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CH - 1-The x86 Processor
CH - 1-The x86 Processor
ORG ; ONE
The x86
Microprocessor
The x86 PC 1
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
The x86 PC 2
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
1
2
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 3
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
The x86 PC 4
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
2
4
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 5
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
The x86 PC 6
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
3
6
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 7
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
The x86 PC 8
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
4
8
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 9
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
The x86 PC 10
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
5
10
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 11
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
11
The x86 PC 12
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
6
12
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 13
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
13
The x86 PC 14
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
7
14
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 15
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
15
The x86 PC 16
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
8
16
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 17
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
17
The x86 PC 18
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
9
18
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 19
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
19
The x86 PC 20
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
10
20
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 21
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
21
The x86 PC 22
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
11
22
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 23
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
23
The x86 PC 24
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
12
24
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 25
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
25
The x86 PC 26
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
13
26
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 27
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
27
The x86 PC 28
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
14
28
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 29
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
29
The x86 PC 31
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
31
The x86 PC 32
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
16
32
6/21/2022
33
The x86 PC 34
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
17
34
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 35
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
35
The x86 PC 36
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
18
36
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 37
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
37
– In the program above, the data & code are mixed together
in the instructions.
• If the data changes, the code must be searched for every
place it is included, and the data retyped
• From this arose the idea of an area of memory strictly for data
The x86 PC 38
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
19
38
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 39
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
39
The x86 PC 40
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
20
40
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 41
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
41
The x86 PC 43
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
43
The x86 PC 44
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
22
44
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 45
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
45
The x86 PC 46
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
23
46
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 47
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
47
The x86 PC 48
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
24
48
6/21/2022
49
The x86 PC 51
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
51
The x86 PC 52
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
26
52
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 53
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
53
The x86 PC 54
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
27
54
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 55
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
55
The x86 PC 56
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
28
56
6/21/2022
57
The x86 PC 58
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
29
58
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 59
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
59
The x86 PC 60
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
30
60
6/21/2022
– These six are CF, PF, AF, ZF, SF, and OF.
– The remaining three, often called control flags, control
the operation of instructions before they are executed.
The x86 PC 61
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
61
The x86 PC 63
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
63
The x86 PC 64
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
32
64
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 65
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
65
The x86 PC 66
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
33
66
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 67
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
67
The x86 PC 68
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
34
68
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 69
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
69
The x86 PC 70
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
35
70
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 71
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
71
The x86 PC 72
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
36
72
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 73
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
73
The x86 PC 74
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
37
74
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 75
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
75
The x86 PC 76
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
38
76
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 77
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
77
The x86 PC 78
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
39
78
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 79
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
79
The x86 PC 80
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
40
80
6/21/2022
81
The x86 PC 82
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
41
82
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 83
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
83
The x86 PC 84
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
42
84
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 85
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
85
The x86 PC 86
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
43
86
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 87
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
87
The x86 PC 88
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
44
88
6/21/2022
The x86 PC 89
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
89
ENDS ; ONE
The x86 PC 90
Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing
By Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Danny Causey
45
90