Rural policy and regulations

Rural

development
Presented by Group A
 Group A

Topics

Approaches Trends in

Introduction Development

policy Rural poilcy

 Group A

Introduction
Introduction

• Introduction

• What is rural development policy?

• It has proven difficult for policy makers, and

indeed for the general public, to take to the

notion that rural development policy is more

than agricultural policy. While agriculture is an

enormously important sector for rural areas,

the need to clearly describe between the two

has become obvious.
 Group A

Introduction
• Historically, policies in relation to rural
development have been sectorally based. The
emphasis has been on the development of a
particular sector of the economy, rather than
on the development of a particular area. And,
indeed, agriculture has been the sector which
has had most impact on rural area.

• which focuses on a particular geographical are

 Group A

Introduction
•Cont.…

• In this first unit you consider these two

approaches to policy, and you learn about some

of the ways that state policies can impact on rural

areas. You learn that different types of rural
areas

have different needs and require different policy

response.
 Larissa

Approaches Approach A

• Most governments have traditionally favoured

the aspatial or sectoral approach. This means

that nationally, government departments and

government policies.

Approach B

• with different government departments

responsible for different sectors of society – for

example, a Department of Agriculture, a

Department of Enterprise, a Department of Transport,

and so on.
 Group A

Approaches Approach A

• Rural development policy

Approach B

• • Differences and similarities of policy

needs in different rural areas

Rural development policy

• Rural development policy can be broadly defined

as

all aspects of State action that, directly or

indirectly,

influences the nature of economic and social

development in rural areas.

• rural development policy is provided by the fact

that rural areas tend to have higher than average

dependency ratios, and that many rural areas have

a weak economic structure with a high dependence

on agriculture, the lack of a diversified employment

base and the continued emigration of those with higher

levels of education
Rural development policy

• The low population density and unbalanced

demographic structure of many rural areas

creates difficulties for both public and private

service provision (health, transport, shops)

and leads to increasing isolation and social

exclusion” (Alan Matthews in O’Hagan, 2000)

Cont.…...

• Matthews offers a definition of rural development

policy that is more focused on content and

objectives:

• “[Rural development] may be defined as seeking to

sustain rural communities with a balanced

structure of age, income and occupational groups,

capable of adapting to ongoing economic, social

and cultural change, enjoying a high standard of

living and an attractive quality of life and with

sufficient income and employment opportunities

to allow individuals and families to live

State Policies Relate to Rural
Group A
Development
State policies relate to rural development in

a number of ways:

1. Some policies may have implications for

development of rural areas, though that is

not their intention. For example, health,

education or social welfare policies.

2. Sometimes policies are intended to affect the

development of rural areas, yet they are not officially rural development policies.

For example, regional industrial policy

Differences and Similarities of

policy needs in different rural

Group A

areas

Differences and similarities of policy needs in different rural areas

• The type of rural development policy

implemented depends in many cases on the

type of rural area in question, and how it has

been defined or classified. For example, it is

sometimes useful to identify three classes of

rural area, as follows:

1. Remote/isolated areas characterized by low

population density, low income, primary sectorproduction, and poor

provision/access to services
Differences and Similarities of

policy needs in different rural

Group A

areas
Differences and similarities of policy needs in

different rural areas

2. Intermediate rural areas with varying(differ in

size) characteristics such as mixes of primary and

secondary sectors and large-scale farming

3. Economically integrated (combine) rural areas,

which are fully integrated into the national and

global economy. These areas are characterized by

increasing population, secondary and tertiary

sectors environmental, social and cultural heritage.

Differences and Similarities of

policy needs in different rural

Group A

areas
Within most modern rural development policy the

following goals can be identified:

• Enhancement of the competitiveness of rural

regions so that they can contribute appropriately

to achieving national economic development

goals.

• Provision of opportunities to rural citizens to

share a standard of living generally comparable to

national norms.

• Identification, development and protection of

key national elements of the built environment in

 Trends in rural development policy

• In practice rural development policy

Trends in varies widely

across “Is there a ‘New Rural Policy’?”

Rural Bryden

(2000) suggests that a number of

policy trends in

Rural Development Policy can be

recognize.

These include:

A
• Shift from sectoral to territorial
(spatial) based

policy.

• A shift towards decentralization of

policy development and
administration.
 Cont....

Trends in • A move towards more bottom-up and

participative

Rural
policy involving public, private and voluntary
sectors

(social partners).

• Recognition that there are different types of rural

areas, and therefore there must be different types
of

rural development policies

B
• More attention to transport and communication

infrastructure, and to education and training.

• Introduction of ‘rural proofing’ of all policy. That

is,

the identification of the impact of policy on rural

areas.
Trends in Cont....

• The above refer to trends in the general

Rural
approaches and direction of rural development

policy, Bryden (2000, p. 11) has also outlined

the

following trends in policy content of national

rural

development policies in many member States:

• Efforts to reinforce rural economies,

C principally

through diversification of economic activities,

mainly using indirect aid for transport and

communications infrastructure, promoting

networks of knowledge and expertise,

supporting education and training
 Cont..

Trends in • Attempts to restructure agriculture.

• Strengthening transport and

Rural
communications

infrastructure, including
telecommunications

infrastructure.

• New ways of providing public services in

rural areas,

D
sometimes combined in service centers
sometimes

using information and communications

technology.

• Developing human resources through

vocational training
 Cont..

Trends in
• Capacity building’ at local levels, to
enhance the

ability of local actors to participate.

Rural • Developing and commercializing natural

and

culture sectors such as recreation and

tourism

• Creation of local products based on local

identity and aiming at a market niche,

E usually

linked to local natural and cultural

• The increasing use of programme

evaluation

procedures both as a control and a learning

mechanism.
Concept
Presented by Group A
 Group A
Rural Dev. Policies

Rural development policy refers to all aspects of government

action that, directly or indirectly, influences the nature of

economic and social development in rural areas. It is a policy

that directly affects changes in line with unambiguously

defined rural development goals (National University of Ireland,

2003). Rural development should be viewed from an integrated

spatial perspective which takes account of all policies which

have an impact on the rural area.

 Group A
Community Development

Programme (CDP)
1952 Over-all development of rural

areas with people's participation

Programes
•Draught Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)
1973-74 To minimise the adverse effects of

drought on production of crops and

livestock and productivity of land, water

and human resources ultimately leading to

drought proofing of the affected areas

 Group A
District Rural Development

Agency (DRDA) 1993.

To provide financial

assistance for rural

development.

Programes
Development of Women and Children in Rural

Areas (DWCRA)1982
To provide suitable opportunities of self-

employment to the women belonging to the

rural families who are living below the poverty

line.
 Group A

Rural Dev.Projects

Hospitals Water
Houses Roads