Salahaddin University

College of Engineering
Architecture Department
Safety in
5th Grade - Spring Semester Construction
2022 - 2023
Site

Instructor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Hamid Turki Assistant: Mr. Carol Kharbosh
Content

I Definitions

II Types of Occupancies

II Fire Fighting Access Design

I
Definitions
For defining any term, please go to definition in the code book
Here are some important definitions:

• Control Area: a building or portion of a building within which hazardous

materials are allowed to be stored, dispensed, used, or handled in quantities
not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities.
• Fire Area: An area separated from rest of the building by fire walls, fire
barriers or combination thereof.
• Fire Protection Rating: The period of time that an opening protective will
maintain the ability to confine a fire and heat. Ratings are stated in hours or
minutes.
• Combustible Material: A material that, in the form in which it is used and
under the conditions anticipated, will ignite, burn, support combustion or
release flammable vapors when subjected to heat and fire.
• Fire Wall: A specified fire-resistance-rated wall having protected openings,
which restricts the spread of fire, heat and extends continuously from the
foundation to or through the roof, with sufficient structural stability under
fire conditions without collapse of the wall.
Types of Occupancies

Other Occupancies:
• Educational
• Healthcare
• Residential
• Private Villa
• Commercial Villa
• Detention and
Correctional
• Hotel
• Day care
• Mercantile
• Storage / Warehouse
• ……etc
Check page 48-54 from
code book to see the full
table
Types of Occupancies
Types of Occupancies is based on their usage, Hazard and number of occupants
Occupancies

Mixed Occupancies

• Mixed Occupancy is a multiple occupancy where two or more

various occupancies are intermingled without fire resistive
assembly separation between them.
• Each part of such mixed occupancy shall be classified
according to the specific usage as defined by Table 1.1. Types
of Occupancies.
• In Multiple Occupancies, where exit access from an occupancy
traverses another occupancy, the multiple occupancy shall be
treated (or protected) as a mixed occupancy.
• Mixed Occupancies shall be provided with most restrictive Fire
Safety requirements of the occupancy involved, including the
egress and protection provisions.
Occupancies

Separated Occupancies

• Separated Occupancy is a multiple occupancy where two or

more various occupancies shall be compartmented by fire
resistive assembly separation between them as per Table 1.2.
• Such Occupancy separations shall be vertical, horizontal, or
both or, when necessary, of such other form as required to
provide complete separation between occupancy divisions in
the building.
• Each part of such separated occupancy shall be classified
according to the specific usage as defined by Table 1.1. Types
of Occupancies.
Occupancies
Occupancies
Occupancies
Site Plan Design for Fire Fighting

Fire Access Roadways for Fire Vehicles

• Civil Defence Fire access Roadways shall be provided to every facility, every
structure and every under-construction buildings, except detached retail units,
kiosks, storerooms, snack bars, rest rooms which are less than 100 m2 and are
remotely located from predominant occupancy.
• Civil Defence Fire department access roads shall consist of Roadways, Fire Lanes,
Parking lot lanes, or a combination thereof. Such Fire Accessway shall comply with
Table 2.1. specifications.
• Fire access road shall be of concrete , asphalt or such solid surface acceptable to
Civil Defence
• When a bridge is required to be used as part of a fire department access road, it
shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with Municipality and Road
Transport Authority’s recognized standards.
• The bridge shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of
fire Vehicle, as per Table 2.1.
• Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges.
Site Plan Design for Fire Fighting
Fire Access Roadway Gate

Fire Access Roadway Gate

• Fire access Roadway Gate width shall be 4500 mm.

• Gates shall be of swinging, sliding or lifting types.
• Electric and automatic gates shall be equipped with a manual
overriding facility such that Civil Defence personnel can open
the gate during power failures and emergencies.
• Locks shall not be installed on Fire access road gates unless it
is attended continuously by security guards or keys are located
on-site and the gates may be readily unlocked.
Fire Access Roadway Gate
Fire Access Roadway Gate

• Accessway and fire engine access road shall be kept

clear of obstructions and other protruded parts of the
building, plants, trees or other fixtures such that they
do not obstruct the path between the accessway and
access openings of the building.
• Note: The podium edge is obstructing the reach of the
boom of fire engine to 4th storey. Other obstructions
could be roadside trees, entrance porch etc. To allow
full extension of aerial ladders at a safe climbing or
elevation angle Ø of 60 to 80 degrees, sufficient space
is needed to position the fire engine. Such
obstructions should be avoided for buildings without
firefighting lifts and firefighting lobbies. Public road
may be used as hard standing by fire engine, provided
the edge of the public road to the facade of the
building where access openings are located is not
exceeding 10m. See Figure 2.4.
Turning Facilities for Fire Vehicles

• Maximum Dead End allowed on Fire Accessway is 45 m. Where Fire Accessway dead end
exceeds 45 m, a Turning Facility shall be provided. Such Turning facility can be U Turn, Y-
Turn, T-Turn or Roundabout.
• U-Turn and Roundabout: U-Turn and Roundabout specifications shall be as shown in
Figure 2.5.
Turning Facilities for Fire Vehicles

• T-Turn specifications shall be as shown in Figure 2.6

Turning Facilities for Fire Vehicles

• Y-Turn specifications shall be as shown in Figure 2.7.

Extent of Fire Vehicle Access around the building

• The accesssway shall have a minimum width of 6 m throughout. Such accessway must be
able to accommodate the entry and maneuvering of fire engine, extended ladders,
pumping appliances, aerial appliances, turntable and / or hydraulic platforms.
• Accessway shall be positioned so that the nearer edge shall be not less than 2 m or more
than 10 m from the building, measured horizontally.
Commercial Villa (Group of Villas/ Housing Development)

• For cluster housing developments (with shared communal facilities) fire engine accessway
with a minimum 6 m width shall be provided to within a travel distance of 60 m from
every point on the projected plan area of any building in the housing developments. See
Figure 2.10. for illustrations.
Midrise buildings (Having height more than 15 m but less than 23 m and not
Sprinkler protected)

• For Midrise buildings exceeding the habitable height of 15 m, accessway shall be

provided. Accessway shall be provided based on the gross floor area (including toilets,
stores, circulation areas, etc.) of the building footprint projected onto ground level. For
Midrise buildings without Sprinkler protection, the extent of Fire access shall be as shown
in Table 2.3.
Midrise, Highrise and Super Highrise buildings
Perimeter Fire Access
Waterfront Properties

• For all water front properties, the fire access road shall comply with Table 2.8.
Fire Lift Lobby (Fire Man’s Lift Lobby)
• All Super Highrise buildings (Having height greater than 90 m from the Fire access level)
shall have “Fire Fighter’s Lift Lobby” as per Chapter 1., Table 1.9.38. See figure 2.15. The
fire lift lobby shall be enclosed with a smoke barrier having a minimum 1-hour fire-
resistance rating.
• Before a fire can be fought by fire-fighters, they need a dedicated space where they
gather their equipment such as lengths of hose, branches, door opening tools etc., before
advancing to fight the fire. This requirement shall be fulfilled by a well-defined Fire Lift
Lobby where both Fire exit Stair and Fire Lift can be accessed.
• The fire fighting lobby shall have a clear floor area of not less than 9 m2 with a minimum
dimension of 2440 mm.

• Fire Lift Lobby shall be provided with a

doorway that is protected with a 60 minutes
fire door assembly.
• The fire fighting lobby shall be free of
combustible materials and ignition sources.
• There are no requirements for the Fire Lift
lobby or the fire lift shaft to be pressurized
when fire lift lobby according to this section is
provided.
Civil Defence Fire Apparatus specifications (Fire Vehicles)
Civil Defence Fire Apparatus specifications (Fire Vehicles)
Civil Defence Fire Apparatus specifications (Fire Vehicles)
Civil Defence Fire Apparatus specifications (Fire Vehicles)
Civil Defence Fire Apparatus specifications (Fire Vehicles)
Civil Defence Fire Apparatus specifications (Fire Vehicles)
Thank you
Any Question?