Bolzano's theorem If continuous function has values of opposite sign inside an interval, then it has at least ‘one root in that interval. Let f(x) be a continuous function defined in an interval [a,b]. Then, if f{a)-f(b)<0 (therefore, fla) <0 and f(b) > 0 or f(a) >0 and f(b) <0), there exists at least a point inside the interval (a,b) such that f(c)=0. cetenr — 8E=S x fe Lows Gr Ka2. = e x ~~ \W@ f' (x) is strictly decreasing in the interval [1, co) on ase NONs OMe “Og. Luet.(-y ‘ VOR RL) + ER) — hy Jets) So = =i wee <0 wy XSITE Ss ® woe \ Ya) 7 FCI FH7\ ~~ YOY w de dee \ MATHSMERIZINGSAM= ama} BL (9% for all x in the interval [1, oo ), f(x +2)—f(x) >2 = ip ~ ~~ \@Y f(x) is strictly decreasing in the interval [1, co ) Ym Yoce ERIS OSs) Moos RMR CRS) + RGR) — sh Jets) ¥s\<¥ XM “ 7 inl, LM= ae <0 a ~ ‘ = = Kee ‘ > NOY w x dee Se 7 FO YO?) LOT § O42) — SX) =< g On K =~ Soya) —§$7L Car) MATHSMERIZINGrove thatthe expression Sle+h)=fley+hfe+On) where 0<0-<1 phates Mae peste § 4 an equivalent form of the mean-value theorem. Find the value of @ in terms of rand h when f(c) = 2% ee Yas? . on ce Om) Vicor = Sr -f i Ow ye ew \reo ce Oe) ce BR BEN) S) ae OW) = § Gey - S&>) Ww KOH SO +H YL OSH dnd REAM isc = MATHSMERIZING2 S' (ae Oh) = § Geany - $6) som Ww = $e s SOHENS Go FEMS) Gants 4K. BOON Ra aD xO aber UF 4AN8%) Rate = 3 OK PU WadRe BEN 4 OOK WS 42K8 = O64) =05,Rane Be aot aX a Wet FW Andy) WR 0 = s8¥4 Ode WARE BHM + COR WS x an8 - (ay) =0 R= Thane -w dn Kim B= L Eloy Ly = Q= *aM, ed XN _e aa ey MATHSMERIZING‘Cauchy"s Mean Value Theorem or extended mean value theorem ifthe fmctions fend g are both continous onthe close interval [pb] and cifferentiable on the ‘open interval (a,b), then there exists somea}in the open interval (a, 6), stch that (7 = fa) L(a))9(0) = (9(6) = 90) F (6). if g(a) g(b) and g'(c) # 0, this is equivalent to: = FF - fla) —IFO) ~~ Hy" peak MATHSMERIZINGExample 1.) _ Find whether the functions f(x) = x ba-\w) & Bo-5 —2x+3 and g(x)=x?—7x?+20x—5 satisfy the conditions of the Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem in the interval (1,4) and find the corresponding value of c. ce eu SMy= fo + w& yw aw ago os, Me =. Y ease ae a, GL-M = SC We D0 BWIA H Wao oH be en ow Cy € OM) MATHSMERIZINGLet f(x) and g(x) be two differentiable functions and {2)=8, g(2)= 0, '4)= 1Oand g(4)=8, then prove that g(x) =4 £'(x) for atleast one xe (2, 4) SO =T_ {Wao MM=Vo Yu =B ‘ s =) = Sw- sy) AE Wa) y vw) W>- Soe = We) AUSEY a > > = Wo Usp) Q w MATHSMERIZING4 Fox cry tice ete etn £: B+ [2h Hp’ + (C10) = 85, whic fe fowing ‘statement(s) is (are) TRUE ? 2Ere way 0 AG, There existe. 8 € R. where r se ABD Ag ft) Ec) MO)= Fer — 8) on HRD = LEEDS < VEO N AMEN ¢ | \km\= ERS \s ee 2 we’ “ as Vi SaaS Te ote + GO GONE Sots ee WEG SW Wa choi s ~» Xi\odee CBS) a ong ney MATHSMERIZING\$ooy = \RDeSeoy < EO “S SA —— sen? a \S Orer\ Sh Lak rds Gan a : + wey Ys Qe Bs om. a Groh Be Sal Ou ‘ACAD = Greats bor ws wy) Sw =< \So)\ Ss WoK) SS ~> Siodeo CBS) a ong Ca & LO) 4) Seat Xeeu Wie = Gata Seas” os, SSS Oe Cased -. = Ard MABE Meng BY) WR S69 MWFS Gel) {Wet =o MATHSMERIZING8. Let. a,b,cbe non-zero real numbers such that Jit cos! ax? + bat exe = [5 + e088 (ax? + bat onde ‘Then, the quadratic equation + brs (@) no root in (0,2) Ohas FasRat one root in (2) (© adouble root in (0, 2) (@) two imaginary roots % 33) = Cee Us A) Cagter ox 40) de Gers | Ox ote) Lost Ls ‘ Qe Umday tax 40 doe os SM) ¢ er tay Coto ade SAX) = SAL) 7 § =o mm WL woegayemm CRAM LOX Atte = 0 MATHSMERIZINGLet be continuous on the interval (0, 1] to R such that f (0) =f (1). Prove that there exists a point ¢ in [a] araationrer) ~ i =— s Nee gir = 8M — SHY) Qrer= Me = 4) QQE)= FOR — $6 = 8-40 = Bory Ga) So > ce (Oy) gom 9» & COs SCGr ®), sc Btn MATHSMERIZING.16) is differentiable fanction and g(x) is a double difeeniable faction soch that [£4 | <1 and £13) = (0). EO) #40) =9. Prove that thee exits some c € (3,3) such that g ©) FD. Pror~ Lo =9 . For = 9-4 BY <9 > MAS oes LMAVT ff) Lot) QE IB) \$ cas Vos) < \SON+ ON Cg 3 =n Wor 3 ai on key Lad BEEHR wnsgapunm VACA = VY Cq>\= (SENERE)) « Veen c a MATHSMERIZING 3 = 3-y ou - , LNvT Soe) Lost} QE Wd) \ Carl= pe € \SON+ ION Cg 3 =o S89 \A x. wv S$) Fb VAN = VHGy= SH] s mc QED? WEL APT. ay © QED —- My ce iG) “ce So CEH) QW Y LOSS ATV t MATHSMERIZINGSuppose that f (2) = Land f' (zx) <5 forall values of x. Sy Determine a lower bound for F(—2).= =e Determine an upper bound for f(5)- for, f= a-ay N= SCA) 2 a5 SAR) 7 AX << SiG) = SUsr —S) << TA s x4 SUS) SVG 8 ey MATHSMERIZINGA (0,1) Lagranges Mean ‘Value theorem is NOT applicable (20038) ; 1 = - M0). “a HS) 0 $OF)-$@)=0 (b+ y ae ‘ fm Lond 2 sin x Si) = j = , © fof ie AQ ANe@) %74, L x=0 ‘ - wines © S@)=xh| ~ SW )=3 FE - . Aov=\ WD. oF K>= @ Feaab— BEN some oy yes ow N\ /, Loy MATHSMERIZINGLetts) ng be hr cons chet” 6) 4) 2 gets. Stow et Dbersee any two teal soltions off (9) = 0, thee is a East one ef eG)=0. te Lake un omure otk: WO SH [=o & Rie 9 difforontinble function such that £°G9)>2/¢)farallxe Rand f)=1 then 2017 Atv) w7o yg > aye QE? QYod , SG) —-& fe) Po Enon)? \ me Mp) —A EMS LG) P ee St) 8 “Mee = S7 & a Cem Se SAITO Sana ado Lak qinns eR 8 ~™ §1G020 ae ey Sey MATHSMERIZINGfunetion such that f(a) a Y= Gitta Show Kaye & CMD 4) ys B Le Ws 9 hoo — arent 4 wae YY axreo 3 vam 4 YO? Ante) 2 aNS07% “sor = &k\eorwe 6 wos MATHSMERIZING6. 1b >o, then the equation (xa) («—6)-1 =0has (@) both roots in (a8) (2000, 10 both roots in (~ «, a) fahren ino) Siz CRO) OW) A Aérepe roo in (-»,a) and the other in (b=) So 24 AM) EA » s ¢ oh b > c>d then prove the equation (x~a) (x~c) + 2(x—b) (x— d)=Owill ve two real and distinct roots. fr) = Gray Ge) {RO DIORA) SOQ) = ACH») C-d) PO SW> Wo-ay We-) <0 a oy => SO 4)<0 7 & eae AES Yn WAH) G2 WEVA) Od be conimons ina. ]. Soppose that (3) ests and f(a) < forall € a, 2) If Lavy ba,od Fours Stor - Seay <\ = < roy eq SQ a Ke) SO = Lavi Lee) Yay GOV- £9) gy ar Biny ees a Sie) Zo = MATHSMERIZINGLeta bs bees rember ach at, common a] and lente (ag. Abof, increasing in (a, ©) Prove that e-TD+O-9fO>e-tO) LAs Loyd Lew GD Scare y= So Yq = ko —$) we oe. & © By ae Oye AS S$ Cay CMa) §0I—- FO 6 Sey _ go Se a MATHSMERIZING:Ls Lost wr GD Scare Ssy— 4) Yeyy= fos we oe. & © Mm) Rae Hyer Qe Say NGay S&sy— LO) < Sto -S») os. CS) SOI CcWgy Klay < On-a) FER) — Qeay Sb) Keay §y < Gray See 4 eile MATHSMERIZINGProve that f fis dferemiabe on [a,b] and (a) =£(b) = Othen fr any eal a heres an x € (a, 8) such hat fQ)+f'@)=0. — 7 Lek Qo = SK SG) ome 2 day) 2% YH =o Q=e AG Muy Yas —= oe s We) +e EGY. hao = Soo4+e Se =, ee By MATHSMERIZINGLetf be continous on [ab] and ifereniable on (a). Iff(a)= a and (b) =, show thatthere exist, int cin, b) ctf) +P) = 2 Let. Ste ls, 2) (ese. ) SiCeoe SCBz— So) 8 Gays A= ) = = c Qe S57 Cae Cee, ) Cay a May = Alyy) — Kt) = Wrqj = y Cara S Gay \ MAT ASNERINGUsing LMLVT. or otherwise prove that diference of square root of two consecutive natural mmbers pean tne Ny > NX Yan - Web BN. ek fm. Lavan ‘ = we — ce ialiaie = = n-& = ae ow Wer - wh < Xo owe x i yee ese ans MATHSMERIZING xQ4S Lee fs R-+ 0.1) bea continsous function, Then, which ofthe fllosing fiction) ha(havs) the valve rave Bae nthe DP @ ger 8-H hej gniara Pr -769) ® . ns yw — io) co Dh ylare [ stosinear OTS f sinned Qe - LY TO So. BD —* WGA 0 fr allx € R. and —_ then aires mo0V xe (a, b), then: ert") < 0 for some c € (a, b) (b) f” (c)> OV ce (a,b) (@) f(c)=0 for some c € (a, b) (d) none of these Shay = §%) =0 40 Sons ess} a swoose _—Z MATHSMERIZING(Problem 28) If f" be continuous on [a, b] and derivable on (a, b), then prove that b= = 3 fb) - fa) - (3) (F(@) + Fy} =- C= Fa) 12 for some real number d between a and b. Lak eQins Sle = May — OSS) GIO? x4 oy +O? {eine YW =o roy] ley — S10) — yoy erste SS ATA CHa, la AK LE = FEN) = Gead 8G) HW Oost ee cae Wa) =o Wery= 0 MATHSMERIZING: ~ CEM gteaws y Weve al PepSNS RODS SVT FEI ry Cena SS Cod AIA CCah, c& Wy) Asoas & (a cep Son LO Aare} = Hor) - | C Wa) = WKY: O Aacwo WW Wey = S = &OMD My — YEP) HER OPA) TASC) 4 3 Oot —% Wray SN (a) 4 GR BO) =o ES w Ay - May — & Ma GY 64) 4809) = X bra} say MATHSMERIZING