Lesson 1 and 2 Quiz: Attributes needed to practice sound professionals’ ethics and

Leadership
1. Attributes that are needed to practice sound professional ethics.
There are several attributes that are needed to practice sound professional ethics. Here are
some of them.
1. integrity
2. honesty
3. responsibility
4. respect
5. fairness
6. professionalism
7. confidentiality
8. value
9. honor
10. choice
11. conscience
12. right
13. principles
14. moral

2. What is ethics? (1/2 pts)

A branch of philosophy and derived from the word "ethos" which means way of living. It
examines the rational justification of our moral judgments.

3. Case #1: Suppose that a doctor is faced with a difficult decision of whether to perform a risky
surgery on a patient. If the surgery is successful, the patient will be cured of a life-threatening
condition and will be able to live a long and healthy life. However, if the surgery fails, the patient
will die. According to this ethical theory, the doctor should evaluate the potential outcomes of the
surgery and choose the course of action. In this case, if the doctor believes that there is a high
probability of success and that the benefits of the surgery outweigh the risks, then they should
perform the surgery, even if it is risky.
Answer: Ethics of Consequentialism
4. Case #2: Suppose that a person is faced with a moral dilemma of whether to tell a lie to
protect a friend from getting into trouble. Acording to this ethical theory, lying is inherently wrong,
and individuals have a moral duty to always tell the truth, regardless of the consequences. In
this case, a philisopher of this theory would argue that the person has a moral obligation to tell
the truth, even if it means that their friend would get into trouble. This theory believe that moral
duties and obligations are not based on the consequences of our actions, but rather on the
inherent nature of certain actions.
Answer: Ethics of Deontology

5. Case #3: Suppose that a person faces the moral dilemma of returning a lost wallet that they
found on the street. A philosopher of this ethical theory would consider the character of the
person and the virtues that they embody, rather than solely focusing on the consequences of
their actions. In this case, a philosopher of this ethical theory would argue that a person who
embodies the virtue of honesty would naturally choose to return the wallet, as it is the right thing
to do. This theory believe that moral decision-making should be guided by virtue, rather than
rules or consequences.
Answer: Ethics of Virtuism

6. Case #4: Suppose that a company is considering whether to invest in a new factory that will
provide jobs to the local community but may also cause environmental pollution. According to
this ethical theory, the company should evaluate the overall consequences of the decision-
making and choose the course of action that produces the greatest overall happiness or
pleasure for all affected individuals. In this case, if the company believes that the benefits of job
creation outweigh the negative effects of pollution and that measures can be taken to minimize
the environmental impact, then they should invest in the new factory.
Answer: Ethics of utilitarianism

7. What is Leadership? (1/2 pts)

It is guiding and leading the people towards shared goal or vision. It involve skills like strategic
thinking, communication, decision-making, problem solving, and delegation of tasks.

8. What are some important qualities of a good leader? (2/2 pts)

Leaders must be able to communicate their vision, build friendships/relationships and trust, and
can inspire other people to achieve their full potential.
PD 1286

RA 10862

AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS IN THE

PHIUPPINES, REPEALING FOR THE PURPOSE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1286,
KNOWN AS THE “NUTRITION AND DIETETICS DECREE OF 1977”, APPROPRIATING
FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER RELATED PURPOSES
 Professional Ethics and Personality Development

Lesson #1. Attributes needed to practice sound professional ethics

What are ethics?

Derived from the Greek word “ethos”, which means “way of living”, ethics is a branch of
philosophy that is concerned with human conduct, more specifically the behaviour of individuals
in society. Ethics examines the rational justification for our moral judgments; it studies what is
morally right or wrong, just or unjust.

There are several attributes that are needed to practice sound professional ethics. Here are
some of them.
1. integrity
2. honesty
3. responsibility
4. respect
5. fairness
6. professionalism
7. confidentiality
8. value
9. honor
10. choice
11. conscience
12. right
13. principles
14. moral

Ethics Consequentialism

 The morality of an action is to be judged solely by its consequences.

(CONSEQUENCES)

Ethics Virtuism

 This ethical act depends a person doing the right thing, not for a reward or fear of
punishment, but because it is the right thing to do. (CHARACTER)
Ethics Utilitarianism

 This promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number
should be the guiding principle of conduct. (CONSISTENCY AND RESPECT)

Ethics Family and Friends

 Family and Friends includes your personal values and moral qualities influenced by
family, friends, culture, religion, education and many other factors. (PERSONAL)

Ethics Deontology

 Deontology is a theory that suggests actions are good or bad according to a clear set of
rules. Is it wrong to lie? (RULES)

What is the purpose of nutrition seminar?

Nutrition seminars and other workplace wellness programs are known to improve employee
engagement and morale as well. They boost engagement by creating stronger workplace
relationships, healthier behaviours and less stressful environments.

From Payne-Pelacio Book

What is Leadership?
Leadership is the activity of influencing other people’s behavior toward the achievement of
desired objectives. Management is the function of running an organization by effectively and
efficiently integrating and coordinating resources in order to achieve desired objectives.
Concept: As a leader, the foodservice manager must empower employees by clearly
communicating the organization’s mission, accepting the responsibility for leading the group,
and earning employees’ trust.

The Traditional Leadership Role

Early theories of leadership include scientific management, in which a leader’s role was to
motivate employees with rewards of money, and human relations theory, in which a leader
improved productivity by showing an interest in the employee as an individual.
Scientific Management – “best method and right wage for the job”

Newer Approaches to Leadership

McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y are based on the idea that a leader’s attitude toward
employees has an impact on job performance and may lead to different management strategies.
Concept: Situational management theory holds that effectiveness as a leader depends on the
characteristics of the leader and the subordinates as well as the situational variables involved.
Situational management: Effectiveness of a leader is a function of the individual leader, the
subordinate, socioeconomic interests, and situational variables
Initiating structure: The relationship between the leader and the members of a work group
Consideration: Behavior that indicates friendship, mutual trust, respect, and warmth between
the leader and the work group
Path-goal theory: Functions of a leader should consist of increasing personal rewards and
clarifying pathways for goal attainment for subordinates
Concept: The contingency theory of leadership holds that there is no one “best” style of
leadership but that style must be adjusted to fit the situation.

Types of Power and Their Use

Concept: Leaders acquire power from their ability to reward and punish, position in the
organization, expertise, and personal characteristics.
1. Coercive power: Followers believe that the leader has the authority to punish them and
the punishment will be unpleasant, such as a salary reduction, a demotion or
termination, or assignment to unpleasant tasks.
2. Reward power: Followers believe that the leader has the authority to reward them, and
the rewards will be pleasant such as an increase in salary, a promotion, or assignment to
preferred tasks.
3. Legitimate power: Followers believe that the leader has the right to give directions
because of his or her position in the organization.
4. Expert power: Followers believe that the leader has expertise or knowledge that will be
of help to them (Figure 14.5).
5. Referent or charismatic power: Followers believe that the leader has charisma or
personal characteristics that result in admiration and respect and therefore want to follow
that leader (Figure 14.6).

Effective Communication
Concept: Communication, or the constant development of understanding among people, is
central to leadership effectiveness.
Concept: Effective communication means that there is successful transfer of information,
meaning, and understanding from a sender to a receiver.
Concept: Types of communication include oral, written, visual aids, body language, facial
expressions, gestures, and actions. The effectiveness of communication can be improved by
using multiple forms of communication.
Concept: Barriers to effective communication can be overcome by being aware of their
existence and employing some of the suggested techniques and improving communication.
Leadership rounding

 A proactive leadership practice whereby leaders spend 10 to 15 minutes with each of

their employees on a regular basis using a script of predetermined questions

Ethics and Social Responsibility

Ethics can be defined as the rightness or wrongness of actions and as the goodness or
badness of these actions’ objectives.
Social responsibility is an ethical issue because it deals with the goodness or badness of
organizational actions in terms of their impact on society as a whole. The classical view of social
responsibility is that organizations have no obligations to society other than to achieve
organizational objectives. The modern view holds that organizations must operate to achieve
the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In other words, social responsibility is
demonstrated when a company goes beyond profit maximization in order to benefit society in
other ways.
Leadership
Leadership is inspiring and guiding people toward a common goal, or vision. It involves setting a
direction, creating a vision, and motivating and inspiring others to work together toward the
desired outcome. Leadership involves a wide range of skills, including communication, strategic
thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and delegation. Effective leaders are able to
communicate their vision, build trust and relationships, and inspire others to achieve their full
potential. Leadership can be found in all levels of society, from business and politics to sports
and community organizations.
“To lead is to influence”

PD. No. 1286, S. 1978