COGNITIONS PRIVATE LIMITED

"WONDERFUL LD OF MATHEMATICS"

Ihis book will ensure fiot you excel in JEE Advonced,

J EE Moin, Boords ond Other Engineering

[nlronre Exoms
ilf
Closs Xl & Xll

Three Dimensional Geometry

 INTRODUCTION

This book r.s based on our experience over the past few
yearc. This material covers extensively the fundamental
prinbiples and concepts involved, solved problems which
highlight the application of fhese concepts, exercises and
assignments for practice by the students.

ln order to get maximum benefit from this material, 'word of

Advice'given overleaf has to be carefully followed.

The book besrdes I\TJEE witl also prove useful to students

for other Engineering examinafrrcns as well as their school
cuniculum.

Wishing you all success.

:l
 AWORD OFADVICE

Try to do the solved problems and exercises given, after

completion of related topics in the chapter. Attempt the
assignments.

The purpose of the assignments is ta give you a practice in

solving various levels and varieties of problems. Each problem
has some important concept which it highlighx. When you do a
problemfrom an assigpment, make sure that you have completed
the study material, have committed the formulae to your tnemory
and have solved the solved problems (most of them on your own
before seeing the solution). Do not open the study material to
refer to formulae/theoretical concepts while doing the
assignment problems unless it is absolutely essential to do so.

Do full justice to the exercises and assignment problems. Even

if you do not get the answer to a problem, keep trying on your
own and only approach your friends or teachers after making lot
of attempts.

Do not look at the answer and try to work backwards. This would.
defeat the purpose of doiTtg the problem. Remember the purpose
of doing an assignment problern is not simply to get the answer
(it is only evidence that you solved it correctly) but to develop
your ability to think. Try to introduce twists and turns in given
problem to create similar problems.

I
 ABOUT THE CHAPTER

Knowledge of 3D-Geometry is very useful for.most type of topics

in mathematics especially in vectors

A detailed study of the direction ratios and direction cosines has

been made with sufficient number of illustration and solved
problems.

The concept of planes and straight lines helps us in solving a wide

variety of problems, their relationship with each other such as
angle between them, equation of planes througjh a given line,
distances between two skew lines (non-parallel, non-intersecting)
etc. have been dealt with sufficient number of illustrations and
solved problems.

Theory is well supplemented with well graded illustrations and

solved objective and subjective examples. Assignments of varying
difficulty are also provided so that students can further horn their
skills.
 CONTENT

JEE Syllabus ...1

Rectangular Goordinate System in Space ...1

Direction Cosines of A Line ...3

Direction Ratios ...3

Parallel Lines ...4

Angle Between Two Lines ...5

Solved Problems
Subjective
Objective
Exercise - 1
The Plane
Solved Problems
Subjective
Objective
Exercise - 2
The Straight Line
shortest Distance between two Non lntersecting Lines
Solved Problems
Subjective
Objective
Exercise - 3
Miscellaneous Solved Problems
Subjective
Objective
Answers to Exercises
Formulae and ConcePts at a Glance
Ghapter Practice Problems
Subjective
Objective
Assignments
Section-l
Section-ll
Section-lll
-
Answers to CPP and Assignments
THREE DIMENSIONAL GTOMETRY
Syllabus

Direaion cosines and direction ratiosr' equation of a straight line

in space, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane.

Let'o'be any point in space and XOX, V;6V and Vd.

be three lines perpendicular to each other. These lines are
known as coordinate axes and O is called the origin. The
planes Y( , YZ, ZX are known as the coordinate planes.

t-{lcru9iflatc,:s $f a g'*iutt im $6race

Consider a point P in space whose position is given by the

triad (x, y, z) where x, y, z are perpendicular distances from
Y Z-plane, ZX-pl ane and XY-plane respectively.

lf we assume i, j, k unit vectors along OX, OY, OZ

respectively, then position vector of point P is xi + f + zt< or
simply (x, y, z).
r i...' Any point on -

B x-axis = {( x, y, z) ly = z= 0}

D y-axis = {(x, y, z)lx= z=01

tr z_axis = {(x, y, z) lx= y= 61

tr xy plane = {(x, y, z) | z = O)

tr yz plane = {(x, y, z) lx = 0i
O zx plane = {(x, y, z) I y = 0}

tr OP= x2 +y2 +22

F!tuifling the $rigin

Shifting the origin to another point without changing the directions of the axes is called the translation of
AXES.