Jac Tychuaco

ILO

- ▶ List several important functions of the skin, or integumentary system.

- ▶ Identify the following skin structures on a model, image, or microscope slide: epidermis,
dermis (papillary and reticular layers), hair follicles and hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat
glands.
- ▶ Name and describe the layers of the epidermis.
- ▶ List the factors that determine skin color, and describe the function of melanin.
- ▶ Identify the major regions of nails.
- ▶ Describe the distribution and function of hairs, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
- ▶ Discuss the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
- ▶ Compare and contrast the structure and functions of the epidermis and the dermis.
SKIN SECTION
This micrograph shows three hair
follicles and globules of sebum in the
dermis (blue), with the thin epidermis
(purple) on top.
The integument of mammals consists of the skin
proper, and also the various adnexa or accessory
structures. These are hair, glands, nails, hooves, claws,
and so forth. All of these are ultimately derived from the
skin and are part of it.

Image retrieved from: doctorc.net

Image retrieved from: doctorc.net
Sensory receptors exist for cold and heat, and other sensations as well.
They look much like the tactile corpuscles. The receptor for pain
(euphemistically called a "nociceptor" from Latin, noceo, to injure or hurt)
is often a naked nerve fiber ending. These will require special stains to
be seen.
 Downward projections of epidermis (epidermal pegs) are matched to corresponding upthrusts of the
dermis (dermal ridges) forming an interlocking boundary

These pegs and ridges actually represent

"hills and valleys" cut in cross section or
oblique section

Pasquale Ciarletta and Martine Ben Amar, 2012

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2011.12.001

The interdigitation of dermal ridges and epidermal pegs is what makes the unique pattern of your
fingerprints
 A

B
C

D
 A

B
C

D
The hair grows from the hair follicle, not out of it

the hair follicle and the hair it produces are part of the epidermal
region of the skin

The follicle is separated from the underlying dermis and hypodermis by

a basement membrane, and the hair itself grows from the germinal
epithelium at the deepest part of an active follicle
EPITHELIUM
• Acts as a lining or covering for other body tissues
• Classified according to the shape and layout pattern of individual cells; by
the arrangement of cells into one or more layers
COMMON DISORDERS / DISEASES
RELATED TO THE SKIN