TgonpENG IN SOLEDS s+ Te we dorwify ryxstals in Bama ay toe yee sp nding Joolivaon the atoms Wray eres ho Rimided tnt the d » jive atagonies, ajTonic bonds 23 in Alkali Habidles , Alkali exicde ete CBensfer of volarer olution) 2) Covalent oordis ag in cLinmenct , Subivon et. Cshaning of Vallance elertins) Q) Melilice cords O8 in Various metals, alloys Cree alin. of Valence eections) A) Hydegen bends ae hie © Vander wanlls bed or mokeuler bonds oy in Goes Lileee He, Ne, Ar, kr, On ha rxe Coledions Suomen agsotatad uitads origina ousted) The Cit Hrree Kypes of bonds are cobbled Patra bonds and the last tus ‘eyes one valled Sevendiary bends + Tony GE tue Ouystals Oxhibule mixed bbancking . For eg: ens upstot 2 Goatty Leni and goably Lovalant . SECONDARY BosTDS' 24 a) Hydragen bending I With hydrogen akom od the posibime end ap tur dlipediay Tk bends aniseas aso of Cletastati attraction dodieen atoms ik is Knomas ry dow gen lending . Lok us Usnsider the Sxample af Ha molacuke eu af Toe pucker Aedbnagabinitiy Of toe Oxygen the clecfrensko okey Loser $0 nggen Hen the Oxygen oom rs Tes Anegatine and 94 tre chipot Cdn hydrogen atom atk os De positimae end. tre posits end attracts the negabine ord a4 cundtUne, oaker molestie and whos bending de moles ute: tuo gee. In Dre dv ruydnogen atom Hu proton in not sheildad joy Other Strrounding eladcrons and hance UF is obDactid shrongly by tne negatine Ona oy o dipole Thus the bonding is soletinely SProng ot Comporeel Ko Oren dipole dipole interactions «thin bond Jy also directional in é te dipole inter catia alias. Sinte Ye mast ole bonegatine atoms Like owire On : us Pde ond nikiogin Produce strong dipoles , hy dogun bonding H> formed Irelinicen bem ran the nydragen atoms : The hy dacogen bending do imporkente wn mang biological moleues Suchos DAA: 6s) aay & §P a. OG Pouspwrize of Wynogen bonded Solids . x The hydrogen bonds ont directional * The bending is galatively sbrong empans te othar dipole -dipote inktractions: % Hydrogen bordid Solids rane hove molting * Try au Soluble in both polar and non polan|® * They an fronspaunt ke Mant * She olemants Low okomtc numbers from Kuch Sodids , they GEMM.» donsiti Examples of hydrogen bonded Saiics: Walir moleute inthe form of dice, Ommonia moleuilos Von der Waals (mote Lar) bending : Joolrimenn, of poss Kune 9 rogatoe end dhaages may net Windle al Anak moment, gising Buse fo Wene Puackuoting Lpole ——ee A < altnoctime force Cxists betwen the oppesike ends OF tre dipelis in the neighbowing Btoms: This force only allows Xneve gos otoms ko undinse at low Kampuotis + Von der Waals bonding We yptrolly on arcer of magnitude 2) Syrrentrieat . intrrkaulion ee Shen the hyp drogen Pending . Gules) east Solids uth van der Cruse bending ant leetri cal insslatons Stine the oledtions ore Lovalized - theg sonnet saan to clerical Unductimily vihen ortimnat electric felt bo aprliad. Trese Skids orm charactrisct by Low meting poinld high Hreumead rpansind © Yhicionix. Due be the prrsena OfPoual ferns.» thoy are Soit eclhonically use | Poropantion Bf salids with van du Urals bending | yen cseekioncl * Van dex waals bord ore *« ee Oe ls * Trey, ax have Low mailing Ueto. then the huypdswsen Ounts - \ in beth Pala, and nen ® They or soluotiec \ emt : ak x Troy wre tWruolby DrANsF manent Lp 1h Examples a4 Von dir walls onding + Solid pron, Solad wAgnPatwony Bonds : Tonte Borck + Covalent Bondl # Melaltic Bond | | Tonte Bond : ee tie attractive 4An tonic bonding ir erisHrg iboleseen Bo pat live ton ond @ | n five fon a pnteh Uden ftte oben iy & Thee tone awe ached Jose) 27 uimaeaaa af diff demic pilisce teeter cube tn order fo Stel rel — elechvon con iguatons i + Electoo ~ postive elements ead give | or, look oe vavally Gyreup Lev ai elevuonts : Gi > Na, k pray boo Bela = regative clenents cweadilly fake ome fypically Cyreup vi ov | { ae electrons ond a, Bx ond 0.ee Paopecties of tone solids * 4 Tonic coltds av cwyptabline th. nature fond rh bret tLe and boiling packs high me * They ove + They Jnawe dig. melltrg + Since alt tue doctors ane bound wilt, eae R aohide of declatcly ane srwul ators solvents ¥ ely 4 sty oes paler ond insoluble i non - poten Covalent Bonding : ¥ In covalent bonding fre stable electrons fn 07 outer clhelt oo pacer ef volence loch electron — fevansfer $ Sucle showing caulls taemes Lowering of potential ened of te oystem We ae polvenks ° anna ewent °. te achieved! by shiorteg wa fuer fea tlwhen f° atoms, ove tnvolved fm fle bond — foxruaon pave ond feuy Wis of electrons — farm Huey anaes os single covelnt honcl x hthen fee coordinating olbe | disco ows HR paters cs Bb Sere, a angle poi cavewalls double *A forvwicok slr diferent Pours tw of valence eq : H, # covalent due to iS ovbrtals or to overlp fs called onl pee gan Angbaid erystal ‘ype ond phocce ) ruc leg oy poconch Covedunk * Tn one eral weak dow Tn boun t ae “a covalent non- re tals Hue Carbon Salphor and home = on dein ds RN bond wore woy abso be atows of ov wore joo Huoree elocd rons co, One y Hel z. bonds ave forwedk not overt i p obi tals P ovbttals bonding ‘ e, NH, of ef Keen pare! but alto due i Seole bonding 7 age bond] of 3 te Co o 4 crystals, tue Te Hey aria tral Shey sof E ancl pain - ace oreo ave Poolsne teks, He cops | aherong covalert ore Yea daarch | ce : hype a ey naling ond, bie,+ The stwplest cane of Teo hoodia Hue faydvogen woleale my volt conbri bute Wace cee covalent octets in 4uve dy devgow : joa abou electors "to fern on electron pur Borel \ L Che) of covalent bord : sp CoveelonE bonds ove Aine deonal covalent lide ove fant enh betftle Shey pomes cays fall éne loud uve : + When conepenrtl ctl. — fonte solids f Jtrese nolids ove adlativel doo wel ao f boiling pinks f 2 | qe ond alone goilds ave PPuce Om conductors Fait of dcricily ot low haa covalink engstalls ane doped # INhen with certain -onduchors fesy become Bowie trapunt esMetattic Bordirg : ae * The valance elicl-rorn f u ; Prom al bye alors belorg rg fo He cxgstal one Aces gi. move forovgbout tue cogs : # She crys fal way be tornidinel os one wey of positive metal fons embedded in & Faleecl Ree Acoe of free dackeom- Shes tupe of bonding is called metallic bonding r es a clerminedl met allic chase bere +A dang eh b Juc pock of pesttie fone alone Hue Ds! dou ts jk gort of req ately Goat valence elrctans | dos Idd tue bordling is wetals pid os fefatnt unm ove a feron nickel , tungaten “a atgnificont fraction of Be + Tue valence —Lukes ca ice” Toe Propedttes ef metallic colts # Metallic bonds ave colatively woak $ Metallic solide one non - dlixec tional | + Shey posses Anigh cleclatcal onl Heorwal conde cht vity +dhey rove Intefe nuuber 2 #Melalttc solids owe not soluble ir poler f five lect rors and non - polo solvents diy are Coeclcagg, Tuo Torte polarr ond | einen abana bat strong ev fecan yardir Wools | bonds Lx of wel ablic golids : | coctum, — PRM, gold ; silver, cbumtnvn - ee