Mar.

2008 Security Level:

3G/2G Cell Reselection

and IRAT Handover

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential

Page 1
Agenda

• Introduction
• UMTS Cell Selection and Reselection
• UMTS to GSM Coverage –based Inter-
RAT Handover
 Introduction

•UE Behaviors in Idle Mode

UE behaviors in idle mode refers to a series of automatic actions for

obtaining a service before finding a network or for obtaining a better
service after connecting to the network.

ØPLMN selection
ØCell selection and reselection
ØLocation registration
ØPaging
ØSystem information reception
Introduction

•UE Behaviors in Connection Mode

Based on the frequencies of the source and target cells, handover includes
the following three types

ØIntra-frequency handover
ØInter-frequency handover
ØInter-system handover
 UMTS Cell Selection and Reselection
•Cell Selection

When the PLMN is selected and the UE is in idle mode, the UE starts to
select a cell to camp on and to obtain services.

•Cell Reselection

After selecting a cell and camping on it, the UE periodically searches for a
better cell according to the cell reselection criteria. The better cell is the most
suitable one for the UE to camp on and obtain services. If finding such a cell,
the UE reselects this cell to camp on.
 UMTS Cell Selection
Cell Selection Criteria :

The cell selection criterion S is fulfilled when:

üFor FDD cells, Srxlev > 0 and Squal >0

üFor TDD cells, Srxlev > 0

Where,

Squal = Qqualmeas – Qqualmin

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - Qrxlevmin - Pcompensation

UMTS Cell Selection
 UMTS Cell Reselection
Cell Reselection Measurement Start Criteria :

• Intra-frequency measurement

1. If Squal ≤ Sintrasearch + Qqualmin, the UE starts the intra-frequency measurement.

2. If system messages do not contain Sintrasearch, the intra-frequency measurement is always

started.

• Inter-frequency measurement
1. If Squal ≤ Sintersearch + Qqualmin, the UE starts the inter-frequency measurement.

2. If system messages do not contain Sintrasearch, the inter-frequency measurement is always

started.

• Inter-RAT measurement
1. If Squal ≤ SsearchRATm + Qqualmin, the UE starts the inter-RAT measurement.

2. If system messages do not contain Sintrasearch, the inter-RAT measurement is always started.
UMTS Cell Reselection
 UMTS Cell Reselection
Cell Reselection Criteria :

The cell-ranking criterion R is defined by:

TOn of Non-HCS network is setting to Zero

 UMTS Cell Reselection
Cell Reselection Criteria :
The cells shall be ranked according to the R criteria specified above, deriving Qmeas,n and
Qmeas,s and calculating the R values using CPICH RSCP, P-CCPCH RSCP and the
averaged received signal level for FDD, TDD and GSM cells, respectively.

•If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, then the UE shall perform cell re-selection to
that TDD or GSM cell.

•If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and re-
selection is set to CPICH RSCP, the UE shall perform cell re-selection to that FDD cell.

•If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and re-
selection is set to CPICH Ec/No, the UE shall perform a second ranking of the FDD cells
according to the R criteria specified above, but using the measurement quantity CPICH Ec/No for
deriving the Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and calculating the R values of the FDD cells.
 UMTS Cell Reselection
Cell Reselection Criteria :

UE shall reselect the new cell, only if the following conditions are met:
n the new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval Treselection.
n more than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.
 UMTS Cell Reselection
Name Description

This specifies the offset between the two cells. It is used for TDD and GSM cells and
Qoffset1s,n for FDD cells in case the quality measure for cell selection and re-selection is set
to CPICH RSCP.
This specifies the offset between the two cells. It is used for FDD cells in case the
Qoffset2s,n
quality measure for cell selection and re-selection is set to CPICH Ec/No
This specifies the hysteresis value (Qhyst). It is used for TDD and GSM cells and for
Qhyst1s FDD cells in case the quality measure for cell selection and re-selection is set to
CPICH RSCP
This specifies the hysteresis value (Qhyst). It is used for FDD cells if the quality
Qhyst2s
measure for cell selection and re-selection is set to CPICH Ec/No.
HCS_PRIOs,
This specifies the HCS priority level (0-7) for serving cell and neighbouring cells.
HCS_PRIOn
This specifies the time duration for which the TEMPORARY_OFFSETn is applied for a
PENALTY_TIMEn
neighbouring cell.

This specifies the offset applied to the R criteria for a neighbouring cell for the
TEMPORARY_OFFSET1n duration of PENALTY_TIMEn. It is used for TDD and GSM cells and for FDD cells in case
the quality measure for cell selection and re-selection is set to CPICH RSCP.

This specifies the offset applied to the R criteria for a neighbouring cell for the
TEMPORARY_OFFSET2n duration of PENALTY_TIMEn. It is used for FDD cells in case the quality measure for
cell selection and re-selection is set to CPICH Ec/No.
Treselections This specifies the cell reselection timer value.
UMTS Cell Selection and Reselection Parameters
MML Command Parameters Value
ADD CELLSELRESEL QUALMEAS CPICH_ECNO

ADD CELLSELRESEL IDLEQHYST1S 2

ADD CELLSELRESEL CONNQHYST1S 2
ADD CELLSELRESEL IDLEQHYST2S 1
ADD CELLSELRESEL CONNQHYST2S 1
ADD CELLSELRESEL TRESELECTIONS 1
ADD CELLSELRESEL QQUALMIN -18
ADD CELLSELRESEL QRXLEVMIN -58
ADD CELLSELRESEL QRXLEVMINEXTSUP FALSE
ADD CELLSELRESEL MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWER 24

ADD CELLSELRESEL IDLESINTRASEARCH 5

ADD CELLSELRESEL CONNSINTRASEARCH 5
ADD CELLSELRESEL IDLESINTERSEARCH 4
ADD CELLSELRESEL CONNSINTERSEARCH 4
ADD CELLSELRESEL SSEARCHRAT 2

ADD INTRAFREQNCELL IDLEQOFFSET1SN 0

ADD INTRAFREQNCELL IDLEQOFFSET2SN 0

UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover

Introduction:
Inter-system handover refers to the handover between different systems, such as UMTS
and GSM, which use different radio access technologies (RAT).

Purpose :

•Saving cost by utilizing the existing GSM network resources

•Providing coverage expansion, load sharing, and layered services

UMTS->GSM handover includes:

•UMTS->GSM coverage-based handover
•UMTS->GSM load-based handover
•UMTS->GSM service-based handover
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
Basic procedure for IRAT handover :
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
Example of Basic Procedure for IRAT handover based on Coverage:
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Measurement Procedure
Measurement Quantity :

•CPICH Ec/N0 or CPICH RSCP or both for a UMTS cell: set to 2D2F Measure
Quantity, 3A Measure Quantity (optional).

•GSM Carrier RSSI for a GSM cell

Measurement Events:
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Measurement Procedure
Triggering of Event 2D – Start Compressed Mode :
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Measurement Procedure
Triggering of Event 2F – Stop Compressed Mode :
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Measurement Procedure
Triggering of GSM Cells Measurement Report :

1. Triggering of Event 3A

QUsed ≤ TUsed − H 3 a / 2 and MOther RAT + CIOOtherRAT ≥ TOther RAT + H3a / 2

Where:

•QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency.

•TUsed is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency. Based on CS or
PS services, CPICH Ec/No, or RSCP measurement quantity.

•MOtherRat is the measurement value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range.

•CIOOtherRat is cell individual offset, the offset value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting
range.

•TOtherRat is the absolute inter-RAT handover threshold. Based on CS or PS services, it can be

Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD or Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD.

•H3a is 3A hysteresis, the hysteresis value of event 3A.

 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Measurement Procedure
Triggering of GSM Cells Measurement Report :

2. Periodical Measurement Reporting

Periodical measurement reporting can be applicable to the UMTS à GSM coverage-

based handover.

Based on the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message from the RNC, the UE sends
measurement reports periodically to the RNC according to the values of the Inter-RAT
period report interval. The RNC makes a handover decision according to the reported
measurement values and performs the handover procedures.
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Decision
1. UMTS à GSM Coverage-Based Handover - Event Reporting Mode

After receiving the event reports of GSM cells, the RNC performs handover decision and
execution as follows:

• If the RNC receives event 3A reports, all the GSM cells that trigger event 3A form a
cell set and they are sequenced according the event 3A reports.

• Based on the sequence, the RNC selects the cells in the set. If the cells do not work
in handover penalty state, the RNC executes the handover until the handover is made.
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Decision
2. UMTS à GSM Coverage-Based Handover - Periodical Reporting Mode

After receiving the periodical measurement reports of GSM cells, the RNC performs
handover decision and execution as follows:

• Decide whether the quality of GSM cells can meet the conditions for inter-RAT
handover.

• Evaluate the cells that meet the quality requirement and run the time-to-trigger timer.

• Stops evaluating the cells that do not meet the quality requirement and disables the
time-to-trigger timer.

• Select cells for inter-RAT handover from the cells whose time-to-trigger timer times
out, starting from the cells with the best quality.

Start the time-to-trigger timer: Stop the time-to-trigger timer:

Mother_RAT + CIO ≥ Tother_RAT + H/2 Mother_RAT + CIO < Tother_RAT - H/2

 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Decision
2. UMTS à GSM Coverage-Based Handover - Periodical Reporting Mode

BSIC Verification Requirements for GSM Cell:

During inter-RAN measurement, it is recommended that UE reports the GSM cell after
the BSIC of the GSM cell is verified. This can make handover more reliable. The
switch is BSIC verify switch.

There are two time-to-trigger timers based on whether BSIC verified:

Ø Time to trigger for verified GSM cell (with BSIC verification)

Ø Time to trigger for non-verified GSM cell (without BSIC verification)

 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Execution
Two procedures for inter-RAT handover execution phase:

1. CS Iu relocation:

• The RELOCATION REQUIRED message is initiated on the Iu interface to inform

GSM cell ready for IRAT HO resources.

• If the RNC receives the RELOCATION PREPARATION FAILURE message, the inter-
RAT handover fails. Inter-RAT handover failure penalty timer for this GSM cell is
started. During the penalty, stops the UE from making handover attempt to the cell.

• If the RNC receives the RELOCATION COMMAND message, the handover on the Uu
interface is continued.
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Execution
Two procedures for inter-RAT handover execution phase:

2. Signaling procedure on Uu interface :

• For CS services or combined services of CS and PS, the signaling procedure of

HANDOVER FROM UTRAN on the Uu interface is performed. Only the handover
based on CS services are made.

• For a PS service or combined PS services, the signaling procedure of CELL

CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN on the Uu interface is performed.

• If the HANDOVER FROM UTRAN FAILURE or CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM

UTRAN FAILURE message is received, the handover on the Uu interface fail. Inter-
RAT handover failure penalty timer for the cell is started. During the penalty, stops
the UE from making handover attempt to the cell. The inter-RAT handover is
performed for the next cell generated in the cell list based on inter-RAT measurement.
After the penalty timer expires, the penalty for the related cell is released.
UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Parameters

MML Command Parameters Value

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATREPORTMODE PERIODICAL_REPORTING
SET INTERRATHOCOV 2D2FMEASQUANTITY BOTH
SET INTERRATHOCOV 2D2FFILTERCOEF D3
SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATFILTERCOEF D3
SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATPERIODREPORTINTERVAL D1000
SET INTERRATHOCOV HYSTFOR2D 4
SET INTERRATHOCOV HYSTFOR2F 4
SET INTERRATHOCOV HYSTFORINTERRAT 0
SET INTERRATHOCOV TRIGTIME2D D320
SET INTERRATHOCOV TRIGTIME2F D1280
SET INTERRATHOCOV TIMETOTRIGFORNONVERIFY 65535
SET INTERRATHOCOV TIMETOTRIGFORVERIFY 0
SET INTERRATHOCOV BSICVERIFY REQUIRE
UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
- Parameters

MML Command Parameters Value

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATCSTHD2DECN0 -14

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATCSTHD2FECN0 -12

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATPSTHD2DECN0 -15

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATPSTHD2FECN0 -13

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATCSTHD2DRSCP -100

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATCSTHD2FRSCP -97

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATPSTHD2DRSCP -110

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATPSTHD2FRSCP -107

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATCOVHOCSTHD 16

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATCOVHOPSTHD 16

SET INTERRATHOCOV PENALTYTIMEFORINTERRATHO 30

SET INTERRATHOCOV INTERRATMEASTIME 60

 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
– Example of Signaling
Signaling procedure for UMTS à GSM handover in CS domain :
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
– Example of Signaling
Signaling procedure for UMTS à GSM handover in PS domain :
 UMTS to GSM Coverage –based IRAT Handover
– Example of Signaling
Signaling procedure for UMTS à GSM handover in both CS and PS domain :
Huawei UMTS/GSM Handover Solutions

PS Handover

CS Handover Cell Resel ection to GPR S

Cell Re sel ection to 3G

Cell Re sel ection to W CDMA

Handover to 2G 3G Coverage

2G Coverage only

• CS Handover Strategy: 3G handover to 2G based on

coverage, return back to 3G by cell reselection
• PS Handover Strategy: 3G and 2G bi-direction service
handover by cell reselection
 Mar. 2008 Security Level:

Thank You
www.huawei.com
www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential

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