International Trade and Custom

Economic Geography

Apartheid Nelson Mandela

MEMBERS :
MANZANO GUTIÉRREZ ABIGAIL ( 203110718 )
REBOLLO HERNÁNDEZ RIS JACZEN ( 203110859 )

MTRA . MARIANA SANTILLAN ARROYO

GENERATION : MAY - AUGUST 2022. GROUP : 5ºD

TOLCAYUCA , HGO . , 04 August , 2022

Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in what
was then called the Union of South Africa, a Dominion
of the British Empire. Although the majority of its
inhabitants were black, they were dominated by a white
majority that controlled the land, wealth and
government, a discriminatory social structure that
would later be codified in the country's legal system
under the name of apartheid.
Apartheid and
activism In Soweto, Mandela studied law part-time at Wits
University and began practicing law at the country's
first black law firm. He joined the African National
Congress, a group advocating civil rights for black
South Africans. In 1948, segregation that was already
rampant in South Africa became law when the ruling
party formally adopted apartheid, or separation.
This policy required black South Africans to
carry their identity card at all times, a document
required to enter areas designated for whites.
They were forced to live in black-only areas and
were prohibited from engaging in interracial
relationships. Blacks were also removed from
the voter rolls and ultimately marginalized
altogether
At first, Mandela and his ANC colleagues used
nonviolent tactics, such as strikes and demonstrations,
to protest against apartheid. In 1952, Mandela
contributed to the escalation of the struggle as leader
of the Defiance Campaign, which urged black
participants to actively break the law. More than 8,000
people, including Mandela, were jailed for violating
curfews, refusing to carry identity documents and other
offenses.
Mandela was not sentenced to death, but in 1964
he was sentenced to life in prison. He was only
allowed one 30-minute visit with one person a
year and he could send and receive two letters a
day. Confined to austere conditions, he worked in
a limestone quarry and, over time, earned the
respect of his captors and the other inmates. He
was offered opportunities to leave prison in
exchange for guaranteeing that the ANC would
stop the violence, but he refused.
Every June 18, he is remembered on International
Nelson Mandela Day, designated by the United Nations
to commemorate his service and sacrifice. It is a
reminder that Mandela's work is not done, a view
shared by Mandela himself.
"To be free is not simply to throw off chains, but to live
in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of
others," he wrote in his autobiography. "The true test
of our devotion to freedom has only just begun."
 ¿Qué es
"la identidad de Bibliography
una marca"?

Blakemore, E. (2020, 21 julio). Este activista dedicó su vida a desmantelar el racismo

y pasó de ser el prisionero político más famoso del mundo a convertirse en el primer
presidente negro de Sudáfrica. National Geographic. Recuperado 3 de agosto de
2022, de https://www.nationalgeographic.es/historia/2020/07/nelson-mandela-
lucho-contra-el-apartheid-pero-su-trabajo-no-ha-terminado

Thanks u!