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Sustainable

Packaging
Unwrapped
An in-depth study of consumer perceptions
and behaviors surrounding sustainable
packaging in the UK and U.S.

© GlobalWebIndex 1
© GlobalWebIndex
Contents

Introduction 03

Why now? 05

What Matters to Consumers 12

Never Waste a Crisis: 19


the Opportunity for Brands

The Bottom Line 25

Methodology 28

Unless otherwise stated, the data in this report is taken from a bespoke survey from March
2019 among 1,589 internet users in the U.S., and 2,244 internet users in the UK aged 16-64

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The

W
hen David Attenborough issued a call Attenborough
to action to combat plastic waste in the
second series of Planet Earth II, searches Effect
for “plastic recycling” saw a dramatic uplift of 55% in
the UK. But the galvanizing impact of Attenborough’s
words extended far beyond viewers of the show, and
indeed the UK. Clutching at discarded plastic items
retrieved from the ocean, his comments came after
traumatic scenes showing the poisonous effects of
plastic waste on marine wildlife. This was enough to set
off what many have coined the Attenborough effect:
a chain of events which have resulted in the so-called
War on Plastic Waste and the wider social movement
surrounding it.

Numerous environmental documentaries, government


initiatives, corporate pledges, and shocking stories
of plastic-induced wildlife tragedies later, and the War
on Plastic Waste continues to reshape how companies
must go to market.

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There’s Sustainable packaging is no longer a nice-to-
have. It’s a must-have for any brands looking to

nowhere for
future-proof their operations against the rising
tide of consumer scrutiny.

brands to
In this report, we get to the bottom of consumer
ambitions to embrace sustainable packaging;
lifting the veil on how sustainable packaging
factors into day-to-day purchasing decisions,

hide now.
the motivations behind choosing “greener”
packaging, and what this means for brand
positioning, brand communication strategies,
and product packaging development.

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01
SE T TI NG TH E SCE N E

Why now?

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The trend toward sustainable packaging,
rooted in a larger environmentalist movement,
SUSTAINABILITY
has been gaining traction for quite some time. IN NUMBERS
53%
A number of factors have laid the groundwork say they
have
for this. Both long-term efforts on a global reduced the amount
political scale, as well as short-term catalysts
like celebrity activism and viral images of 43%
say they do
of plastic they use in
the past 12 months

environmental destruction, have all had their not take into


part to play in influencing consumer opinions in
42%
consideration a product’s say products
favor of sustainability. packaging before that use
ordering online recycled/sustainable
materials are important
in their day-to-day
shopping

72%
say
products

28%
that are affordable are say they
important in their day- do not
to-day shopping have sufficient
information about
which packaging can
be recycled from the
products they buy

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Growing consumer demand

It’s not only a demand for sustainability And they’re not just all talk — they’re also WOULD YOU PAY MORE FOR ECO-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS?
that has grown, but also a willingness taking action. In a recent bespoke survey % of global internet users who say they would pay more for sustainable products
among consumers to put their money among U.S. and UK internet users, we
where their mouth is. At a global level, asked consumers if they’ve made any
we’ve seen the number of consumers who changes to their usage of single-use
say they would be willing to pay more for plastic in the past year. We found the
sustainable/eco-friendly products grow steps taken have been largely positive,
from 49% in 2011 to 57% in 2018. with the majority of consumers trying to
cut down on their usage of disposable
plastic.

Question: To what extent do you either


agree or strongly agree with the statement
“I would pay more for sustainable / eco-
friendly products” Base: 1,711,325 internet
users aged 16-64 Source: GlobalWebIndex
2011-2018 (averages of all waves conducted
in each year)

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Over 50% of
CHANGING PLASTIC PACKAGING CONSUMPTION IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS
% who say they have done the following in the last 12 months

consumers said that


they’ve reduced
the amount of
disposable plastic
they use.

Question: When comparing today versus


12 months ago, which of the following
apply to you and your use of single-use, or
disposable, plastics… Base: 1,589 (U.S) and
2,244 (UK) internet users aged 16-64 Source:
GlobalWebIndex March 2019

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Increased global initiatives

1988 1997 2016 2017


UNIPCC Kyoto Paris Climate United States’
Protocol Agreement withdrawal
The creation of the UN The establishment of the Kyoto The historic Paris Climate When the United States’ withdrew
Intergovernmental Panel on Protocol in 1997 set carbon- Agreement, garnered massive from the Agreement in 2017,
Climate Change in the late 1980s emission reduction targets for attention when it came into effect it sent shock waves through the
signaled a new era of global efforts the member parties. Recognizing in 2016 and, through its ambitious world. Their withdrawal further
to reduce the destructive human that developed countries targets, highlighted just how heightened concerns about the
impact on our environment. The have historically made a larger pressing the need to address future of the environment, as such
now-195 member parties of the contribution to climate change due climate change really is. a massive contributor to climate
UNIPCC have met to discuss to industrialization, the agreement change had chosen indifference
climate action for 23 Conferences places a greater burden on these rather than action.
of the Parties (COPs), have countries to cut back on emissions.
overseen breakthrough research The United States withdrew from
on climate change’s future impact this agreement in 2001.
on the planet, and have enacted
multiple initiatives to reduce carbon
emissions on a global scale.

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Environmentalist
Question: Which of the
In addition to increased intergovernmental Years of Living Dangerously documentary and following information
efforts to mitigate the effects of climate media project tackling climate issues. sources has the biggest

media and high-


impact in influencing
change, consumers have been targeted by your views on plastic
a growing body of educational media and Additionally, the spread of viral media waste, sustainability,
etc.? Base: 1,589 (U.S)
activism. The proliferation of high-profile showcasing the degradation of our

profile activism
and 2,244 (UK) internet
environmental documentaries, such as Before environment has been both explosive users aged 16-64 Source:
GlobalWebIndex March
the Flood, Cowspiracy, and – the one that and effective in furthering the movement. 2019
started it all – An Inconvenient Truth, over Notable examples include the award-winning
the last number of years have broadened photograph of a seahorse holding a cotton

News/media stories and public awareness of the issue in ways that swab amidst a sea of plastic debris and, more
the scientific community alone never could. recently, the news story of a whale that died
documentaries are among Celebrity activism around climate change after swallowing 88 pounds of plastic bags.
the most influential sources has grown in tandem with this. Before the Perhaps the best example, however, is the

impacting consumers’ Flood featured one of the most vocal celebrity video of a marine biologist removing a straw
climate activists, Leonardo DiCaprio, as a from the nose of a sea turtle. After going viral,
views on plastic waste and key contributor. Other celebrities like Arnold this video affected the public consciousness
sustainability. Schwarzenegger, Gisele Bündchen and
Sigourney Weaver have all been part of the
so heavily that it helped catalyze the recent
global movement to ban plastic straws.

MOST INFLUENTIAL Media Sources Accredited Sources Social Sources


SOURCES OF
INFORMATION
ON SUSTAINABILITY

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Social media and the In the age of
culture of accountability
social media,
The impact of a single video
like the sea turtle and the plastic
With this in mind, the time is
ripe for brands to respond to brands are
being held
straw demonstrates how integral growing consumer demands
social media has been in helping for environmental sustainability
spread this trend. Social media in a genuine and impactful way.

accountable
also plays a crucial role of holding Because the consequences of
public figures – be it corporations, the alternative – being exposed
celebrities, or politicians – for environmentally damaging

in ways not
accountable for their actions in business practices – can be dire.
a way that was previously not Reduced packaging, innovative
possible. In the past, a scandal design, and using recyclable
like United Airlines’ flight staff materials – the list of potential

possible before.
dragging a passenger off of a solutions goes on and on. In the
plane might have gone unnoticed. next section of this report, we
Now a single incident, recorded delve into the possibilities further
and shared millions of times over, and examine what consumers
has the potential to damage a really value when looking toward
brand significantly. brands to practice sustainability.

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02
A SK TH E AU DI E NCE:

What
Matters to
Consumers

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Sustainable packaging
is important, to a point
With plastic waste increasingly organic ingredients are two of
under the microscope, consumers the least important factors for
are re-examining their buying consumers. A few years ago, we
behavior and consumption of would have likely seen a very
single-use plastics. But in the different picture when organic
grand scheme of things, just and fair trade were two words
It’s clear that even how important are sustainable
materials to consumers?
flooding the industry. According
to Google Trends, fair trade as a
though sustainable In our research, we discovered
topic reached a peak at the end of
2005 and at the end of 2007, but
materials are that 42% of U.S. and UK
consumers say products that
has been slowly declining since
then. This shows that trends have
important, the use sustainable materials are
important when it comes to their
a life cycle to some degree and
have varying levels of importance
cost is the biggest day-to-day purchases. too. One of the reasons plastic is
under the spotlight is because its
challenger by far. Our data also reveals that fair-
trade products and natural/
detrimental effects are so visible
and widespread.

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THE IMPORTANCE
OF SUSTAINABLE
MATERIALS
FOR CONSUMERS

% who say the following are


important when it comes to
their day-to-day purchases

Question: When it comes to your day-to-


day purchases (e.g. groceries, household
products, personal hygiene products etc.),
which of the following are important to you?
Base: 1,589 (U.S) and 2,244 (UK) internet
users aged 16-64 Source: GlobalWebIndex
March 2019

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Question: When it comes to
Price and brand trust are the most Younger audiences are also more THE CONFLICT BETWEEN AFFORDABILITY your day-to-day purchases
important considerations for engaged with social media and more AND ECO-CONSCIOUSNESS (e.g. groceries, household
products, personal hygiene
consumers above all else. And there’s easily influenced by other people’s % who say the following are important when it comes to their products etc.), which of the
an obvious conflict when it comes to opinions; our data shows that 4 in 10 day-to-day purchases following are important
to you? Base: 1,589 (U.S)
consumers’ desire to use sustainable Gen Zers say they are easily swayed and 2,244 (UK) internet
materials versus what they’re willing to by other people’s opinion. Their users aged 16-64 Source:
GlobalWebIndex March 2019
spend or what they’re able to afford. increased exposure to social media
This tension between sustainability and and impressionability has magnified
affordability really comes to light when the plastics revolution. Additionally,
we look at the data by age. there are likely several other factors at
play here, such as levels of disposable
As consumers get older, the gap income and family situation.
between affordability and sustainability
increases. For example, affordability is Consumers are price-conscious
more important for consumers aged primarily, and this presents a significant
55-64 than it is for consumers aged challenge for manufacturers and brands
16-24. In fact, there’s a 20 percentage- to overcome. Environmentally-friendly
point difference between the age alternatives tend to have a higher cost
groups when it comes to affordable attached to them, so unless there’s a
products. Clearly, sustainable materials way to avoid passing these extra costs
are more of a consideration for on to the consumer, brands may face
younger consumers. This might partly an uphill battle getting consumers on
be because younger generations board, at least in the short term. Even
grew up during the height of the if consumers have the best intentions
sustainability crisis and are generally — price remains an issue. The difficulty
considered to be more eco-conscious will not just be finding suitable
than their older counterparts. alternatives to plastic, but at a price
point that will appeal to consumers.

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Why do consumers care
about eco-packaging?

73% of U.S. consumers


Over five decades ago, plastic was From our data, we can see consumers
hailed as a revolutionary material: support sustainable packaging for fairly
cheap, durable, lightweight, and used sincere reasons. They’re not necessarily
for practically everything. doing it to be a part of a global
movement or because it’s expected of who care about
sustainable packaging
Nowadays, the sentiment has them.
dramatically shifted, and the threat
that plastic has on the environment In both the UK and U.S., care for

say it’s important to


and wildlife is staggering. At the end the environment is the primary
of 2018, the Royal Statistical Society driver behind choosing sustainable
in Britain announced their stat of the packaging.
year: 90.5% – the proportion of plastic
waste that has never been recycled; a Beyond a general concern for the them because they’re
concerned about
sobering thought. environment, in the UK, motivations for
buying sustainable packaging are more
There’s a wealth of discussion self-directed; focused on reducing

the future of the


surrounding sustainability and plastic, waste for personal reasons. In the U.S.,
and what we should or shouldn’t be motivations are more public-minded,
doing. It’s easy to see why it might be with consumers more willing to actively
possible to get swept away by societal
expectations, and not what consumers
genuinely believe or want. We decided
support companies or to set a positive
example to friends and family. environment.
to get to the bottom of this matter and
uncover why consumers care about
eco-packaging.

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MOTIVATIONS BEHIND CHOOSING “GREENER” PACKAGING
% who say sustainable packaging is important for the following reasons

U.S. UK

Question: Why is sustainable Question: Why is sustainable


packaging important to you packaging important to you
in your day-to-day purchases? in your day-to-day purchases?
Base: 654 U.S. internet users Base: 1,000 (UK) internet users
aged 16-64 who say sustainable aged 16-64 who say sustainable
materials are important Source: materials are important Source:
GlobalWebIndex March 2019 GlobalWebIndex March 2019

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Brand loyalty is
put to the test
Consumers are paying more attention to all aspects of % who say they agree or “If I realize that a brand/product I use
the supply chain; from production, delivery, through to disagree with the following isn’t environmentally friendly, I’m
disposal. They’re actively learning, becoming more aware statement likely to switch to a brand that is”
of environmental issues, and aren’t afraid to question
a brand’s sustainability claims or the role brands have.
They’re there with a watchful eye and this is something
brands need to carefully consider.

We’ve discovered that when sustainability enters the


equation, it’s putting brand loyalty under immense strain.

This should be a wake-up call for manufacturers and 61% of consumers say
brands. Sustainability isn’t just another buzzword.
Consumers genuinely care, and they’re expecting more they’re likely to switch
from brands than ever before. to a brand that is
There is a long way to go and sizeable challenges to more environmentally
overcome, such as the availability of alternative materials
and price. But brands need to continue working hard friendly than their
on incorporating sustainability into their DNA and being
open and honest with consumers along the way. It’s no
current brand.
longer an afterthought, but a must.

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03
I N DUS TRY FOCUS

Never Waste
a Crisis: the
Opportunity
for Brands

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Taking the Pledge

Consumers are putting more scrutiny on brands and


their products than ever. They’re looking beyond just
the product on the shelf into all parts of the production
chain, helped by the virality of campaigns and messages
on social media. Consumer mindsets are guided
mostly by media sources and peer groups, though 1 in
4 internet users say brand messaging has the biggest
impact in guiding their views on sustainability. But for
the most part, brands aren’t setting the agenda. The
movement against plastic is coming from elsewhere, and
brands will have to respond as the pressure builds.

Most brands have responded by pledging to clean up


their act in the next decade. One of the most popular
targets is the pledge laid down by the Ellen MacArthur
Foundation, which compels brands to have 100%
recyclable, reusable, or compostable packaging by
2025. Let’s imagine a brand aiming for that commitment.
The goal may be clear, but there are many paths that
could be taken to reach it. So how could that brand
meet the standards expected of them, and connect
with sustainability-driven consumers, all while adding a
positive brand value?

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WHAT CONSUMERS WANT FROM ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PACKAGING
% who say the following types of packaging are important to them

Packaging that Packaging that Products that Compostable/ Packaging made from Easy to separate different
is recyclable is reusable don’t overpackage biodegradable packaging renewable resources materials for disposal

64% 53% 46% 39% 36% 35%

Finding the path


To get insight into this, we asked what specific factors Question: When it comes to
packaging that is environmentally
about sustainable packaging were most important to friendly, which of the following
consumers. factors are important to you?

to sustainability
Base: 1,589 (U.S) and 2,244 (UK)
internet users aged 16-64 Source:
Of these factors, we found that consumers identified GlobalWebIndex March 2019

recyclability as the most important to them. Even as


more pioneering packaging moves from the lab onto the
production line, consumers respond strongest to a more
old-fashioned solution. It’s a similar story when we look
at packaging full stop – consumers are more interested
in recyclability than anything else – more than even its
design or ease-of-use.
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2 in 3 consumers think
brands that make a public
promise to be sustainable
are more trustworthy THE RECYCLING
KNOWLEDGE GAP

Thinking about that roadmap to 2025, and the


pledge to make packaging “recyclable, reusable, or
compostable” in that timeframe, it’s the first of the
three that resonates most with consumers. This may
be because the hard work of educating consumers
has been helped by years of government
campaigns, but there are still many consumers
who feel there isn’t sufficient information about % who think they have
recycling on the packaging of their products. 3 sufficient info about what
packaging can be recycled in
in 10 consumers don’t feel they have enough the products they buy
information about what packaging can be
recycled, and of those, 41% say it’s because brand Question: Do you feel
campaigns don’t give them enough information. you have sufficient
information about
There’s an interesting split by gender, as men which packaging can
are much more likely to say they have enough be recycled from the
products you buy?
information about what packaging can be recycled. Base: 1,589 (U.S) and
This knowledge gap about what can be properly 2,244 (UK) internet users
aged 16-64 Source:
recycled is a great chance to pair education with GlobalWebIndex March
strong brand messaging, particularly among 2019

women, who tend to feel less confident that they


have enough information.

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Don’t let an opportunity But for the time being, with price concerns

go to waste
biting on packaging manufacturers, a
recycling-friendly approach can bolster
marketing messages by empowering
consumers. Perhaps consumers actually
want some kind of responsibility. They
don’t necessarily want to have all the
As Aedamar Howlett, marketing director work done for them; they want some
for Coca-Cola has pointed out, using investment in the process. Recycling
sustainable packaging and encouraging can let consumers feel they’ve taken an
recycling goes beyond just inspiring active role in protecting the planet. This
a purchase, or following standards of means providing packaging that’s not just
corporate responsibility. Disposing of recyclable, but transparent about how to
a product isn’t something you see in do so.
most diagrams or descriptions of the
purchase journey (when have you ever Recycling isn’t the only solution that
heard someone talk about “the disposal consumers respond to, though.
stage”?), but it offers a great opportunity Consumers identify it as the most
for creating a shared experience with important packaging feature in both the
a consumer. Those brands that are UK and U.S., but there are differences
transparent and informative about how to worth considering. The reuse trend has
recycle their products, and innovative in more of a foothold in the U.S., with more
doing so, are well-placed to benefit. consumers saying they want packaging
they can use for something else after.
Some new packaging solutions are Compostable/biodegradable packaging
designed to remove all responsibility from is more important to them as well.
the end user. Jem Materials launched a Consumers in the U.S. may respond better
new form of completely biodegradable to those sorts of innovative packaging
packaging in February 2019 that does solutions, while in the UK, consumers
precisely this. It may be the case that in prefer an absence of packaging, and if it is
the future, this becomes the only kind of there, for it to be recyclable above all.
fully sustainable solution for packaging
that can match demand for fast-moving
consumer goods.

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TRE N D I N AC TION

The Crisp Packet


Recycling Scheme

PARTICIPATING LOCATIONS WASTE RECYCLED


9,200 1,299,104

Recent brand partnerships with innovative waste management


company TerraCycle show how these consumer insights can
be tackled in practice. A new scheme called Loop brings the
milkman approach to a range of consumer goods, whereby
products like shampoo and ice cream are left at a consumer’s
door to be used and refilled. In the UK, TerraCycle’s tie-up with
snacks brand Walkers saw them rollout a network of recycling
bins across the country, in response to a campaign criticizing
the brand for using plastic packaging. Walkers’ strategy is a
useful case study for showing how the media sets an agenda
brands have to respond to, but how brands can in turn respond
by pairing marketing with corporate responsibility.

© GlobalWebIndex 24
04

The
Bottom
Line
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Too big to fail

If consumer buying decisions are It’s helpful to consider here a


constrained by the options on the forerunner to the war on plastic

No matter how
shelf before them, then despite packaging – the Montreal Protocol
the growing industry interest in the late 1980s, which aimed
in sustainable packaging, the to phase out the production of

determined they
options are still currently weighted substances harmful to the ozone
against them. layer under an international
treaty. In the wake of this global

are to “do their bit” In any normal scenario, this


would seriously stifle the growth
agreement, a coordinated effort
from governments, NGOs,

and ditch plastic


potential of such a movement. industries and consumer
But such is the growing global behaviors collectively resulted in
social stigma against any chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) being

packaging, their
company which disregards this phased out of production.
war on plastic packaging, that
consumer-facing industries have The parallels between then and

ambitions go only as no choice but to act. If they


don’t, they risk being highly-
now are clear. But the speed and
momentum with which social

far as their budgets


exposed to consumer opinion movements take root are much
and news media campaigns more rapid thanks to social media.
which are quick to rally against As a result, the driving force behind

and what’s laid out


any guilty parties, potentially making this movement global
ruining brand reputations. now comes at the grassroots from
consumers themselves, not just

in front of them. transnational organizations like the


United Nations.

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A new playing field

This has meant that unlike with the making gestures. The Ellen
Montreal Protocol three decades MacArthur Foundation pledge
ago, the velocity of the anti-plastic provides brands with an important
movement has caught brands off- vehicle to work towards this goal,
guard, and the pressure is stemming but why not take some competitive
directly from the people who are advantage and implement this into a
putting money in their pockets – the creative marketing strategy?
consumers.

With brand loyalty in the firing


Tackling the issue of affordability
in sustainable packaging initiatives This kind of
thinking will
line, and industry bottom lines is the key to unlocking consumer
in jeopardy, the incentives for adoption at scale, but brands that
companies to fall into line are simply focus on the recyclability

separate the brands


mounting by the day. Transparency issue – not discounting the
and accountability are both terms importance of this issue – are
which get thrown around. But missing an opportunity. That
with the GDPR, privacy scandals
and environmental shaming
opportunity entails engaging
the consumer. This means letting which choose to
ride the anti-plastic
throwing brands onto the backfoot, them play an active part in moving
companies are now having to towards a sustainable future, and
operate in a new environment educating them at the same time.

current, and the


which is increasingly empowering Innovative packaging solutions
the voice of the consumer, so they which target this desire to be part
need to begin taking these terms of something bigger could help to
seriously. increase the demand for sustainable
packaging solutions, and set new brands which excel
through innovation.
This means taking action against standards for utility and design in
plastic packaging, and not just packaging.

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Methodology
Our Research Our Quotas

As part of our ongoing global To ensure that our research is


Unless otherwise stated, the
research, each year GlobalWebIndex reflective of the online population
data in this report is taken from interviews over 550,000 internet in each market, we set appropriate
a bespoke survey from March users aged 16-64 across 45 markets. quotas on age, gender and education
2019 among 1,589 internet Respondents complete an online – meaning that we interview
questionnaire that asks them a wide representative numbers of men vs
users in the U.S., and 2,244 range of questions about their lives, women, of 16-24s, 25-34s, 35-44s, 45-
internet users in the UK. Please lifestyles and digital behaviors. 54s and 55-64s, and of people with
note, where clearly stated, this We source these respondents secondary vs tertiary education.
in partnership with a number of
report also draws insights from industry-leading panel providers. To do this, we conduct research across
GlobalWebIndex’s ongoing Each respondent who takes a a range of international and national
global Core research. GlobalWebIndex survey is assigned sources, including the World Bank,
a unique and persistent identifier the ITU, the International Labour
regardless of the site/panel to which Organization, the CIA Factbook,
they belong and no respondent can Eurostat, the US Bureau of Labor
For an in-depth explanation participate in our survey more than Statistics as well as a range of national
of GlobalWebIndex’s research once a year (with the exception of statistics sources, government
and methodology, including internet users in Egypt, Saudi Arabia departments and other credible and
and the UAE, where respondents are robust third-party sources.
information on our country allowed to complete the survey at
coverage, internet penetration 6-month intervals). This research is also used to calculate
rates, our sample structures, and the “weight” of each respondent;
that is, approximately how many
much more, please click here. people (of the same gender, age
and educational attainment) are
represented by their responses.

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Nisa Bayindir Chase Buckle Katie Gilsenan Chris Beer Virna Sekuj
Director of Global Insights Trends Manager Senior Trends Analyst Senior Trends Analyst Senior Insights Analyst

nisa@globalwebindex.com chase@globalwebindex.com katie.gilsenan@globalwebindex.com chris@globalwebindex.com virna.sekuj@globalwebindex.com

www.globalwebindex.com

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© GlobalWebIndex 29

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