FE 310 FOOD TECHNOLOGY

6 WEEK
th

THERMAL PROCESSING

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yemenicioğlu

CALCULATION OF LETHALITY FOR EXPONENTIAL
TEMPERATURE RISE
Time-temeperature history at the cold spot (Thermocouple record)
260

250

240

230
Temperature (oC)

220

210

200

190

180

170

160

150
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

Time (min)

2
 EXAMPLE PROBLEM (Cemeroğlu, 1986)

• The following data represents the temperature at the slowest heating

point in canned peas processed at the retort temperature of 250oF.

a) Calculate the lethality of this process (L=?)

b) What process time is required for an L equal to an Fo of 8.2 min?

(z=18 oF)

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 Table 1. Time-temperature change during thermal processing of canned peas (Cemeroğlu, 1986)
Time (min) Temperature (oF) Time (min) Temperature (oF)
0 150 26 247.4
1 150 27 247.8
2 155 28 248.2
3 158 29 248.5
4 163 30 248.7
5 168 31 249-COOLING
6 170 32 249
7 174 33 248
8 180 34 245
9 185 35 240
10 194 36 232
11 200 37 223
12 208 38 212
13 216 39 200
14 222 40 186
15 227 41 170
16 231 42 158
17 234 43 142
18 237 44 130
19 239
20 241
21 243
22 244
23 245
24 246
25 246.7 4
RETORT TEMPERATURE (oF), Tr

Cold-spot temperature of can (oF), Tr

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 Table 1. Time-temperature change during thermal processing of canned peas (Cemeroğlu, 1986)
Time (min) Temperature (oF) Lethality (10T-250/18) Time (min) Temperature (oF) Lethality (10T-250/18)
0 150 <0.001 26 247.4 0.720
1 150 <0.001 27 247.8 0.750
2 155 <0.001 28 248.2 0.785
3 158 <0.001 29 248.5 0.825
4 163 <0.001 30 248.7 0.850
5 168 <0.001 31 249 0.880-COOLING
6 170 <0.001 32 249 0.880
7 174 <0.001 33 248 0.774
8 180 <0.001 34 245 0.527
9 185 <0.001 35 240 0.278
10 (come-up-time) 194 <0.001 36 232 0.100
11 200 0.002 37 223 0.032
12 208 0.005 38 212 0.008
13 216 0.013 39 200 0.002
14 222 0.028 40 186 <0.001
15 227 0.052 41 170 <0.001
16 231 0.088 42 158 <0.001
17 234 0.129 43 142 <0.001
18 237 0.190 44 130 <0.001
19 239 0.245
20 241 0.316 TOTAL LETHALITY = 11.128 min
21 243 0.408
22 244 0.464 Heating time before cooling starts: 31min
23 245 0.527
24 246 0.600 6
25 246.7 0.650
 Change of Lethality during thermal processing
250 1

240 0.9

230 0.8

220 0.7
TEMPERATURE (oF)

LETHALITY (min)
210 0.6

200 0.5

190 0.4

180 0.3

170 0.2

160 0.1

150 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
TIME (min)

TEMPERATURE LETHALITY
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 LETHAL RATE CURVE

0.9

0.8

0.7
LETHALITY (min)

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
TIME (min)

8
1 box : 0.1 L x 2: 0.2L

9
22
24
26
28
29
30
31

10
22
24
26
28
29
30
31

DRAW PARALLEL COOLING CURVES TO ORİGİNAL ONE

11
12
Areas and heating time before cooling stars
Heating time before cooling starts (min) Area (box)
22 14.5
24 22.5
26 32
28 40
29 46
30 52
31 55

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 60
55
55 52

50
55 box or cm2 = 11.128 min 46
45 Fo=8.2 = 40.5 box or cm2 40
40

35 32
y = 4.6035x - 87.524
AREA (cm2)

30 R² = 0.9966
25 22.5

20
14.5
15

10

0
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
HEATING TIME BEFORE COOLING STARTS (min)
14
27.7 min heating before cooling gives Fo=8.2 mi
10 min is come up + 17.7 min heating before
cooling

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RAFFAELLO
ODALARI
(RAPHAEL,
1483-1520)

ATİNA OKULU

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