C

OMPUTER PERIPHERAL & HARDWARE

MICRO PROJECT PROPOSAL
ON
MODEM

1.0 Brief Introduction:-

A modulator-demodulator, or simply a modem, is a hardware device that converts
data from a digital format, intended for communication directly between devices
with specialized wiring, into one suitable for a transmission medium such as
telephone lines or radio. A modem modulates one or more carrier wave signals to
encode digital information for transmission, and demodulates signals to decode the
transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted
easily and decoded reliably to reproduce the original digital data.Modems can be
used with almost any means of transmitting analog signals, from light-emitting
diodes to radio. A common type of modem is one that turns the digital data of a
computer into a modulated electrical signal for transmission over telephone lines,
to be demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to recover the digital
data. Modems can be used with almost any means of transmitting analog signals,
from light-emitting diodes to radio. A common type of modem is one that turns the
digital data of a computer into a modulated electrical signal for transmission over
telephone lines, to be demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to
recover the digital data. Many modems are variable-rate, permitting them to be
used over a medium with less than ideal characteristics, such as a telephone line
that is of poor quality or is too long. This capability is often adaptive so that a
modem can discover the maximum practical transmission rate during the connect
phase, or during operation. A dial-up modem transmits computer data over an
ordinary switched telephone line that has not been designed for data use. This
contrasts with leased line modems, which also operate over lines provided by a
telephone company, but ones which are intended for data use and do not impose
the same signaling constraints. Dial-up service has since been largely supplanted
by broadband internet,[4] which typically still uses a modem, but of a very
different type which may still operate over a normal phone line, but with
substantially relaxed constraints.
2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project :-
i. To Study the Computer Peripheral & Hardware
ii. Publish information on internet or intranet.

3.0 Intended Course Outcomes :-

i. Apply presentation skills

ii. Publish information on internet or intranet

4.0 Literature Review:-

In 1989 , whilst working at CERN Tim Berners-Lee proposed to create a global
hypertext project, which later became known as world wide web. In 1994
Andreessen formed Mosaic Communications crop. That later became known as
Netscape Communications, the Netscape 0.9 browser. Netscape created his own
html tags without regard to the traditional standards process. For example
Netscape 1.1 included tags for changing background colors and formatting text
with tables on web pages. To create complex designs, many web designers had to
use complicated table structures or even use blank spacer.GIF images to stop
empty table cells from collapsing. CSS was introduced in December 1996.

5.0 Proposed Methodology:-

MODEM starts with a systematic mapping of the literature on effective and
(potentially) cost-effective interventions in dementia care. Those findings, as well
as data from a cohort, will then be used to model the quality of life and cost
impacts of making these evidence-based interventions more widely available in
England over the period from now to 2040. Modelling will use a suite of models,
combining micro simulation and macro simulation methods, modelling the costs
and outcomes of care, both for an individual over the life-course from the point of
dementia diagnosis, and for individuals and England as a whole in a particular
year. Project outputs will include an online Dementia Evidence Toolkit, making
evidence summaries and a literature at base available free to anyone, papers in
academic journals and other written outputs, and a MODEM Legacy Model, which
will enable local commissioners of services to apply the model to their own
populations. The OECD would publish three distinct statistics as part of the
indicator. The first would be the total number of wireless broadband subscribers.
The second would be the subset of subscriptions using a data modem and the
third would be the subset of subscriptions via a mobile handset. Separating the
three elements allows policy makers to follow each distinct submarket.

6.0 Resources Required:-

Serial Name of Resource Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. /Material

1 software Microsoft world - 1

2 Operating system Windows 8.1 - 2
7.0 Action Plan :-

Serial Detail of Planned Planned Names of

Activity Start Date Finished responsible
No. Date team
members

1 Information
Collection

2 Proposal SANSKRUTI
Creation BHAKARE

4 Report SANSKRUTI
Creation BHAKARE
&
GIRISH
DESAI

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

 ON
COMPUTER PERIPHERAL & HARDWARE
Title of Micro-Project:- MODEM
1.0 Brief Description:-
A modulator-demodulator, or simply a modem, is a hardware device that
converts data from a digital format, intended for communication directly between
devices with specialized wiring, into one suitable for a transmission medium such
as telephone lines or radio. A modem modulates one or more carrier wave signals
to encode digital information for transmission, and demodulates signals to
decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be
transmitted easily and decoded reliably to reproduce the original digital data.
Modems can be used with almost any means of transmitting analog signals, from
light-emitting diodes to radio. A common type of modem is one that turns the
digital data of a computer into a modulated electrical signal for transmission over
telephone lines, to be demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to
recover the digital data. This contrasts with leased line modems, which also
operate over lines provided by a telephone company, but ones which are
intended for data use and do not impose the same signaling constraints. Dial-up
service has since been largely supplanted by broadband internet,[4] which
typically still uses a modem, but of a very different type which may still operate
over a normal phone line, but with substantially relaxed constraints. The Internet
is driving the need for broadband connectivity well beyond V90. In response,
various digital subscriber line (DSL) services are coming to the rescue. Most
notably, the G.Lite asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) standard with
download speeds of up to 1.5 Mb/s provides the broadest solution and targets
the consumer markets.

2.0 Aim of Micro Project:-

The MODEM project aims to generate new evidence to inform policy and practice
to better and more efficiently meet needs, promote health and wellbeing for
people with dementia and their family and other carers. The project objectives
are to.

3.0 Course Outcomes Integrated:-

The MODEM project (A comprehensive approach to MO Delling outcome
and costs impacts of interventions for DEMentia) explores how changes in
arrangements for the future treatment and care of people living with
dementia, and support for family and other unpaid carers, could result in
better outcomes and more efficient use of resources. The OECD would
publish three distinct statistics as part of the indicator. The first would be
the total number of wireless broadband subscribers. The second would be
the subset of subscriptions using a data modem and the third would be the
subset of subscriptions via a mobile handset

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed:-

First we discussed in group about to find the subject related to project .
After discussion finally, we select the topic, the topic is MODEM. Then we
collect information related to subject. Afterwards, according to the
standard format we start to do the work on project. The group members
decided to do work separately in ways like collecting information, making
proposal and report. N. Suryavanshi Mam guide us how to collect the
information & how to work on the subject. According to her guidance we
followed the rule and after collecting information our project is completed.
Finally our project is successfully completed . As per the decision of all
members complete the given work.

5.0 Actual Resources Used:-

Sr.No. Name of Specifications Quantity Remarks
Resource/material
1. Software Note pad 1
2. Operating system Window 8.1 1

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-projects:-

Project outputs will include an online Dementia Evidence Toolkit, making
evidence summaries and a literature database available free to anyone, papers in
academic journals and other written outputs, and a MODEM Legacy Model, which
will enable local commissioners of services to apply the model to their own
populations. Modems are referred to as an asynchronous device, meaning that
the device transmits data in an intermittent stream of small packets. Once
received, the receiving system then takes the data in the packets and reassembles
it into a form the computer can use. Dial-up modems were commonly used by
computers to connect to the Internet through the early 2000s until broadband
Internet started to be more widely available. As broadband Internet became
available and popular, dial-up modems were used by fewer computer users.
Today, computers no longer come with a dial-up modem, requiring users who
need one to purchase and install it. Modem speed is measured in bps and Kbps,
which is the speed the modem can send and receive data. Today, a 56 K (56,000
bps) modem is the fastest solution and speed used with today's dial-up modem.

7.0 Skill Developed/ learning out of this Micro-Project:-

Basically, a modem is used for transmitting and receiving data over a
communication channel, such as twisted-pair telephone lines, coaxial cables, and
optical fibres. Currently the purpose of a modem is to convert a computer's data
stream to analog format so that it can be transmitted over the analog telephone
line. The first modem to be made commercially available in the United States was
the Bell 103 modem, introduced in 1962 by the American Telephone & Telegraph
Company (AT&T). The Bell 103 permitted full-duplex data transmission over
conventional telephone circuits at data rates up to 300 bits per second. Since its
founding, the organization has produced thousands of scientific and engineering
innovations. In 1926, for example, it developed the first synchronous-sound
motion-picture system. In 1937 it constructed the pioneer electrical-relay digital
computer; in the same year, a Bell researcher, Clinton Davisson, shared the Nobel
Prize for Physics, the first of several awarded for work done at Bell Labs (see
below), for demonstrating that electrons display both wave and particle
characteristics. In 1947 the laboratories invented the transistor, an achievement
for which Bell researchers John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William B.
Shockley were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physics. In the 1960s Bell Labs
developed the first electronic telephone-switching system and designed Telstar,
the world’s first satellite communications system. In 1978 two more Bell
researchers, Arno Penzias and Robert W. Wilson, shared the Nobel Prize for the
discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation. Bell Laboratories also
pioneered in the development of sonar, lasers, and solar cells, and it performs
defense-related research and development under military contracts. These and
other achievements—together with the publication of technical and scientific
papers by its staff—have made Bell Labs one of the world’s most prestigious
research facilities. In 1996–97 AT&T split into three companies, one of which,
Lucent Technologies Inc., was a manufacturer of telephone and other
communications equipment. Most of Bell Laboratories’ employees became part
of Lucent, though a minority remained with AT&T, which thenceforth confined
itself to telephone and other services. Lucent Technologies merged with Alcatel in
2006 to form Alcatel-Lucent, which in turn was acquired by Nokia in 2016.