SCULPTURES

WORKSHOP-BACH 208
GNDEC- SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
GORESH SAINI[1999005]
WHAT IS SCULPTURE?

Sculpture, an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three-dimensional art objects.
The designs may be embodied in freestanding objects, in reliefs on surfaces, or in environments ranging
from tableaux to contexts that envelop the spectator. An enormous variety of media may be used,
including clay, wax, stone, metal, fabric, glass, wood, plaster, rubber, and random “found” objects.
Materials may be carved, modeled, molded, cast, wrought, welded, sewn, assembled, or otherwise shaped
and combined.
Subtractive and Additive Sculptures

Subtractive sculpture is the oldest form of sculpture and involves removing material, as in wood
carving or stone sculpture, to create a finished work. Simply put, additive sculpture is the
process of creating sculpture by adding material to create the work.
TECHNIQUES
• Carving-Carving is the act of using tools to shape something from a material by scraping away portions
of that material. The technique can be applied to any material that is solid enough to hold a form even
when pieces have been removed from it, and yet soft enough for portions to be scraped away with
available tools.
• Casting- Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold,
which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify.
• Modelling-Modeling is an additive process, as opposed to carving, the other main sculptural technique,
in which portions of a hard substance are cut away to reveal form
• Construction- A Construction is any sculpture where a variety of materials are joined together to make
a 3D artwork
• Casting with lost wax-Lost-wax process, also called cire-perdue, method of metal casting in which a
molten metal is poured into a mold that has been created by means of a wax model. Once the mold
is made, the wax model is melted and drained away.
MATERIALS
• Wood- Wood has been used in the creation of works of art for as long as people have been moved to
create.
• Plaster of Paris- Plaster of paris does not generally shrink or crack when dry, making it an excellent
medium for casting molds. It is commonly used to precast and hold parts of ornamental plasterwork
placed on ceilings and cornices.
• Clay- Self-hardening clay, also known as air-dried or non-firing clay, is a direct modeling material that
cures naturally and does not require mold making and casting to achieve a finished piece
• Metal- The metal most used for sculpture is bronze, which is basically an alloy of copper and tin; but
gold, silver, aluminum, copper, brass, lead, and iron have also been widely used.
• Ice- Ice sculpture is a form of sculpture that uses ice as the raw material. Sculptures from ice can be
abstract or realistic and can be functional or purely decorative
KINDS OF SCULPTURES
• RELIEF-Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid
background of the same material. To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that the
sculpted material has been raised above the background plane
• Kinetic and Mobile- A mobile is a type of kinetic sculpture constructed to take advantage of the
principle of equilibrium. It consists of a number of rods, from which weighted objects or further rods
hang. 
• Assemble- Assembling is a method of sculpting where you use a variety of materials of any kind and
make a composition out of them. These materials can be wood, paper, metal, and objects
• Free Standing-Freestanding Sculpture is unattached to the background and has space on all sides. It is
also referred to as sculpture in round. Unlike relief, freestanding sculpture can be viewed from all sides.
EXAMPLES
OTHER EXAMPLES