Ethical Leadership

Items and item loading from exploratory and confirmatory factor

analyses Note. Standardized item loadings reported for CFA. p < .001
for all loading.
Items Study 1 (EFA) Study 2 (EFA) Study 3 (CFA) Study 4 (CFA) Study
5 (CFA) Study 7 (CFA)
Listens to what employees have to say .71 .75 .75 .77 .69 .77
Disciplines employees who violate ethical
standards .49 .57 .44 .63 .69 .47
Conducts his/her personal life in an ethical
manner .66 .61 .59 .69 .76 .56
Has the best interests of employees in mind .79 .88 .83 .79 .82 .85
Makes fair and balanced decisions .88 .80 .80 .84 .86 .84
Can be trusted .87 .82 .87 .89 .86 .72
Discusses business ethics or values with
employees .49 .70 .72 .68 .57 .60
Sets an example of how to do things the right way in terms of
ethics .88 .81 .79 .87 .82 .78
Defines success not just by results but also the way that they are
obtained .77 .74 .78 .81 .75 .73
when making decisions, asks “what is the right thing to
do?” .85 .75 .73 .78 .71 .70
NNFI .97 .90 .93 .95
CFI .98 .91 .94 .95
SRMR .04 .07 .07 .06
RMSEA .06 .08 .08 .06

Work Engagement
The following 17 statements are about how you feel at work. Please
read each statement carefully and decide ifyou ever feel this way
about your job. Ifyou have never had this feeling, cross the “0”
(zero) in the space after the statement. If you have had this
feeling, indicate how often you felt it by crossing the number (from
1 to 6) that best describes how frequently you feel that way.

1. At my work, I feel bursting with energy.a (VI1)

2. 2. I find the work that I do full of meaning and purpose. (DE1)
3. 3. Time flies when I am working. (AB1)
4. 4. At my job, I feel strong and vigorous.a (VI2)
5. 5. I am enthusiastic about my job.a (DE2)
6. 6. When I am working, I forget everything else around me. (AB2)
7. 7. My job inspires me.a (DE3)
8. 8. When I get up in the morning, I feel like going to work.a (VI3)
9. I feel happy when I am working intensely.a (AB3)
9. I am proud of the work that I do.a (DE4)
10. 11. I am immersed in my work.a (AB4)
11. 12. I can continue working for very long periods at a time.
(VI4) 13. To me, my job is challenging. (DE5)
12. 14. I get carried away when I am working.a (AB5)
13. 15. At my job, I am very resilient, mentally. (VI5)
14. 16. It is difficult to detach myself from my job. (AB6)
15. 17. At my work, I always persevere, even when things do not go
well. (VI6)