Faculty of Architecture and Design

Department of Architectural Engineering

Amman - Jordan

JERASH CAMP DEVELOPMENT

GRADUATION PROJECT 1

Ghada Ashraf Ahmad Abu Abed

202020026

Supervised by
Dr. Shaden Abusafieh

SECOND SEMESTER 2022/202

ON THE SIDE OF THE BOOK
COLOR OF THE HARD COVER: BURGUNDY

JERASH CAMP SECOND SEMESTER GHADA ASHRAF ABU

DEVELOPMENT 2022/ 2023 ABED
 SUPERVISOR CERTIFICATION

I certify that the preparation of this project, entitled.

JERASH CAMP DEVELOPMENT

Done by: Ghada Ashraf Ahmed Abu Abed.

was made under my supervision at the College of Architecture and Design department of Architecture in
partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture

Name:………………………………………………………

Signature:…………………………………………………...

Date:…………………………………………………………..
 DEDICATION

To my beloved parents who have been my source of inspiration and support.

To my brothers, sisters, friends and colleagues who shared their endless advice and support and encouraged me to do so.

And lastly, to everyone who has undergone changes in their lives that have led to their loss
Their homes or security ... You are my main source of inspiration for this work and illumination of my thoughts.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Shaden Abusafieh, for all the help and guidance she
provided throughout my education.

I would like to thank my father and mother. You will always be the super people in my life.

I would like to thank our family, especially my parents, for their encouragement, patience, and
assistance over the years. We are forever indebted to our parents, who have always kept me in their
prayers.

I would like to thank my second family (Camp Family) for all the help and positions They were
more than my family.
ABSTRACT

English Abstract
 ‫الملخص‬

‫الملخص باللغة العربية‬

List of Tables

Table 3.1...............................................Inverted Pendulum Parameter Values 21

Table 5.1............................................................Inverted Pendulum Equations 53

Table 5.2...............................................Inverted Pendulum Parameter Values 54

Table 5.3...................................................Fuzzy Associative Memory (FAM) 59

Table 5.4............................................Set of Input-Output Data for First Rule 70

List of Figures
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Definition (What is the project, Users, and Location)

1.2 Historical Background (Internationally and locally)
1.3 Research Methodology
1.4 The Needs of this Project (Why this project)
1.5 Vision, Goals, and Objectives (What is new in this project)

CHAPTER 2: ARCHITECTURAL CASE STUDIES

2.1 Local Case Study

2.1.1 General information and Project Brief

2.1.2 Concept and main ideas
2.1.3 Major components and Zoning
 2.1.4 Circulation system
2.1.5 Any other analysis you may need.
2.1.6 Conclusion

2.2 Regional Case Study

2.2.1 General information and Project Brief

2.2.2 Concept and main ideas
2.2.3 Major components and Zoning
2.2.4 Circulation system
2.2.5 Any other analysis you may need ……………………...
2.2.6 Conclusion

2.3 International Case Study

2.3.1 General information and Project Brief

2.3.2 Concept and main ideas
 2.3.3 Major components and Zoning
2.3.4 Circulation system
2.3.5 Any other analysis you may need ……………………...
2.3.6 Conclusion

CHAPTER 3: SITE ANALYSIS

3.1 Macro Scale

3.1.1 Surroundings
3.1.2 Architectural character
3.1.3 Natural and physical features
3.1.4 Approach and accessibility
3.1.5 Topography
3.1.6 Climate Analysis
CHAPTER 4: PROGRAM AND FUNCTIONAL RE
4.1 List of functions and activities
4.2 Zoning and relations
4.3 Areas and spatial requirements
4.4 Summary of the project functions and areas

CHAPTER 5: CONCEPT

5.1 Philosophy
5.2 Concept
5.3 Zoning
5.4 Circulation
INTRODUCTION
Jerash camp for Palestinian refugees 1.1

The project revolves around reviving and developing the Jerash camp area, known as "Gaza camp", and rehabilitating it to become a source of
income for its people. There will be self-sufficiency for the residents of the region and receiving tourists through several things, the first of
which is the rehabilitation of all roads and streets in terms of lighting, landscaping, security, and safety, starting from the entrance, from the
camp to its street. The most important of them, then its views, then the deserted spaces in it, etc. The project will end with the design of a
.complex building to operate for the camp residents and achieve their financial sufficiency so that they can meet their basic needs for living

?What is Jerash camp for Palestinian refugees 1.1.2

Jerash Camp is located 7 kilometers from Jerash and administratively belongs to Jerash
.Governorate

Jerash camp was established as an emergency camp in 1968 AD to house 11,500

Palestinian refugees and displaced persons who left the Gaza Strip as a result of the
."Israeli aggression in 1967 AD. It is known locally as the "Gaza camp

The camp covers an area of 750,000 square meters and is located five kilometers from
the famous Roman ruins in the city of Jerash. After 1967, UNRWA quickly established
.facilities for food aid, health services, and education
In order to combat the harsh winter, the original 1,500 tents were replaced with
.prefabricated housing

Between 1968 AD and 1971 AD, 2000 homes were built with the support of
emergency donations. Over the years, many camp residents have replaced
prefabricated shelters with more durable concrete shelters, many of the roofs are
.still made of zinc and asbestos sheets
 The Palestinian cause 1.2

year old issue 100

The Palestinian issue is deep in history. This issue appeared for the first time in 1897,
which is the date of the first Zionist conference, in which the idea of building and
establishing a state that would bring together world Jewry on Palestinian land was
.proposed

From here, a series of steps began with the decision to divide Palestine in 1948 between
.the Jews on the one hand and the Palestinian Arabs on the other

The Balfour The First Zionist Congress

Declaration, which convened in Basel,
stipulated the Switzerland, and called for the
Lebanon war The tripartite
The uprising of establishment of a establishment of a "national
aggression against
the children of national home for the home for the Jewish people in
October War Egypt
stones Jews in Palestine ".Palestine

2008 2006 2000 1987 1978 1967 1956 1948

Al-Aqsa Intifada
1973 1917 1901 1897
Camp David The Six Day War The outbreak of the Gaza blockade
The Fifth Zionist
Accords Arab Israeli war, which
Congress convened,
resulted in the
and its aim was to
displacement of about
buy the Palestinian
750,000 Palestinians
lands to become the
from the Palestinian
Jewish people
.territories
Palestinian Refugees Camps 1.2.1

Palestinian refugee camps are camps set up by the United Nations Relief
and Works Agency (UNRWA) in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank
and the Gaza Strip to accommodate Palestinian refugees registered with
UNRWA, who fled or were expelled during the 1948 Palestinian exodus
after the 1948 Arab Israeli War or in the aftermath of the Six-Day War in
.1967, and their patrilineal descendants

Four of the camps were established on the eastern bank of the Jordan River
after the 1948 war, while the remaining six were established after the 1967
war, in addition to three informal camps located in Amman, Zarqa, and
Madaba, which are supervised by the Jordanian government. The residents
of the three unofficial camps live in similar social and economic conditions

to the rest of the camps supervised by UNRWA. The total of these thirteen

.camps constitute 65% of the total number of Palestinian refugees in Jordan

PALESTINIAN REFUGEE CAMPS IN JORDAN 1.2.2

Irbid camp

Husn camp

Souf camp

Jerash camp

Baqaa camp
Zarqaa camp

Marka camp Jaba el-hussin camp

Amman new camp

"wehdat"

Talbieh camp
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1.3

METHODOLOGY AND STUDY QUESTION 1.3.1

The study depends on the empirical method to investigate such a problem. Observation tool is used in analysis. In this tool, the criteria of
analysis concentrate in the physical mapping of refugee settlements, which is compared according to different physical variables. The idea of
.mapping is important to support the main hypothesis of the research

1.3.2 METHODOLOGY
1- The camp area:

-Visit the camp

-Knowing camp problems that can be solved

- Conducting interviews with camp residents

- Getting to know the camp by walking through its neighborhoods

- Interview with the official of the Jerash Refugee Camp Committee

2. The behavior of the camp residents

- The basics that a refugee need

-Their habits and way of dealing

-The reason for their stay

- The extent of their acceptance of learning handicrafts

-Their interest in education

3. Architectural:

-buildings in the area

- Materials used in construction

-Principles of building (exterior, interior)

-The safety of the buildings and the comfort of the family in them
THE NEED OF THIS PROJECT 1.4
!?Why is My Project

- My choice was to redevelop the Gaza camp area because of the material, moral and psychological conditions the residents of this camp
suffer from, and this is what encouraged me to study the area, specifically the Jerash camp for Palestinian refugees.
- Because of the camp's many needs, which the camp's residents indicated, that the camp needs many and varied assistance, due to the
deterioration of the conditions of its residents, and specified it, among "kind materials, cash, and aid related to health care and difficult
operations."
VISION, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES (WHAT IS NEW IN THIS PROJECT?!) 1.5
VISION & GOALS 1.5.1
.Reducing unemployment rates by promoting employment opportunities, successful small and cooperative projects, and the necessary skills -1
Activating the role of youth leadership and initiative in the development of their society (the project that brought us together is a dream). - 2
Increasing the awareness of the local community of its rights and duties and enabling it to reduce the impact of legislation that impedes the
.people of Gaza camp from enjoying their rights
The local community development office has institutional capabilities through which it achieves a high level of effectiveness, transparency, -3
.credibility and sustainability, and strengthens its relationship with the local community
Achieving the objectives of the Gaza Camp Improvement Plan by building on and developing existing capabilities and mobilizing the -4
.energies of volunteers and institutions inside and outside the camp (education, health, environment, and other axes)
 CHAPTER 2

Architectural Case Studies

Al Za’atari Camp 2.1

General Information and Project Brief 2.1.1

Opened on July 28, 2012, and still holding 80,000 people, the camp has become a
.symbol of the long-running Syrian refugee crisis

A decade after the camp opened, its population has stabilized at around 80,000 people,
and it remains the largest refugee camp in the Middle East, one of the largest in the
.world, and a symbol of the protracted Syrian refugee crisis

Tents have been replaced with 25,000 prefabricated shelters.1

More than 20,000 births have been registered in Zaatari.2

There is a crowded market with 1,800 shops.3

There are eight medical facilities providing free healthcare.4

The Zaatari camp is powered by solar energy, which was supplied to the camp in 2017.5

6.4%of refugees hold work permits

Most refugees would like to return home one day7 .

2.1.2 Concept and Main Ideas

1- Clarifying the concept of building community relations and understanding

the space between buildings and related social links.

2- Providing safety for the refugees who make them feel they belong to the
camp that was built for them.

3- Allowing refugees to be prioritized in the camp is closely related to the

hygienic configuration of the camp, the shelters, and the social and interaction
that this spatial confusion enables.

2.1.3 Vision, Objectives

Vision: Ensure the development of the camp infrastructure in line with refugee needs, site planning standards and demographic changes.

Objectives:

-Ensure proper land and infrastructure management.

-Facilitate decision making on all changes in infrastructure

-Improve the accessibility and mobility of the refugees in the camp including people with disabilities.

-Manage rainwater.
-Provide a safe and sustainable electrical power supply to all areas of the camp and supply the refugee households with adequate energy.

-Promote the establishment of green spaces in the camp.

2.1.4 Planing and Circulation System

In 2012, the borders of the camp were limited to the residence of the
people and relatives close to each other, and close to the water and
resources they needed to live.

Planning in 2012 For the Camp

In 2013, the borders of the camp began to widen as a result of the
increase in the number of refugees and the occurrence of overcrowding in
the borders that were drawn at the beginning of the establishment of the
camp.

Planning in 2013 For the Camp

In 2014 and 2015 although network planning created new sectors and
caravans Te caravans had the same informal design and were organized
in U shapes to be close to relatives and friends in courtyards and
gathering places. Tis' method of spontaneous urbanization had an impact
on the quality of services provided to refugees. Planning in 2014&2015 For the Camp
Analysis of the shelter, population and size of the camp during the
period of growth between July 2012 and March 2014
 Legend

Hospital
Distribution Center
School
Playground ROOD
Youth Friendly Space District
Kitchen 1
Wach Center District
Office NGO 3
Office Government
Police
Religion
SMALL ROOD
District

2 District
District
PUPLIC LIGHT 5
4 District
)25m Coverage(
6

District

12
District

MAIN ROOD District

11 PATHS

District

10

District

District

AIRPORT RUNWAY

PLANNING IN 2017
2.1.5 architectural elements and spatial measures used for planning Zaatari camp

Building tents, the area of each tent was 23 m²

They replaced the tents with caravans for each family, a caravan of 16 m²

Creation of children's play areas with an area of 3.5m² for each child
Communal Latrines Communal Kitchen Communal Water Tank

An image showing the method of distributing

architectural elements in each region.
Pictures of the buildings inside and out.
2.1.6 Any other analysis you may need

The composition of dwellings in Zaatari camp in relation to shelter typology.

Tent Only

Caravans + Tents

Caravans Only
2.1.7 Conclusion

* Streams camps are planned and designed to achieve

Two main goals:

1- meeting the basic human needs.

2- addressing a quantitative issue. However, because of the

protraction over the time of the emergency, refugees’

camps should be considered more as urban settlements.

than as rows of shelters.

* The urban feature of the refugees’ camps recalls the concept of building communities and making sense of the space between buildings and
related social ties.

* Refugees' prioritization of what is important in the camp is closely related to the spatial confusion of the camp and the shelters and the social
interaction that this spatial configuration enables.

* In the case of the Al Za’atari camp, the evidence suggests that the needs of users are often disregarded in the support the design of spatial and
architectural solutions.
Shatila Camp 2.2

2.2.1General information and Project Brief

Shatila camp was established by the International Committee of the Red Cross to
.accommodate hundreds of Palestinian refugees who were displaced from their lands

The Shatila refugee camp was established in 1949 for Palestinian refugees fleeing
.Palestine during the Nakba

.The camp is in Beirut next to the Sabra neighborhood

Shatila was severely devastated during the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, and
.repeatedly targeted during the Lebanese civil war

On 16 -18 September 1982, between 700 and 3500 residents were massacred in the
.camp and the Sabra neighborhood – predominantly Palestinian residents

Initially housing around 500 tents set up by the International Committee of the Red
Cross (ICRC) as a temporary shelter, the camp has grown exponentially over the past
decades. The camp had a mostly vertical growth with units being added on top of one
.another without any foundation or structures to support the building heights
As a result, the camp was repeatedly targeted and destroyed in the total
desolation of housing and infrastructure that characterizes the area today.
While there are just over 10,000 registered Palestinian refugees in the camp
.today, estimates of the population range from 20,000 to 30,000 people
Concept and main ideas 2.2.2

Contribute to building for humanity

Despite the growth in population, the camps are

prohibited by the Lebanese authorities from expanding
abroad, so they are both slowly growing upwards. Many
breezy block houses, which consist of small square rooms
of about 25–30 square meters (80–100 sq ft), are now
four or five stories high, sometimes more. The tapering
streets, many of which are barely a meter wide, are now
cast in near-perpetual darkness, save for a few hours
around noon when sunlight can penetrate the concrete
canopy. The lack of fresh air and an abundance of open
sewers, coupled with an abundance of open sewers,
.coupled with an incredibly dense population
Accesspility and Landmark 2.2.3
Major components and Zoning 2.2.4

Ain El Seke Border

Hospital Border
Registration

Top View of Camp

Plans

Ground Floor Plan First floor plan

Second floor plan Thierd floor plan
Fourth floor plan
Sections

Vertical circulation
Vertical circulation
Dissecting the Layers 2.2.4

Public Space & Circulation Visual Connection

Inhabitable Spaces Service Spaces

Bridging Between Building

3D SHOT
Conclusion 2.2.5

Studying the areas that can be exploited to strengthen social relations in the camp, and therefore social development may be
a reason for the rise of the economy in the areas through the cooperation of the people together.
Community Center Pilares Valentín Gómez Farías 2.3.1
 CHAPTER 3

SITE ANALYSIS