Plant Layout

▪ Plant layout means the position of the various facilities

such as
▪ Equipment
▪ Material
▪ Manpower
Within the area of the site.
Principles/Objective of Plant Layout

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 Industrial Layout
▪ The layout of an industrial plant is the visualization of the
arrangement of the departments and services in an area
used as an industrial plant.
▪ The construction of this layout is the result of an
engineering study that compares different possible
configurations aimed at solving a specific production
cycle.

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 Purpose of studying a layout for an industrial plant
▪ The study of the layout is essential to meet the business
objectives concerning the optimization of the available
space as well as the timing of safe movement, both of
people and goods, between one department and another or
between an area and the another from the same
department;
▪ in this regard obviously in the layout of the industrial plant
it will be necessary to take into account not only the static
structures but also the moving parts (people, robots,
vehicles) involved in the production process.
▪ The design of an industrial plant and its layout is
implemented with the help of generalist CAD software and
others specific to the subject.
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 Factors to consider for an effective industrial floor plan
1. MOVEMENT
• In order to ensure a smooth flow of operation, facility design should
support the continuous movement of products and materials along a
production path.
• It’s also important to consider the flow of people in factory.
• Prevent inefficient movement and eliminate downtime by
understanding how people will move around the building and what
obstacles might hinder them.
2. FUNCTIONALITY
• Good industrial layout design allows for maximum functionality
and productivity to help business meet its production goals.
• Optimize the floor space to gain additional square footage for ease
of movement and accessibility.
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 Factors to consider for an effective industrial floor plan

3. MATERIAL HANDLING

• Efficient material handling helps recover time and money

previously lost to production bottlenecks.
• Material handling equipment, such as cranes and conveyor belts,
are used for easier and more efficient product and material
handling.
• A well-planned industrial layout will reduce operator travel time
between machines.
• Understanding the dimensions and requirements of these pieces of
equipment is essential for a well-executed industrial building floor
plan.

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 Factors to consider for an effective industrial floor plan

4. SECURITY
• Safety and security should be a top priority when designing the
industrial floor plan.
• Security and fire protection system should be taken into account
to ensure that all detectors, sprinklers, and other emergency
equipment, as well as escape routes, are accounted for.

5. FLEXIBILITY
• It’s important that you approach your industrial building design
with the future in mind.
• The floor plan should be flexible to accommodate expansion and
workflow or production changes.

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 Types of Ventilation
Natural Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation

Cross Ventilation – Providing windows and

walls. Used for Narrow building
Roofed Ventilation -When the buildings are
wide as is the case in most of the single-
story factory buildings, good results can
often be achieved by provision of roofed
ventilation.
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 Natural - Roofed Ventilation

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 Natural - Roofed Ventilation

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 Mechanical Ventilation
Mechanical ventilation may be either
(a) by exhaust whereby air is removed from a building by means of a fan while fresh air
is introduced from windows and other openings, or
(b) by positive ventilation whereby air is supplied by means of a fan or blower from
outside, or
(c) by combination of both exhaust and positive ventilation. In case of positive
ventilation, it is possible, where necessary, to cool the air before being brought into
the building either by way of evaporative cooling or by air conditioning.

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RCC Corbel and its uses

Corbel or bracket is a reinforced concrete member is a short-haunched can�lever used to support the
reinforced concrete beam element. Corbel is structural element to support the pre-cast structural
system such as pre-cast beam and pre-stressed beam. The ver�cal and horizontal parts of the corbel
form a right angle with the ver�cal being atached to the wall and the horizontal atached to the shelf
or counter being supported.

Reinforcement details of Corbel

 Prefabrication principles

• To give safety in structural system.

• To design the building as an aesthetic one.
• To effect economy in cost.
• To improve in quality as the components can be
manufactured under controlled conditions.
• To speed up construction since no curing is necessary.
• To use locally available materials with required
characteristics.
• To use the materials which possess their innate
characteristics like light weight, easy workability, thermal
insulation and combust ability etc.
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 Prefabrication principles
• Design for prefabrication, preassembly and modular
construction.
• Simplify and standardize connection details.
• Simplify and separate building systems.
• Consider worker safety during deconstruction.
• Minimize building components and materials.
• Select fittings, fasteners, adhesive and sealants that allow for
quicker assembly and facilitate
• the removal of reusable materials.
• Design to accommodate deconstruction logistics.
• Reduce building complexity.
• Design for reusable materials.
• Design for flexibility and adaptability
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 Major components of Industrial Unit

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P. Sangeetha/ASP-Civil UCE1827 – Unit I

 Major components of Industrial Unit

▪ Roof sheet – Material used to cover the shed is known

as roof shed.
▪ Roof trusses – A structure that is compound of a
number of line members pined connected at ends to
form a triangular form work is called truss.
▪ Purlin – A member supported on the panel points of
two consecutive roof truss is called purlin.
▪ Girts – Girts are the secondary structural member
which provide support to roof and wall covering and
also transferred wind load from wall material to
primary frame.
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 Major components of Industrial Unit

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P. Sangeetha/ASP-Civil UCE1827 – Unit I

 Major components of Industrial Unit

▪ Eave strut– The member located at the intersection of

roof and exterior wall is known as eave strut.

▪ Bracing– A member which transfer horizontal load

from the frame to the foundation is known as bracing.

▪ Wind Bracing – Two roof trusses are connected by

cross to stabilize it against the action of wind, such a
members are called wind bracing.

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 Components of Roof Truss

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 Design criteria of cooling tower

Design criteria of cooling tower - There are five parameters that define the
performance of a cooling tower:
hot water temperature,
cold water temperature,
wet-bulb temperature,
water-flow rate, and
airflow rate.
The first four items are usually provided by the designer while the fifth is
selected by the cooling tower manufacturer.

What is cooling tower design approach?

Cooling tower approach is the difference in temperature of the water
entering the basin (cold) and the wet bulb temperature. For the purpose of
tower design, a tower with a smaller approach (small delta between basin
water temperature and wet bulb temperature) is considered superior.
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P. Sangeetha/ASP-Civil UCE1827 – Unit IV

 Design criteria of cooling tower

Preliminary data required for design of cooling tower-

• Vol. of circulating water

• Inlet temperature of water
• Outlet temperature of water
• Wet bulb temperature
• Inlet and out let temperature of air
• Design relative humidity
• Allowable evaporating losses
• Enthalpy of air at inlet and outlet temperature
• Specific humidity of air at inlet and outlet
• Specific volume of air at inlet and outlet temperature
• Enthalpy oof water at outlet and inlet temperature

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 Design criteria of cooling tower

(1) Thermal design calculation

(1) Cooling tower approach

(2) Cooling tower range
(3) Heat loss by water
(4) Volume of air required
(5) Mass of air required
(6) Quantity of make up water
(7) Effectiveness of cooling tower
(8) Drift losses
(9) Windage losses
(10)Evaporation losses
(11)Blow down losses

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 Design criteria of cooling tower

(2) Structural design calculation

(1) Cooling tower characteristics

(2) Determination of loading factor

(3) Analysis of cooling tower

(1) Modelling of cooling tower

(2) Meshing of cooling tower
(3) Loading on cooling tower
(4) Boundary condition
(5) Analyzing the cooling tower model

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 Step-by-Step procedure for the design of Corbel

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 Step-by-Step procedure for the design of Corbel

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 Step-by-Step procedure for the design of Corbel

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 Step-by-Step procedure for the design of Corbel

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 Step-by-Step procedure for the design of Corbel

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 Step-by-Step procedure for the design of Corbel

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 Step-by-Step procedure for the design of Corbel

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