Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University

Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.nemsu.edu.ph

Artist and Artisans (SCULPTURE)

SCULPTURE
·Latin word "SCULPERE" which means to cut or remove pieces with a stone
-Common art since PREHISTORIC TIME
·Hard or plastic media are consisted either by curving, modeling or welding into three
dimensional forms. (height, width, depth)

Two Sculpture Processes

Subtractive
-The oldest form of sculpture
-The removal pieces of materials through carving, cutting, sanding and
other techniques to acquire the desire form
Additive
-The process of creating a sculpture by adding material to create work
the piecing together of one or more materials to create a 3D piece of art.

Types Of Sculpture
Relief Sculpture
-Complex art form that combines many features of the two dimensional
pictorial arts and the three dimensional sculpture arts
-Sculpture partially curve into or may out of another surface
3 Primary Types of Relief Sculpture
Ø Alto (High) Relief Sculpture
Ø Bas (low) Relief Sculpture
Ø Sunken Relief Sculpture
Free Standing Sculpture
-Work of sculpture that can be viewed from any angle around the pedestal.
-It is referring to a sculpture that is not designed to be attached the wall.
-Free standing sculpture are usually made of metal, wood, stone or glass
Assemblage Sculpture
-Defined as "nontraditional" sculpture, made from recombining objects.
-The term assemblage is the act of getting together or putting together.

4 Basic Methods of Sculpture

Casting
-an artist creates a sculpture from a soft, malleable substance as wax, plaster or
clay. This sculpture will serve as the model that will be encased in plaster, silica, or
some other substance to make a cast.
-the major benefit of casting is that the artist may be able to produce multiple
copies of the sculpting using the same cast.
Carving
-process of creating a sculpture by cutting or chipping a form from a solid mass
 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State University
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.nemsu.edu.ph

cutting or chipping away a shape from a mass of stone, wood, or other hard material.
-known as a subtractive method of sculpture.
-most common used materials in carving sculptures are stone and wood.
Modeling
-Modeled sculptures are created when a soft or malleable material (such as clay)
is built up (sometimes over an armature) and shaped to create a form.
-is a method in which, the artist uses a soft, pliable material such as wax, or
plaster which is gradually built up and shaped until the desired form is attained
modeling is considered an additive method, as the sculptor is continually adding
material to the form.
Assembly
-in this method, the artist will take existing materials and attach them together in
some fashion, with the resulting combination of materials forming the sculpture
-most modern sculpting technique

Techniques
SCULPTING This is one of the sculpture techniques that is most familiar to
everyone, including those who are fairly unfamiliar with this art form. This technique
involves working from a solid block, chipping away pieces until the sculptor achieves the
shape that they had in mind.
CARVING is a technique that is used primarily for working with marble and wood. It
is a process that involves removing material by wearing it away and smoothing it,
working from the outside in.
MODELLING as the name suggests, is a technique that involves giving shape to a
soft and pliable material, using a mould. One of the materials that is most commonly
used for this kind of technique is clay, although there are others. Clay is a very cheap
material, easy to get hold of and is also very easy to mould. One of the benefits of this
technique is that you can make several copies of a sculpture.
CASTING Similar to modelling, this technique also requires the use of a mould. The
main difference with casting is that the resulting sculptures are generally made from
combinations of metals.
POLISHING is a technique used by artists who want to improve the final finish of a
sculpture that they've created, by improving its visual appearance and texture. It
involves performing a mechanical operation on the surface of the material. The
polishing technique for wood is also known as sanding and may be done using a
sander, or by hand.

Jay-R G. Cervantes
Discussant