRRRARLA ‘Tyres OF Bonos : : Pind Should UA = Gawell in Brits OAC type 4 be jottowed is repreoented! m Tsomehic View. 7 To maintain the lap we ploce Hell, Prithe in alterncde loons the boris he tude due. thostae | Deheeen will id ee mi IOmm. _ Theorel it pucker Should not bee greoder cen ts Sums 1 Re U we ploce the bridle lon fue tides a is Called Fall Brice Wall. — uy we place tue lovide along the Length 4 is tolled Hel Trice Wall. ~t u we plae tue lovicka = ome elong the ttichnen and another one oblong tue i ten tt ES collel One om Help prick Well: ee, me 7 fh we plate too [ores oblong due Hriclenerdg it mes alled = Two pride Thidenen Kall. —. 4 mo 71, we place Header and Shretber aldonetey OB ton th & cafbect Enis Bond. = fp is One tnd) helt it. rice Wall. mor we place leader and Stredler aon Bs Hoe dine ten TH iS Caled] Flemish fone OF is ge and bah fuicm Brick Wall. — ~y th is place the britles nctined aie Porelel — or perponclicaltr then if 3 Clef Raleing Bond + Raleing bonds are oh Avo Apes. Tg Gh we place the loriths diagorelly in only one —blirectron then fh is Cobllect Dingnonal Rodking Bond +h we place te bricks — intimation from bot tte clea Fan is Called Herring Boe Bond. ~7 Gen for two duidleney Rick atl normal Ponds — Owe uredl —1 To achiee three Abilene four thiCkene Gard en plall Bond. rick wall we use =r Garden ulall Bed % also y 2 tere 7 & we plate 3 Angers B, Sredehor and! one lager Weodlor @ 9 Logos oh Shrefelior andl yy, One \ h leacler ral it is called! era Gish ad dornsdively kK Gurion tell Bad. = uy we place 3 stretcher and 1 heacler horizontally mr A tne G2 5 Sheche, o 1 Heacler hor ijontally then tbe ts Def f Garclen klall — Flém yeh Th we place 2 Stretcher ond | Heaclor (eno sia ele Sag called Mok Bond: ~ Gy, we provide 4 Hollow Space in the soil thon if Fealled BA PTrap a . This hotlow Space in the toall ge colatk helps oy lemporeture Regulation. —y & ede “ve! orted Canorefe in the oi 2 is Callecl Quetta. Bed. hollow Space then MUU UEC hb bese ee Ponting ~y Prinkng 15 Kehnique or Stone mason) old mov kun jor vem oved and repairs oh 4 Ghenlhenin joink. bide masme mortar i + Gn tore when Crack cmc sinfoqate dren the defective mo" few ox power fool and replaced Prtperaly a the sane T the pointe worl pol joins ov the adhvoce affect? 4 { i lout alo jvm pra ee ‘the Appeee proving the pocorn o, the jo cals, and fextre, prminedy. af meri her poirdin emond- ond! ve in propetion eo) ee for Rowrche lot VA Dlaotering 1:6. Molter bor economically is I 4 hand wild prot nor Fur, the ovigined. fue mor ler Compos lion aA only protec the atmosphere of tue wall boy their NhiChnes ~> Com worl prepared by nt mining 0 + Conon racytar <7 (omen — rnarlor or @ 13 4 klhen we Ge for hime fo — improve fue — Strengta we follow a” proces called F Gaugi = When we We “fone jo Gassgin of Line Mortar Then Hts led jeg Morten faes bine morlar and Cement Mor both ove few & wil have Heawy clona'4y entnd. U have Aight clensity, LUST C2aeeevsgse bi me hh my Heavy Mor =“ sgt Mortar coil = w Ines Or Peat b Flash Poinding ~T dn the leer pointing. the rmorlir jitedand ind a morkr joinh Nplor Tod , yl sb brits the edges 6} pr ed inished tle ar Stones we th leah co fo give 4 Groot Appecmane » ~TThen the pinel pinsh is Fike by denon “fue wp cctqeo reel ror a Procoel andl staigtt edge: v2 Wlecdteredl Pointing? | B= i, Wleattered pinlng “tye morkur prened ginfo 7 still —preoe Me Top D Gnd! while tae proer iach a me > of me haov'zortel fom! és vail prone f > 6mm with the podig fool. » ml loo lite Slopint fe" the fop 4 the jor fp the > mi 4 the pt 3 Poinding’ b e 07 . y rin lewd Pod te mortor is ppreneel ando tue jor by 1 trowel and will finde! Ap wi the face 9 f the taser , Surface» Alter that the fone a proved back by Gall diamefer stool — leaf thesise - ove nfo a mortar 4G will hem a Cor ved arc voinfe The Wordital jo“ also jinishecl game. Ay V- Grooved Foinding a prey ave Sinily fo aged pointing work. fhe mor jilted and presed into fort After A - Shapect cove [ormedl in the fom boy we of U- Shope too |. 5 Beaded — Binding “1 Gy Beadecl — Poinlin _ the movlor promed info a rmasoor jom and Contave ror awe formed info @ foink asing A Steel fool avin Q ContoNe shape: to Beaded Poicding gues On errelleaf — Opporance ifort bu ts able 40 ft lamaged Yoick 6 Shuck Pincing! yd, This ro. the rmovlar & pict jilled a prowed ty madtle the pace 4h Pyich masonry ‘ Gnd fuer the fp olge 4 jo is Ground — !Omm Compared ie ue fatten (arnt —y Gt will fom Slope fron top

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