Answers

Exercise 1
1.b
2. a
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. c
8. a
9. a
10. b
11. a
12. c
13. a
14. b
15. a
16. a
Exercise 2
1. G
2. E
3. H
4. A
5. F
6. B
7. C
8. D
Exercise 3
1) What was the purpose of the African National Congress?
a) To draw more Europeans to the country to oppress black people.
b) To promote segregation between the races.
 c) To unite South Africans to fight for equality for all Black South Africans
d) To force Europeans out of their homelands.

2) Why did the National Party pass apartheid laws in 1948?

a) To gain independence from the British.
b) To imprison Nelson Mandela.
c) To boost the sale of gold and diamonds.
d) To maintain white domination in the country

3) Which of the following was NOT an effect of apartheid laws?

a) Separate homelands.
b) Black South Africans and white South Africans worked together
c) Black South Africans being forced to carry pass books.
d) Use of separate services and buildings.

4) What are the dates of Apartheid?

a) 21 March 1960.
b) From 1847 to 1988.
c) Between 1990 and 1992.
d) From 1948 to 1994

5) June 16th is remembered as a public holiday in South Africa. What is it called?

a) Mandela Day.
b) Human Rights Day.
c) Youth Day
d) The day Nelson Mandela was released from prison.

6) Why is April 27th celebrated as Freedom Day in South Africa?

a) It is the day when apartheid laws were appealed.
b) It is the day when Nelson Mandela was freed from prison.
c) It is the day when South Africa first held elections open to all citizens
d) It is the day when Chris Hani was assassinated.
7) Even with the end of apartheid, what remains a major problem in South Africa?
a) Laws that treated whites better than blacks.
b) Blacks and whites are still not equal
c) An unfair tax system.
d) Blacks being forced to live in townships.

8) What did apartheid laws do?

a) Gave power to white officials.
b) Separated men from women.
c) Segregated different types of Europeans.
d) Segregated whites and the non-whites

9) How did these laws affect Black South Africans?

a) It gave black South Africans the freedom to work, live everywhere and marry
anyone.
b) It restricted black South Africans where to live, to work, and who to
marry
c) It only restricted their economic opportunities.

10) Which political party came to power in South Africa in 1948?

a) National Party
b) Pan-African.
c) African National Congress.
d) Inkatha Freedom Party.

11) “A truly transformative South Africa requires a new approach that places the
Constitutional dream at the very heart of legal education”. Who uttered these
words?

- The late Chief Justice of South Africa, Pius Langa.

12) Who was the white political leader that dismantled apartheid laws?
a) F.W de Klerk.
b) Pieter Botha.
 c) Clive Derby-Lewis.
d) Hendrick Verwoerd.

13) “Today we have closed the book on Apartheid”. Who uttered these words?
a) Janusz Walu’s.
b) Chris Hani.
c) F.W de Klerk
d) Desmond Tutu.

14) What was the Sharpeville massacre?

a) An attempt to exterminate all the black residents of Sharpeville.
b) The assassination of Chris Hani.
c) A reaction against the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela.
d) An attack on black protesters at a police station

15) How did the end of apartheid affect the distribution of power in South Africa?
a) Whites continued to control the government.
b) Coloureds and Indians refused to vote in elections.
c) Blacks gained control of the government through free and fair elections
d) Whites left the country.

16) What is your understanding of the poem?

- The poem was written by an Afrikaans poet by the name, Ingrid Jonker.
- It was written in the aftermath of the massacre at the anti-pass
demonstration in Sharpeville on 21 March 1960.
- The late President Nelson Mandela, read the poem at the inauguration of
a new political and legal order in South Africa because, he believed that
Jonker, in her “glorious vision”, instructs that our endeavours must be
about the liberation of the woman, the emancipation of the man and the
liberty of the child.
- The poem ends with a line that refers to the apartheid government’s
deplorable pass law system.
- The child as a symbol of the future, defies the pass laws.
- The poem too is an act of defiance.
 - The poems dreams of a time not only of the liberation of black people
from the harsh laws of Apartheid, but the liberation of all the oppressed.

17) The pass law system was based on a) statute that divided South Africa into b)
urban and c) rural areas.

18) What was the cost of opposing Apartheid?

- Arrest and imprisonment (more restrictions and violent oppression)

19) What do you understand about the Disobedience campaign of 1952?

- It was the first large-scale multiracial civil disobedience mobilisation
against the apartheid laws.
- People deliberately refused to carry passes, publicly burning them as
an act of protest and demonstrating en masse against the oppressive
laws of the Apartheid government.

20) The ANC and other political movements were banned by the government as part
of its efforts to preserve apartheid. True/False?
- True

21) Explain what the Groote Schuur Minute was about.

- It was an agreement in which the National Party government and the
ANC committed themselves to the resolution of the climate of violence
and intimidation in the country.
- The minute also removed practical obstacles to the negotiations, such
as providing for indemnity from prosecution for returning exiles as
well as the release of other political prisoners.

22) What happened at the Pretoria Minute?

- It followed on 6 August 1990
- The ANC suspended the armed struggle against apartheid.
23) The Multiparty Negotiation Forum, concluded on 14 September 1991, prepared
the way for the first Convention for a Democratic South Africa. True/False?
- False, it was the National Peace Accord.

24) Define the following terms, a) by-elections; b) electorate; c) referendum; and d)

bargaining power.

25) Fill in the missing words:

Ongoing a) violence caught the attention of the b) United Nations Security

Council. It convened a c) special session on 2 August d) 1992 and adopted e)
Resolution 765.

26) The (Interim/Final) Constitution represents the end of what Currie and de Waal
refer to as “South Africa’s negotiated revolution”. Choose the correct term.

27) Mr X reads through your introduction to law textbook. He comes across the term
“certification”. He asks you to explain the term to him, how would you explain it
(within the context of the final constitution)?
- Certification is the process in terms of which the Constitutional Court
measured the proposed text of the new constitution against the 34
principles and decided whether it conformed to these principles or
not.

28) Match the column type questions:

a) Boipatong massacre 1) Nelson Mandela signed the
text into law at Sharpeville.
b) 7 September 1992 2) Amended version of the
constitution was adopted.
c) 3000 members led by AWB 3) 10 April 1993
invaded a meeting
d) 11 October 1996 4) Bisho massacre
 e) 10 December 1996 5) Final constitution, S v
Makwanyane
f) 14 February 1995 6) 25 June 1993
g) Assassination of Chris Hani 7) Opening of parliament
h) 2 February 1990 8) 17 June 1992
9) Inauguration of first
democratic parliament of
South Africa.

Answers:
A8
B4
C6
D2
E1
F5
G3
H7

Answers for Question 24:

a) By-election refers to an election that is held at a time or interval other
than the time of the general election.
b) Electorate is the body of those people who have the right to vote in an
election.
c) Referendum is the process of referring an important political question
to decision by a general vote of the entire electorate.
d) Bargaining power, the relative abilities of negotiating parties to
influence one another.
Exercise 4

1. Parliamentary sovereignty
Instead of the parliament being Supreme here the constitution is Supreme
and any law or conduct that is inconsistent with it is invalid.
2. B) customary law
3. A) common law
4. The same law applies equally to everyone, including the state.
5. 5.1. The terms in which they are expressed should be as clear as possible
5.2. They should not as far as possible, contradict each other
5.3. The conduct that the rules require must be possible
6. The legislature, the executive and the judiciary

Exercise 5

1.1 Textbook under 2.5.2

1.2 South Africa was Internationally isolated as a result, sanctions and boycotts were
imposed on it.
1.3 The detrimental effect of this isolation placed great pressure on South Africa to
drastically change its politics. (Elaborate on the Interim and 1996 Constitution)
1.4 False
1.5 False
1.6 2.5.3
1.7 False